Technical Reports & Publications

Specifications developed within W3C must be formally approved by the Membership. Consensus is reached after a specification has proceeded through the review stages of Working Draft, Proposed Recommendation, and Recommendation.

As new issues arise from Members, resources are reallocated to new areas to ensure that W3C remains focused on topics most critical to the Web's interoperability and growth.

Recommendations

The following W3C Recommendations have been issued; signifying that the specifications are stable, contribute to Web interoperability, and are supported for industry-wide adoption by the W3C Membership.

Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1

1 October 1998, Vidur Apparao, Steve Byrne, Mike Champion, Scott Isaacs, Ian Jacobs, Arnaud Le Hors, Gavin Nicol, Jonathan Robie, Robert Sutor, Chris Wilson, Lauren Wood

Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) 1.0 Specification

15 June 1998, Philipp Hoschka

PICS Signed Labels (DSig) 1.0 Specification

27 May 1998, Yang-Hua Chu, Philip DesAutels, Brian LaMacchia, Peter Lipp

Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 (CSS2) Specification

12 May 1998, Bert Bos, Håkon Wium Lie, Chris Lilley, Ian Jacobs

Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) 1.0 Specification

07 April 1998, Patrick Ion, Robert Miner, Stephen Buswell, Stan Devitt, Angel Diaz, Nico Poppelier, Bruce Smith, Neil Soiffer, Robert Sutor, Stephen Watt

Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 Specification

10 February 1998, Tim Bray, Jean Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen

PICSRules 1.1 Specification

29 December 1997, Christopher Evans, Clive D.W. Feather, Alex Hopmann, Martin Presler-Marshall, Paul Resnick

HTML 4.0 Specification

18 December 1997, revised 24 April 1998. Dave Raggett, Arnaud Le Hors, Ian Jacobs

HTML 3.2 Reference Specification

11 January 1997, Dave Raggett

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Level 1 Specification

17 December 1996, Håkon W. Lie and Bert Bos

Platform for Internet Content Selection (PICS) 1.1 Specifications

PICS 1.1 Rating Services and Rating Systems -- and Their Machine Readable Descriptions: 31 October 1996, Jim Miller, Paul Resnick and David Singer
PICS 1.1 Label Distribution -- Label Syntax and Communication Protocols: 31 October 1996, Tim Krauskopf, Jim Miller, Paul Resnick and Win Treese

PNG (Portable Network Graphics) Specification

1 October 1996, various authors

Proposed Recommendations

WebCGM Profile: 07 December 1998, David Cruikshank, John Gebhardt, Lofton Henderson, Roy Platon, Dieter Weidenbrueck
Namespaces in XML: 11 November 1998, Tim Bray, Dave Hollander, Andrew Layman

Working Drafts

The following Working Drafts have been submitted for review by W3C Members and other interested parties. These are draft documents and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use W3C working drafts as reference material or to cite them as other than "work in progress".

