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GO BAT rC INDEX BAT VrG4INST-LITCOM X.HPC-LIT COM @b nPCLOGO DTA PCLOGO EXE 1PCWORLD PUB VPUBHELP TXT #x gPUBMAINTEXE README1 DOC kSAMPLE CIT @b  SAMPLE CNV @b #6SAMPLE FIL @b $SAMPLE KEY @b &SAMPLE NOT @b (6T COM PB *TOGGLE COM '/TYPE ME l= 0 PCBBUK Volume 0757 INDEX .BAT 52 PUBMAINT.EXE 43008 PCLOGO .EXE 1536 TOGGLE .COM 384 BASRUN .EXE 31744 PUBHELP .TXT 26400 PCWORLD .PUB 3840 PCLOGO .DTA 1680 CONV-LIT.COM 26610 INST-LIT.COM 38167 PC-LIT .COM 63383 README1 .DOC 39019 SAMPLE .CIT 3234 SAMPLE .CNV 54 SAMPLE .FIL 1430 SAMPLE .KEY 1189 SAMPLE .NOT 1078 TYPE .ME 768 -CATALOG.757 1063 The Public Domain Software Library Winscombe House, Beacon Rd, Crowborough, E. Sussex TN6 1UL England Tel 08926 63298 This Disk Contains PDSL Copyright material Please also respect authors copyrights and registration requirementsLibrary Volume 757 index name size crc description 757.01 CRC67 .COM 4K 5E A2 757.02 INDEX .BAT 1K BD 2E 757.03 PUBMAINT.EXE 42K 9C 4D 757.04 PCLOGO .EXE 2K 42 F4 757.05 TOGGLE .COM 1K CA 90 757.06 BASRUN .EXE 31K AB B7 757.07 PUBHELP .TXT 26K 66 D1 757.08 PCWORLD .PUB 4K 77 65 757.09 PCLOGO .DTA 2K 91 F5 757.10 GO .BAT 3K 1F 0A 757.11 CONV-LIT.COM 26K D8 DE 757.12 INST-LIT.COM 38K 8C 7E 757.13 PC-LIT .COM 62K BC B4 757.14 README1 .DOC 39K 06 CF 757.15 SAMPLE .CIT 4K A7 0C 757.16 SAMPLE .CNV 1K 1D A2 757.17 SAMPLE .FIL 2K F0 AD 757.18 SAMPLE .KEY 2K A4 C1 757.19 SAMPLE .NOT 2K 2D CA 757.20 T .COM 5K 09 FC 757.21 TYPE .ME 1K AE F1 Library -CATALOG Volume Number-757, 21 files cataloged Distributed in the UK by the:- Public Domain Software Library Winscombe House,Beacon Rd,Crowborough,Sussex TN6 1UL MZ>3 ><< Cm;G g !$ $%c&(L2R2\2=5L5:6Q6BCAGILMMjMMMNjOO3Q{RJXXZ\g]u]]^^addxCÞRandom Number Seed (-32768 to 32767)$d ]xEco#Ƥ~@zZrN vH Tʚ;  !!!"""####$$$%%%&&&&'''((())))***+++,,,,---...////0001112222333444555566677788*.*@ |Yt&wz^Pc|u~r1$cCu͍M r5ozsWb:,~/qY1.ޥ-T wV~/qYRM0={!;N;=-iPPPb5~P$L~ye&X4#]I̿JÍN}k,٬NytZB<(sfioS;5#-1]h!I5| Ƅ}&l.F}k +}+''c}jr$I~L~gffgf^_B";5J }#~t'Xv%F*Ӯw-;uD1mA4-q7|tP;d<>b}JlA]E62w8HMľfK:|O\ 5$4RKB.aUPo ̼ Y$ /\[_6A_p caw+fCzՔVijl7mGG'peXQsOnwףp= #zL} Hz@PC$t >(kn@C:h* 51_c.1@v:k ^# bx-Àz&XƐn2xʴW ?h)͡SЅ@aQYԦo% 'N x9? 6!OgI#E@|o|p+L67EV߄vl: {Η@H½p PvP?<&Ok8и'ƫ7Cưe\{2~]30b/5`=! 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ظPVer c"ڸv Ser P\عظPPՠ2=Pt!km to Register: JL Registered to: ׸Pw" P]'ٸPڸ P<׸:P< written by: ׹>׸P-PY+}AAFQ:PPF2YԊF25ظHAYItFP`b ׸P.0 ָPQ ߺ ߺ ָP \ ͮ oָPݺܺ =֠2=PtP Y[* * 7׸F * *ָPY+}AAFQP PF2YcӊF26ǰ-o׸YItFP0* * 7@׸ * *WP 7׸leոP 꿈.ָOHոP q 7ָ2+ո PTV Current Fileset: >չԸP* Peָ PNԹyԸPh<P1ԸP1 Path Name: >Թ;ԸP* P<ָo P^ԹԸP<PAԸPjl Notations: !ԹӸP:2 u;= Active &( Inactive ӹӸPwPP Citations: ӹ[ӸPJ;2 u Active  Inactive pӹӸP]UULLVbMINITIALIZATIONFKVP'06ܸPPcѸP-Y+},AFQF2WF2..2-d_..YItFP5Y+}gAFQPY+}HAFQF26WF2_WF26WF2_.-2-d_.-YItFYItF]UUF=t~WϱԸP~uY+}(AFQF2WF2䗊C2B_CYItF~KILL.u<W\ϱ$Ӹ.P<`=t|P<JY+}*AFQF2WF2䗊<2_<YItF:P< =tF@a=tF=2aF2 ]UUHPF2ιиPÍ~WFҸFF2=t?~W Parent File "<ex" not Present...|ӱFu=t4~WL#FIL and KEY Headers do not Match...F9=t:~W)FIL size has changed since last access...F=t:~W)CNV size has changed since last access...FV=t:~W)KEY size has changed since last access...Fs=t6~WJ%FIL and CNV Checksums do not Match...F5=t=~W ,Notation File Does not Match Article File...F=t=~W,Citation File Does not Match Article File...FL= t<~W+FIL and KEY total Citations do not match...Fg=3tB~W>1Your Fileset Index Terms Have Been "Converted"...F=4t@~W/Use PC-FILE Main Program for Other Functions...Fv=5t7~W&There are no Articles to Comment On...F7=6tC~Wm2CONV-LIT Unable to Proceed due to File Error(s)...FK=8t<~W"+Unable to Proceed without Complete Files...F=9tJ~W9Enter "CONV-LIT KILL [d:subdir\]FILENAME" (no extention)FV=:tN~W!Not Enough Room in Default Drive a2PuZ : Work AreacϱF\ΊF2=(̸P(P~ϹY+FF2PF2ɊF2=f~͸' ̹ˊF2P-˸P]UULLJ~$ˊF2PY;tCJ~ˊF2PWψFF2= F2kFF2FF2FF2]UU ˸PsF=HPF=HY# uFF2 u_FPFȹʸPF2 u2YPmNPZʹʸPt ?ʊF2F dLFF2PϸYϸyUuFF2P\ϸNhϸnb2uFF2 u3FPFNJF2 uy{Y 9 ikN )ʊF2F F 2 ]UUɸPPF{x#% Do you want to Continue...ɹpLF2P"PFPAFPF*'F2 ]UUM1B1* * * * * * * WARNING * * * * * * *FcnȸPPƹȸP=TV4The Conversion Procedure Permanently Alters Files...ȸPa Do you wish to proceed...ȹ_ȸPNP'ݸNP ȹ8ȸP'+LPPPFF2 ]UUW.ɱ0ʠ:2 u3FPDY;|DWFȿD  ȿHW.ɱ0ɿyW.ɱ0ɿW.~ɱ0ɠ;2 u3FPY;|WFǿH]UU:2 uDWFfǿD]{UǠ;2 uWF;ǿ2HP*]UU#UvUNF9PF2,ܸ"Pgߍ~ȸ" : ƍ~W~rg~b=t~F]BѸu$F9Record Size is OKnImproper Records!P : ~`P2ƍ~(XZ> Cannot Find File <F92 ]6LMCHECKING FOR FILE PRESENCEFsŸPb[fſ-ZDZPǸPP'IŸP8F6L<)?.FILOȱ0ǸAPPJuFF2 uK`W<.FIL޿`A&ſ`߿3š=tH:=tH;`ĹL<.CNVDZ0ƸPPuFbL<Uk.KEY{DZ0Ƹ)PPvuF.L<!7.NOTGDZ0Ƹ1PPBu:2 uFL<.CITDZ0BƸPPu;2 uFTøPPP صF2FF2 ]UUUvU F P 14Verifying Completeness and Accuracy of Your Files...kÿ`A^ÿ)QÍ~WS̍~WE̿`W'ÿWÿ`4u`ݿ¸FF2 =uHPF2=|HY# uF2F~W~ˊF2" ̸?P ׍~˸PIz^~W~˿4uMQܿgI~W~ˡBD˸?P 诿Z׍~n˸P~W˸ u?FPP~:˸PY+Y;tFF2 ]LMQbVERIFYING FILESF`W<%;.filKۿW< !.cnv1ڿW<.keyڿDW<.notڿW<.citڿ`A):2 u D1o;2 u V`W`ڿ`WvڿFn`W`WڿmOWP!Vñ! 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< tyt twt=q uusu &u||(ɋ u7 Ӵ!! t<u À u8!;uÊC2 Gr!u !q.G2q2ABCDûq2IS [<u>Iu5>uOY $< t< tCIIIt2úq)qt :t Cu^Cq tCCË:tCBŊ:uF2 tCG,s0D2ðHtà :u:uBt2A2úMa; l 0\2B23tâC< t _(2tâ 2ú5 txtquC.:u=CtKnu+4u&du(u#t!s 1!L!"L !u닀>-u낾 u^8!=2&!s 23۽8ִ?!;t t+ȃ;s Q+2Y؅t3 t** [2E2ú!Ë>!ßPX$< r0ڊC uð  $RZ!