Ruby: 21 December 1998, Marcin Sawicki
Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL): 16 December 1998, James Clark, Stephen Deach
Reformulating HTML in XML: 05 December 1998, Dave Raggett, Frank Boumphrey, Murray Altheim, Ted Wugofski
WAI Authoring Tool Guidelines: 12 November 1998, Jutta Treviranus, Jan Richards, Nancy Sicchia, Ian Jacobs
WAI User Agent Guidelines: 12 November 1998, Jon Gunderson, Ian Jacobs
Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P1.0) Specification: 09 November 1998, Massimo Marchiori, Joseph Reagle, Dan Jaye
Resource Description Framework (RDF) Schemas: 30 October 1998, Dan Brickley, R.V. Guha, Andrew Layman
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) Requirements: 29 October 1998, Jon Ferraiolo
Resource Description Framework (RDF) Model and Syntax Specification: 08 October 1998, Ora Lassila, Ralph R. Swick
Associating stylesheets with XML documents: 01 October 1998, James Clark
WAI Accessibility Guidelines: Page Authoring: 18 September 1998, Gregg Vanderheiden, Wendy Chisholm, Ian Jacobs
Namespaces in XML: 16 September 1998, Tim Bray, Dave Hollander, Andrew Layman
A P3P Preference Exchange Language (APPEL): 14 August 1998, Marc Langheinrich
SMUX Protocol Specification: 10 July 1998, Jim Gettys, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen
HTTP-ng Web Interfaces: 10 July 1998, Dan Larner
HTTP-ng Binary Wire Protocol: 10 July 1998, Bill Janssen
HTTP-ng Architectural Model: 10 July 1998, Bill Janssen, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen, Mike Spreitzer
Requirements for String Identity Matching and String Indexing: 10 July 1998, Martin J. Dürst
XSL Requirements Summary: 11 May 1998, Norman Walsh
Short- and Long-Term Goals for the HTTP-NG Project: 27 March 1998, Michael Spreitzer, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen
XML Linking Language (XLink): 3 March 1998, Eve Maler, Steve DeRose
XML Pointer Language (XPointer): 3 March 1998, Eve Maler, Steve DeRose
PEP Specification: an Extension Mechanism for HTTP: 21 November 1997, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen, Dan Connolly, Rohit Khare, Eric Prud'hommeaux
P3P Architecture Working Group: General Overview of the P3P Architecture: 22 October 1997, Joseph Reagle, Martin Presler-Martin, Melissa Dunn, Philip DesAutels, Lorrie Cranor, Mark Ackerman
P3P Vocabulary Working Group: Grammatical Model and Data Design Model: 14 October 1997, Mark Ackerman, Lorrie Cranor, Philip DesAutels, Melissa Dunn, Joseph Reagle, Upendra Shardanand
Positioning HTML Elements with Cascading Style Sheets: 19 August 1997, Robert Stevahn, Scott Furman, Scott Isaacs
Web Fonts: 21 July 1997, Brad Chase, Chuck Rowe, Chris Lilley, David Meltzer, Glen Rippel, Håkon Lie, Randy Polen, Robert Stevahn, Steve Zilles
Aural Cascading Style Sheets (ACSS) Specification: 30 June 1997, Chris Lilley, T.V. Raman
CSS Printing Extensions: 26 June 1997, Hakon Wium Lie, Robert Stevahn, Stephen Waters
Digital Signature Label Architecture: 10 January 1997, Rohit Khare
Selecting Payment Mechanisms Over HTTP: 06 January 1997, Don Eastlake, Rohit Khare, Jim Miller

Notes

The Consortium may make available on the Web information, ideas or commentary from W3C staff, Members, or the general public. Such information may be released, at the discretion of the W3C Director, as a NOTE.