àE!s 1!A!H !H tV2EXAFB t}B0C tCD tDL!d 0*sŊ t 00CRCKFILE???MSDOS & Concurrent DOS high speed CRC version 6.71, 3/20/86, Howard Vigorita CTL-S pauses, CTL-C aborts Searching for "CRCKLIST" file Now searching for "CRCKFILE" fileNow searching for "-CATALOG" file Not found$ Checking with file: *No CRC Files found*Can not parse string - File not found *Match* <-- is, was --> Not a space between CRC values Disk full: CRCKLIST$ Can't make temporary file: CRCKLIST$ Disk transfer area too small: CRCKLIST$ ++File not found++$ DONE$ --> FILE: XXXXXXXX.XXX CRC = ++Open failed++ Can't close CRC file$ ++ABORTED++$Quantity of file CRC that matched - Quantity of file CRC that did not match - Quantity of lines failed parse test - Quantity of file(s) not found - CRCKLIST???CRCKFILE???CRCKLIST.$$$A:????????.???-CATALOG???CRCKLISTCRCECHO OFF CLS ECHO THE PUBLIC DOMAIN SOFTWARE LIBRARY ECHO *********************************************************************** ECHO Winscombe House, Beacon Rd, Crowborough, Sussex TN6 IUL tel 08926 63298 ECHO - ECHO This disk contains public domain and/or user supported software. ECHO This compilation of software is just one of 2000 plus disks available ECHO from the Public Domain Software Library. No charge or fee may be made ECHO for this disk, but you may give away copies to your friends providing ECHO you give them the whole thing including this file . ECHO Unlike commercial software, no printed documentation is supplied except ECHO in some cases from the authors of the programs. ECHO Most disks contain document files describing how to use the programs. ECHO These document files can usually be identified by the filename or ECHO filename extension type used. DOC, FRM, PRN, TXT, WS, MAN are the most ECHO common, files called READ.ME etc are also document files. ECHO You can view these files using the DOS 'TYPE' command. So to view a file ECHO called 'READ.ME' you would enter at the keyboard:- ECHO - ECHO "TYPE READ.ME" ECHO - PAUSE cls ECHO ARCHIVE FILES ECHO Some disks contain files with a ARC extension to the filename. These ECHO are special PACKED files, usually containing a number of smaller files. ECHO They are used to save disk space. Before you can use 'Archived' programs ECHO they need unpacking; for this you will need ARC.EXE, PKXARC.COM, ARCE.COM ECHO or ARCX.COM. The procedure is:- Place a blank formatted disk in drive B , ECHO put the disk with .COM or .EXE file and the archive file in drive A and ECHO type as follows "B:" to log into drive B, then:-"A:ARC E A:XXXXXX" ECHO (for ARC.EXE) or "A:ARCX A:XXXXXX" (substitute ARCE or PKXARC where it ECHO says ARCX if you have a different program), where XXXXXX is the name of ECHO the file to be unpacked. The files will be extracted and put on the disk ECHO in B: ECHO - ECHO USER SUPPORTED SOFTWARE. ECHO We urge you to support the authors of user supported software. This is ECHO not FREE software, but rather a 'try before you buy' system. It is ECHO expected that if you find a program of use, you will register with the ECHO author and send him a contribution. Your support will help to allow ECHO further and better software to be distributed in this way. ECHO Please also check the documentation of all programs for any special ECHO conditions of use given by the author. ECHO - PAUSE cls ECHO NOTE ECHO This file is not specific to this particular disk - it exists on all ECHO PDSL volumes, and thus it may not display all documentation files on ECHO this disk if non-standard names have been used. Please check the ECHO directory of the disk for any other document files which may have been ECHO missed by this batch file. ECHO - PAUSE IF NOT EXIST T.COM GOTO :END CLS ECHO PRESS ANY KEY TO START VIEWING TEXT/DOCUMENT FILES ON THIS DISK ECHO OR HIT CONTROL C TO EXIT. HIT ESC TO JUMP TO THE NEXT FILE WHEN VIEWING. PAUSE T -*.* T *.DOC T *.TXT T *.ME T *.MAN T *.FRM T *.WS :END EXIT toggle num on toggle cap on PUBMAINT /F:2/S:512 y,ͫCopyright (C) 1985 BORLAND IncW<3b/w display 80x25ePppO.' tC.PXuxn. &.&D.&&L"P3 .X.....4..>u.&D.&.ËËQYU]:tU>.j2]SQRUA>.j:u2]ZY[SQRUPXPXô2SQRU>.j]ZY[.mj..DU:t2]XPSQRVWU.:6ks .:js2]_^ZY[X//*2!*2[<w.kX t:r*Ā ش ]Uش ][> t?=wX;w X;sX; s [ZYS x ; w x;wU]ô _XZ[ [W ;~;+ãAs ~++ã£Ë+£A8 ~++£ã3+txAIQRZYËظ4;sau aCBBa$aÑ[_)PQYX%;u;&E&]P X[S>&(r3$ȋ."0>"t%s >.0&=st +%6&=T`njQRȋӋČӃ_3hZYwo 33SP&u&5njT&&E&E&E6.&<&D6&&<&DÑ[_[S& &Ur3$*,>"njsW&&]s6,6*&&\&D&D& &U&E&]<t&=&E&]& &U&"$&&]ȋӡ*,&E&]24nj4KVuQJt1&&\&L&T&&]24)&E&]3É>W3_3333>"t&=ČӃ3+r;sȋ[&&U[&=>>"$3>">u t% u"2 u & u>u<u|2XZPRURX< uh< u .:6kr[?<u :tOK<u2ER 2Z.:jr'.:6krR>.jZ2]>uL&t L9<uL1XXZPXZP 2=tt2tGU!]VQ6z|<t FFY^Yr^QV6z|9uFF^Y빋6z| t >FF3r@>z|3&b && 63~6 Sl= E M lCSQRWV2P:^_ZY[SQRWVL8U^.C t^] "_.u Ȏ+شJ.Dv.Dx..LQVX^Y@>^.D` t Z\>j.Dl t fhV3&&&2&rt & &rt~3`Zlfô0+ tú_ M  u  Not enough memory$Incorrect DOS version$ Program aborted $PZf3&&XruL6v=Px[. t53ҋ tSB[;t +NOJu^.;uPRV2 tGW t:t \t\GFF.FG u=_^Zr).B2Ί2Yr?Tr>늲V[RS L6[YSЊ t[+L3ҿ. 2G3.< t< uGI.< t< tGI+tCJuғÈ>[YXSQ#>[ZXEESPY>W2-+v G& :t󑻶CG&:t_&52>[GS38t08ur!>&r>38t->&ù@X62;vBF,>[ڋ_[ڋ+[Y_㑌[_^;sNO[XUPWSPحȭЭPP^XÜWU~ ë«XƫXثXX[];sòv;|;òh+r=r;ròI[XSLVtLi&<tÏ#3À>uÊ [XSRZ- u RR6~Zs^C User Break0w  I/O Run-time error , PC= Program aborted  yP[ËSQNJ݊2XXظbȸ6؉ y-C2'd 2+sut0C3?$ uCP0X0r% ru rsRZr2s tÊ-uCQYr -u=u-u[& 2A+^. 