List of suggested extensions to CSS: 10 December 1998, Bert Bos
DrawML Specification: 03 December 1998, Håkan Lothigius
Composite Capability/Preference Profiles (CC/PP): A user side framework for content negotiation: 30 November 1998, Franklin Reynolds, Johan Hjelm, Spencer Dawkins, Sandeep Singhal
XML Fragment Interchange Requirements, Version 1.0: 23 November 1998, Paul Grosso
Simple Tree Transformation Sheets 3 (STTS3): 11 November 1998, Daniel Glazman
The Platform for Privacy Preferences: 06 November 1998, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Joseph Reagle
WAP Forum - W3C Cooperation White Paper: 30 October 1998, Johan Hjelm, Bruce Martin, Peter King
The Information and Content Exchange (ICE) Protocol: 26 October 1998, Neil Webber, Conleth O'Connel, Bruce Hunt, Rick Levine, Laird Popkin, Gord Larose
HTML Components: 23 October 1998, Chris Wilson
Extensible Forms Description Language (XFDL) 4.0: 02 September 1998, John Boyer, Tim Bray, Maureen Gordon
Schema for Object-oriented XML: 30 September 1998, Matt Fuchs, Murray Maloney, Alex Milowski
Timed Interactive Multimedia Extensions for HTML (HTML+TIME): 18 September 1998, Patrick Schmitz, Jin Yu, Peter Santangeli
Using XSL and CSS together: 11 September 1998, Håkon Lie, Bert Bos
XML-QL: A Query Language for XML: 19 August 1998, Alin Deutsch, Mary Fernandez, Daniela Florescu, Alon Levy, Dan Suciu
Document Content Description for XML (DCD): 10 August 1998, Tim Bray, Charles Frankston, Ashok Malhotra
A Discussion of the Relationship Between RDF-Schema and UML: 04 August 1998, Walter W. Chang
P3P Guiding Principles: 21 July 1998, Lorrie Faith Cranor
Displaying SMIL Basic Layout with a CSS2 Rendering engine: 20 July 1998, Philipp Hoschka, Chris Lilley
Design of HTTP-ng Testbed: 10 July 1998, Daniel Veillard
Action Sheets: A Modular Way of Defining Behavior for XML and HTML: 19 June 1998, Vidur Apparao, Brendan Eich, Ramanathan Guha, Nisheeth Ranjan
Signed Document Markup Language (SDML): 19 June 1998, Jeff Kravitz
Hyper Graphics Markup Language (HGML): 19 June 1998, Mike Evans, Steven Furnell, Andy Phippen, Paul Reynolds, Neil Lilly, John Hammac
Statement on the Intent and Use of PICS: Using PICS Well: 1 June 1998, Joseph Reagle, Daniel J. Weitzner
Vector Markup Language (VML): 13 May 1998, Brian Mathews, Daniel Lee, Brian Dister, John Bowler, Howard Cooperstein, Ajay Jindal, Tuan Nguyen, Peter Wu, Troy Sandal
WebBroker: Distributed Object Communication on the Web: 11 May 1998, John Tigue, Jon Lavinder
XML in HTML Meeting Report: 11 May 1998, Dan Connolly, Lauren Wood
Precision Graphics Markup Language (PGML): 10 April 1998, Nabeel Al-Shamma, Robert Ayers, Richard Cohn, Jon Ferraiolo, Martin Newell, Roger K. de Bry, Kevin McCluskey, Jerry Evans
Associating stylesheets with XML documents: 5 April 1998, James Clark
Web Schematics on the World Wide Web: 31 March 1998, David Duce, Bob Hopgood
P3P Protocol and Data Transport Working Group Draft White Paper: 24 March 1998, Philip DesAutels, Steve Lucas, Joseph Reagle
Primary Language in HTML: 13 March 1998, M.T. Carrasco Benitez
XML Linking Language (XLink) Design Principles: 3 March 1998, Eve Maler, Steve DeRose
Web Architecture: Extensible Languages: 10 Februray 1998, Tim Berners-Lee, Dan Connolly
Compact HTML for Small Information Appliances: 09 February 1998, Tomihisa Kamada
Voice Browsers: 28 January 1998, Dave Raggett, Or Ben-Nattan
Name Spaces in XML: 19 January 1998, Tim Bray, Dave Hollander, Andrew Layman
XML Data: 05 January 1998, Andrew Layman, Edward Jung, Eve Maler, Henry S. Thompson, Jean Paoli, John Tigue, Norbert H. Mikula, Steve De Rose
HTML Threading: Conventions for use of HTML in email: 05 January 1998, Eric Berman, Pete Resnick, Nick Shelness
Client-Specific Web Services by Using User Agent Attributes: 30 December 1997, Tomihisa Kamada, Tomohiko Miyazaki
Introduction to RDF Metadata: 13 November 1997, Ora Lassila
W3C Data Formats: 29 October 1997, Tim Berners-Lee
Amaya Testbed Environments: the Java and ILU versions of Amaya: 28 October 1997, Daniel Veillard
PICS Extension for HTTP Cookies: 23 October 1997, Daniel Jaye
Simple Tree Transformation Sheets 2: 17 October 1997, Daniel Glazman
Internet Privacy Working Group Privacy Practices for the Web: 17 October 1997, Internet Privacy Working Group
Designing a Social Protocol: Lessons Learned from the Platform for Privacy Preferences: 02 October 1997, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Joseph Reagle Jr.