2A+Z62C6?:v6Ag[2+L6 G[262+ t'y6 A6 AGEtH 9uH -sH !vH wH rH Ë6 2G62Fڊ;v t u:ZYQ62F6 r&62+AV^NOAG&XrH62+v;v3҇6&[62D62G6 2F3+r@ tBQWV^_Yt@GJu3&[&  S>WPHB> >6%W[S>WPH u>lP[Xu6\26@6@[6:t22AG u tòp[Z Q t2uY **t2u[ 36Ñ[XS*r2A6sCËFF6| 6D"22$[22 ;tNOG3t5 @3}Hu u3 @_  Q# A# 6G" t3 6"t@ "2܊ȀË$;øu;u@ ;øu;uH    t3>  uދ:vއ׈$*Ȁ(r$߉> &!>"06#΀r 3Ҁr ߊ2 t u$#us^uTÆއ*s6!Ҁ u׊2,ruƀuu333À26! to tq233ҿG- u ߊ2s &Nuu͑ƀu tɑ26! u333 t*;u ;u:&r *&Nu -tOs*&r;u ;u:&ƀu uYr r[333s[É3Հ倈.!΀6>WVQY^_WVQY^_WVQY^_WVQY^_R3ZyRZƀtt:u t ;u;u: u33Ê yڸ u xy x3_Yڹ33 Sr!yEt*s2< r ЊRZ uy& < r [&ŀt-j t yYKy t.It@ux, uðE++ yٰ-/ s:  tF0CË]U u&00FF2uÊPR,MZXuQvYhìx-Sx9?+{Η@ uÀ΀QRSPYYYYs uÀ^_ZY[WVǀuπ*r< s t33øËڋ tǀuXSQR8[_S;ufv5W} _s&>8t &EEL&E&E"286&E$t&e&M>u>urtD&€t&E>8s&E&]&]&] tYB&33&Mr+s33QʋиB&Z&u&<tFBu B&`&E@&E&E&E&E Ï6&}u&U&+U t B&$@&3븏6&}@u!Ï6&E$u&&E&vt&>sù $QS.:t [YFCYY<:u.._CONTRMKBDLSTCAUXUSRINPOUTERR&=u-=8t<3ɲRU CZr&È<uÏ2Z4&>24&Eu&2f4&>24&E@u&22Z4&\WPX t_&2.~r~~62<t9<t5<tC<t+<t'<t5<tC< tE< r:tъ'C s'Cxi Ku묊< r&Cu t uR CCÊ&PX&>2>uu&E uh$u&]&;] r_&]&C&]?W<u;r C<uL8<uL@LD_&E&M &Eðô?&&M&U\s3&] u&@&]&] WSD[<t"&e< vC5tS)[< v&e?_r?tW&e_[&[St$r s&&Ý[S}tW:(_r[S32WSQY[< t<t&e_C&_&[S2WQzY< t<t &e__ [<t&e< t< uG< u&e>2>u?&Mu&]&C&]&;] t%PtttB:<>&M&+Mt@&&U&Ur;t t%<v I QxY[XSo[XSQWX+v S QPY[˻SQ@Y[CÒ[Y:EESQA[YS) u ) TRUEFALSECC6*v2S QY[62C t 6SQY[CZ[.2C .SQY[C  6&Et RZ:t<t< w t &e3@32286Q8Y>uQ Y>u&MÏ6@&3L6&EL>24&}u&8?8@[^S>uA>2&8&&Mr!;t#>8?u t&M+3à93ҏ_6&MʋиB&QRY[r;u;t[SD&{ u@ [SB&33`&MO[S[SB&33@PRB&331Y[PRӸB&"ZX&MI[Sht3۹!sË؋Ñ[_SM[_SJ8?8@Z^_P>Y>u ;t9&8?8@[XZ^_SQ _&&&}tO&}tR&eZ&8&Zs93&Mt3 t>8?u P+ʎ3X@Ï6AU  sÏ_6VU W_r־} ÏZ6 t(:u,Ar<s܀>t ;r÷9:6X6 uo@:\GXs3ۊ t FC&u&û|,3ۏ6ruBS=U Zr0ظB3 r$?|->ۋ&t~"!Wo /b H4}h-f UUFF~]UUF F~]]UUF2=,F2FF2FF 2-F F 2-F F2PF2YFF2-PF2Y-FF 2-PF 2Y-FF~]UUF2=|=~!F2䗊2ԊF2䗊24=|= ~'F2-2ԊF2-2]UUF2=t Iָg=tX/ָMe=tָ 3K=tո@l1=|= ~$ ո2Mո DҸո28]UULF2=t%PPF QᗁjY+FF2PF2{ݹߊF2PF =F QoߋF =|BPF عQᗁDY+}AFQ PyYItF]UUUvUL^6G2P^6G 2o^6G2P&ߋ^6G2P^6G 2-Y+}%AFQ2^6G2PgYItF^6G2PGދ^6G2P^6G2;^6G2Pދ^6G2P^6G 2-Y+}%AFQ^6G2P`YItF^6G2P@ދ^6G 2P^6G2-Y+}_AFQ^6G2PF2:^6G2Po݋^6G 2PF2g^6G2PGYItF]ÃPPPPѹL݊F2P4F2=t3FFFFFFFF=t3FFFFFFFF=t3FFFFFFFFs=t3FFFFFFFF8=t0FFFFFFFFF2=tF2PF 2PF 2PF2/ F2PF 2PF 2-PF2-}] UULLJ~/ۊF2PY;tCJ~ ۊF2Pb߈FF2= F2kFF2FF2FF2]UUs͊F2=tPPPPθPظθmo Installing Screen Colors for: "ܸ >"...N+ Pf;B ͻB 1 = Next Row Press "Q" or ENTER to proceed, Gz|B 2 = Text Color Numbers at left alter text color N+-B 3 = Text Cursor and cursors of text and blanks. B 4 = Blank Cursor   ZB ͹a >@B Bright, Regular Sample Bright Regular Text B mB Normal, Regular Sample Normal Regular Text tQSB %B Bright, Highlighted Sample Bright Highlighted Text B 1dfB Normal, Highlighted Sample Normal Highlighted Text 8B B Bright, Inverse Sample Bright Inverse Text DwyB K(*B Normal, Inverse Sample Normal Inverse Text B ͼW=tԸPPPPPPPPҹԸPGI! Installing Keyboard Setup for: "ָ"...' P?