Web Interface Definition Language (WIDL): 22 September 1997, Phillip Merrick, Charles Allen
Date and Time Formats: 15 September 1997, Misha Wolf, Charles Wicksteed
A Proposal for XSL: 27 August 1997, Sharon Adler, Anders Berglund, James Clark, Istvan Cseri, Paul Grosso, Jonathan Marsh, Gavin Nicol, Jean Paoli,; David Schach, Henry S. Thompson, Chris Wilson
Generic Diff Format Specification: 21 August 1997, Arthur van Hoff, Jonathan Payne
The HTTP Distribution and Replication Protocol: 21 August 1997, Arthur van Hoff, Jonathan Payne, Mark Hapner, Steve Carter, Milo Medin
CSS: Potential Enhancements: 19 August 1997, Mike Wexler
The Open Software Description Format (OSD): 13 August 1997, Arthur van Hoff, Hadi Partovi, Tom Thai
W3C Activities Related to the "Global Information Networks" Ministerial Conference Meeting in Bonn, Germany: 11 July 1997, Sally Khudairi, Josef Dietl
W3C Activities Related to the US "Framework for Global Electronic Commerce": 06 July 1997, Joseph Reagle
Meta Content Framework using XML: 24 June 1997, R. V. Guha, Tim Bray
Network Performance Effects of HTTP/1.1, CSS1, and PNG: 24 June 1997, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen, Jim Gettys, Anselm Baird-Smith, Eric Prud'hommeaux, Håkon W. Lie, Chris Lilley
Use of CGM as a Scalable Graphics Format: 18 June 1997, Roy Platon and Chris Lilley
Navigation through LINK elements in HTML: 15 June 1997, Daniel Glazman
Privacy and Profiling on the Web: 02 June 1997, Melissa Dunn, James Gwertzman, Andrew Layman, Hadi Partovi
Proposal for an Open Profiling Standard: 02 June 1997, Pat Hensley, Max Metral, Upendra Shardanand, Donna Converse, Mike Myers
Implementation of OPS Over HTTP: 02 June 1997, Pat Hensley, Max Metral, Upendra Shardanand, Donna Converse, Mike Myers
Standard Practices for OPS Systems: 02 June 1997, Pat Hensley, Max Metral, Upendra Shardanand, Donna Converse, Mike Myers
White Paper: Joint Electronic Payment Initiative: 19 May 1997, Eui-Suk Chung and Daniel Dardailler
Proposal for a Handheld Device Markup Language: 09 May 1997, Tim Hyland
Handheld Device Markup Language Specification: 09 May 1997, Peter King, Tim Hyland
PICS-NG Metadata Model and Label Syntax: 14 May 1997, Ora Lassila
HTML DTD with support for Style Sheets: 21 April 1997, Dave Raggett
Channel Definition Format (CDF): 10 March 1997, Castedo Ellerman
Web Collections using XML: 07 March 1997, Alex Hopmann, Scott Berkun, George Hatoun, Yaron Goland, Thomas Reardon, Lauren Antonoff, Eric Berman
An Introduction to Amaya: 20 February 1997, Vincent Quint and Irène Vatton
HTTP-based Distributed Content Editing Scenarios: 13 December 1996, Ora Lassila
Imagemapped Images and Image-Incapable User Agents: 26 November 1996, Ian Graham
Resource Description Messages (RDM): 24 July 1996, Darren Hardy
Frame-based layout via Style Sheets: 8 June 1996, Bert Bos, David Raggett and Håkon W. Lie
Jigsaw: An Object Oriented Server: 7 June 1996, Anselm Baird-Smith
Jigsaw performance evaluation: 7 June 1996, Anselm Baird-Smith
HTML predefined icon-like symbols: 4 June 1996, Bert Bos
A Proposed Convention for Embedding Metadata in HTML: 2 June 1996, Reported by Stuart Weibel
The ILU Requester: Object Services in HTTP Servers: 7 March 1996, Paul Everitt
HTML Dialects: Internet Medial and SGML Document Types: 6 March 1996, Dan Connolly
Session Identification URI: 21 February 1996, Phillip M. Hallam-Baker, Dan Connolly
Notification for Proxy Caches: 21 February 1996, Phillip M. Hallam-Baker
Extended Log File Format: 21 February 1996, Phillip M. Hallam-Baker, Brian Behlendorf
A Lexical Analyzer for HTML and Basic SGML: 8 February 1996, Dan Connolly
Micro Payment Transfer Protocol (MPTP): 22 November 1995, Phillip M. Hallam-Baker
Giving Information About Other Resources in HTML: 20 November 1995, Tim Berners-Lee, David Raggett
Proposals for Gathering Consumer Demographics: 06 November 1995, Dan Connolly
"Character Set" Considered Harmful: 02 May 1995, Dan Connolly

Submissions to W3C

All acknowledged submissions to W3C by Consortium Member organizations are available to the public for review.

Note that "Submission" does not imply any endorsement by Consortium staff, Members, or host institutes.

Please review the statement of intellectual property which accompanies each Submission as there is no implication of any openness or release of proprietary rights in any submitted technology.

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Technical Reports & Publications