ԹgԸPQN ͻVN Edit. Q.0N Keys: ĴĴĴĴĴĴĴĴĴĶN # 1 ExzN ͹@N Edit. N Keys: ĴĴĴĴĴĴĴĴĴĶ4giN # 2 / N ͹~N Func. y#VXN Keys: ĴĴĴĴĴĴĴĴĴĶN # 1 mN ͹hEGN Func. N Keys: ĴĴĴĴĴĴĴĴĴĶ\N # 2 W46N ͼl=tDθPPPPPPPP˹θP( Installing Printer Configuration for: "ϸ+_"...oL P\ι͸P,.G ͻG Printer Installation: QG ĶS02G Automatic-Addition-of-Linefeeds Option: G Ŀ UG W46G G ͹YG Characters to Send to Printer to Initialize Printer: [8:G Ŀ G Decimal: ]G Ĵ _ <>G Character: G aG ͼc =tȸPPPPPPP{P_ƹȸPj% Installing Printer Font Codes for: "Aʸ"...ݸ PpȹȸPG ͻeBDG Characters to Send to Printer to Set Primary Font: G Ŀ gG Decimal: iFHG Ĵ G Character: kG mJLG ͹G Characters to Send to Printer to Set Secondary Font: oG Ŀ qNPG Decimal: G Ĵ sG Character: uRTG !G ͼw==t5øPPPPPPPP¸Pgi' Installing Work Area Size Limit for: "ĸ1"...Aظ PY.¹¸PkG ͻwG Ŀ y#VXG A. > < %G Ĵ {G B. > < }'Z\G )G ͼG Ŀ+^`G Notes & Suggestions for Above: -׿ G 胿G A: PC-LIT works best with a RAM disk, so to prevent errors /bdG resulting from "Disk Full", tell PC-LIT to warn you when 1۾G your files are about to fill up the Work Area on Disk... 臾G Enter the Number of K you will reserve for PC-LIT files. 3fhG 5߽G B: This value adjusts speaker volume (or on/off status)... 苽G 7]UUL~ Ǿ Pzuk~W~ 课֍~=t>~؍~0~Ǹu PF/SF/~貼AF/NF/F/2],UUUvU(Pۋ^6W^6G2P^^6W^6ｸ P$]UvU P^6W^6G2$踿^6W^6衽PP]UvU胻Pڋ^6l^6G]UvUNPڸ^6G]UvU^6G2^6G^6G2P^6謾Y; ]UvU^6G2-^6G^6G2=| 谺]UvU^6G芺^6G2=| ^6GP^6G2-^6A2= tHP^6G2䗋^6A2= uHY# u ^6G^6G2 uy]UvU^6G^6G2=| ^6GP^6G2-^6A2= tHP^6G2䗋^6A2= uHY# u ^6G^6G2 uy]UvU^6G 2-P^6G2YP^6G 2&P؋^6G2΋^6A2PPP׿JU΋^6q.^6G2^6G^6G2=tXJ΋^6;^6G2P荺I^6G^6G2=^6G2k^6G^6G2=t MdN=t 9:=t %A&=t =t= t = t ̷i= t 踷 =t 褷= |=~~^6G2 uS{PָP^6`Y+}+A^6GQ^6G2䗸 ^6AYIt ^6G^6G2W^6G2_^6A Paָ^6G^6G 2P^6G 2貴]̋^6Ƹ]ÃF2=YtHFF 2PF 2r蓶P}̍~}ʶFm F2P茻蘻蒻茻 膻 耻ztn>u~WF2_&~3W~ $3/$]ºUUUvU⵸PCՋ^6G2=-t +^6G -^6G]UvUUvvU苵PԸ^6G]UvvU^PԸ^6G]UvvU^6G2=| ^6G2-^6G]UvvU^6G2= ڴ7^6G2^6G]Ë^6W^6衶.P˷Ķ^6G2^6G^6G2=|1^6G2䗋^6A2= t^6G2^6GBP,Ӌ^6G 2P^6G2Y-P^6G 2^6G2ɋ^6A2PFﳸPҹ L)؋^6G^6G2=t w=t 謳=t_^6G2=|>至Pҋ^6W^6G2P轷 P^6WP IP =t 1 = t z= t =-t,^6G2 u  ٲP:=0|=9~^6G2=S^6G2= u 蚲Pы^6WPֶ^6G2P^6W_/^6G2W^6G2_^6A^6G2^6G &Pы^6W^60PY+~aI^6GQ^6G2䗋^6A2P- 0P9 ӷ4u^6W^6G2PYAt ^6O^6腳4=t^6W0P蓳^6Y^6W^6^6G=HP^6G^6;G|HY P^6G^6;GHY u?P^иP^6G^6;G|HY^6G޹ΰPT^6G^6G^6G2^6Gދ^6W^6荲跲^6G2^6GwPaϋ^6G 2P^6G 23ŋ^6G2P蕰>P(ŋ^6G,P ɸ Pg]Ã"FFF[㺸PP~CF=|-P~W˳+P~W跳FF 2PF 2~蟯Pō~艱ȸ PJ̯uF2P蔴蠴蚴蔴 莴 舴肴|vFu~WF2_&F;FFFF;F|FFFFF]UU~WɱŬ=W蕬$ӰP虰HY+}*AFQF2WF2䗊2_YItF.PX=)WAP.P2-蜱$SW..COM>$7W P$"=`INST-LIT耰um~W讫쯸P~貯aY+}(AFQF2WF2䗊C2._CYItF~w药RESETuPY+}(AFQF2WF2䗊C2-h_CYItF~ƯuW+]UUQUvU~WiJȸ0迶莶~g:au~W: k~W~?\FF~WB~~uiW~U詬iƿ蘬2PF 2Y;tHPi)Y u~WiAӵ~謵~襵迶u ~WPY+}>AFQi ƿ6~W~趭2PڮӭYItF~ 蓭P~肭-uyF~W~ŶT# PPY+}HAFQiſ茫^6W^6 2PDP=YItFiW~蜴EFP躨e:P~u7轴PF2PF2Y uS]F蘪Pɹ苪PPKPPPP[˸TbP3޿ < Scanning "2ø"PuiWĿiYNFWҷ PW4٩ɫ5,!~W諫Pի~蟫N=PtW臫蝫ҷ 謬P襫W4p`̫c\W@Pj\3=PtW1ҷ @P9W4`菲該 WԪP Ǫv=PtPY+}AQ2-W2C2-@荩_2-W2C2-@a_2-W2C2-@5_YItpW~ P(t(+PY+}`AQ2WAPP2YYC2PBPP2YYC2Y裨_YItW P詩F2PY;tW\ P肪{PY+}HAQ2 ᗁW\2  P w .YItW\稸-P$P$P$Y+}9AQ2W2䗊2-@P2Y+_YItPY+}NAQ2ᗁW \ PP2YYP贩kYItPY+}AQ2W2䗊+2-@P2Y+_+2W2䗊B2-@P2Y+_B2W2䗊Y2-@P2Y+_YYIt|V2PW2YpX2PY2YrZ2P莪A蚪P蔪du Z2tDt POY+},AQ2P2䗊 2Y3YItIF2P[2Y;tHP2PF2Y;tHY# uFF2 uFFPPPPNiȾ٤F2]UULPAbPL1ܹ޽Skip to Next Section... 臤F2 u讹谽Y o 蟹衽N ` P膹?PC죸PMÿJH~h%F2 u/F2P꨸Nnu FF,F2P軨YǨy葩u FFP<]PG,F2 ]UUi Sample Bright Regular Text Sample Normal Regular TextSample Bright Highlighted TextSample Normal Highlighted Text Sample Bright Inverse Text Sample Normal Inverse TextUvUZhPPF2Y -طF2P蓢CPPF2Y 谷F2Pk螷 PٺF2䗊2P⺸:P輺F2䗊2Pź:P蟺F2䗊2P診蓔F2䗊2蕕F2䗊2蚕"PPF2Y _F2Ǖlk迺踡F2䗊2?F2䗊2D1PPF2Y F2詶.l2Pb;PPF2Y ԞF2t.l2P諹-]"ʠPō~W楸 Q쥸Y楸qॸyڥ PY+}&AFQ|F2P P PYItFFUF2P>P<PJ觵~Ƿ脠-F2P P PF2=1tF2F=2t%F2WF2䗊2_W=3t%F2WF2䗊2_*=4t"F2WF2䗊2_F2P~ as4u$VF2P>P<P?P蠾F2P~ #5u]UUm ( Up Move to Prior Field if Possible (Down Move to Next Field if Possible (Left Move Left One Character (Right Move Right One Character ( Ins Insert a Blank Space ( Del Delete Current Character (Undo Erase Data if possible (Bksp Backspace-erase ( ^Rt Move Right One Word (Line Use for Return/Enter if needed (Home Beginning of Line ( End End of Line (Enter Enter or Return (predefined) (PgUP Move to Top Item if Possible (PgDN Move to Last Item if Possible ( ^Lt Move Left One Word ( ^Up Move to Top Item if Possible ( ^Dn Move to Last Item if Possible (Redo Restore Default if possible (Null not used in this program/version ( F-1 < Add New Article Description > ( F-2 < Find Article Description(s) > ( F-3 < Edit Article Description > ( F-4 < View Article Description(s) > ( F-5 < View Index Term(s) > ( F-6 < Edit/Trace Index Term(s) > ( F-7 < Change/Remove Index Term > ( F-8 < Create Crossreference Term > ( F-9 < Display Help Screen > (F-1O < Quit and Return to MS-DOS > (SF-1 - reserved for future versions - (SF-2 - reserved for future versions - (SF-3 < Quick Edit for Comments > (SF-4 - reserved for future versions - (SF-5 - reserved for future versions - (SF-6 - reserved for future versions - (SF-7 - reserved for future versions - (SF-8 < Stand-alone Keyword Creation > (SF-9 < Sort/Optimize Index Terms > (SF-1O - reserved for future versions - UvU PPF2- YYPPPF2- YY:[F2PCF2䗊2PY;t9F2=t &P裭@PްF2PT脭F2䗊2PҰ8 PPF2- YYPPPF2- YY胕.F2)ᗁǖp菙PٰҗF2=tV PCdPNAbove Key Action: F2)ᗁǖp,P#蕚vo]UvU PؔPȉ^6GF2=tJ\^3Press Desired Function Key or [Esc/Ctrl/Alt]+Key...언^6G=tq Key "^6G2P6踖P6" [^6G2P+̯$] Cannot be Assigned; press ENTER...iM=tE葫蓯$Press "Y" to Cancel Previous Use of ^6G2P躮[...F2= 赕P]薕PgP(Y+}"AFQ tF2PPYItF WLP4uF <P F2= tF F2PPeF2 u PJY~y6F2P  F2՚uF2PF2Y;tF2W_F2PY;tJ~˔F2䗊2FFF2-PY+~2IFQF2䗊2PF2Y;tF2FYAtNF2=HPF2PY;uHY# u 铸PJE~e"F2PYyəuQF2W_ 蟓F2PPF2WF2_ {F2PPF2F/F2WF2_ IF2PPF2F (P J脨~褪auJk~苪HF2=(FP(Y+}[AFQF2 u@F2䗊2PY;t'F2Pɗ՗ ϗ ɗ×蓘FYItF PEB P85 VLF2Pu]UUUvU'F2P^6G2P PP^6G2=tHYY+l^6G2 W^6G2_2P褪 賑F2P蛰^6G2PPP^6G2=tHYY+M^6G2 W^6G2_2=|=~=|=~ =|=~2赦^6G2 W^6G2_2PSh=t{}ESC;P= |=~~C^"P虩^6G2 W^6G2_2Pp"Pf]UvU|F2Pd^6G2=tM P 1ܥީ6 Characters to Send to Printer to Initialize Printer: i=tM P܍臥艩6 Characters to Send to Printer to Set Primary Font: R=tJ P 臍246 Characters to Send to Printer to Set Secondary Font: 迏]UvU^6G2PY;t[J覤^6¦^6G2PВ^6G^6G2=^6G2k^6G^6G2^6G^6G2=t=t= t =t=t^6G2=tH^6G=t=t7^6G2=^6G2-^6G ]P辭=t7^6G2= |^6G2^6G PE= t ^6G0= t ^6G= t^6G2^6G]UvU^6G2 u ^6G2 uJ^6؍ ^6G^6G2P蘒0P9角pu^6G2 W^6G2_2PP^6h^6G2= t 0^6G^6WPO^6W^6^6G2P^6迎^6W^6f^6G= 0^6G^6臎^6W^6.^6G2 W^6G2_W^6G_ FP觫 9^6G2=tHP^6G2=tHP^6G2P( 4 .u= ㋸PP^6G2P Y;t^6G2^6G ^6GO^6G2 W^6G2_W^6G2_ nPP*^6G2^6G]à P Y+} AFQ +PPYItFF2=t<FP Y+} AFQ 芸PPYItFF NJP2 躊LP84u"FF虊P胩Pa 2Up & Down Arrows Select Numeric or Direct Input...蝊F @F2=tHPF2=tHPJ|~蜡Y PPF2=|=~ ߉w= |=~ ƉF2= j谉P蚨Pxu| 薉LPu 胉P]UUUvU<P/^6G2 u7ʞ̢ ON芉P賞赢 chr(13) + chr(10) c4蓞蕢OFFSPц|~ chr(13) ,]LLƊ Puu FF覈P萧Pn Printer Installation: ňnPXP6&Spacebar to Change; ENTER to Accept...~'J臝~觟dF2P5 AY;y54uF2=tHFׇhF2P YyƍuW PɉF2 uW肉 P訊衉qP[P9 Printer Installation: 萇9P#Py]UUP⫹P]UUUvUԆF2P輥PPPF2YY芄F2=t5(*(Enter Number of K Available for Files...Æ:=t2(Enter Zero(s) for Silent Mode... 膆<PPPF2YY蟛 PڞF2^6AP P躞<]مP說FPY+}+AFQF2WF2衆_CYItFPF2Y+}"AFQ tF2PPYItF WLP4u#F <(c) Copyright 1986 by Andrew Johnstone. All Rights Reserved.]UU]UUGGP1P u跗蹛)Press "N" to Cancel Writing Defaults to "K"...u.&D.&.ËËQYU]:tU>.j2]SQRUA>.j:u2]ZY[SQRUPXPXô2SQRU>.j]ZY[.mj..DU:t2]XPSQRVWU.:6ks .:js2]_^ZY[X//*2!*2[<w.kX t:r*Ā ش ]Uش ][> t?=wX;w X;sX; s [ZYS x ; w x;wU]ô _XZ[ [W ;~;+ãAs ~++ã£Ë+£A8 ~++£ã3+txAIQRZYËظ4;sau aCBBa$aÑ[_)PQYX%;u;&E&]P X[S>&(r3$ȋ."0>"t%s >.0&=st +%6&=T`njQRȋӋČӃ_3hZYwo 33SP&u&5njT&&E&E&E6.&<&D6&&<&DÑ[_[S& &Ur3$*,>"njsW&&]s6,6*&&\&D&D& &U&E&]<t&=&E&]& &U&"$&&]ȋӡ*,&E&]24nj4KVuQJt1&&\&L&T&&]24)&E&]3É>W3_3333>"t&=ČӃ3+r;sȋ[&&U[&=>>"$3>">u t% u"2 u & u>u<u|2XZPRURX< uh< u .:6kr[?<u :tOK<u2ER 2Z.:jr'.:6krR>.jZ2]>uL&t L9<uL1XXZPXZP 2=tt2tGU!]VQ6z|<t FFY^Yr^QV6z|9uFF^Y빋6z| t >FF3r@>z|3&b && 63~6 Sl= E M lCSQRWV2P:^_ZY[SQRWVL8U^.C t^] "_.u Ȏ+شJ.Dv.Dx..LQVX^Y@>^.D` t Z\>j.Dl t fhV3&&&2&rt & &rt~3`Zlfô0+ tú_ M  u  Not enough memory$Incorrect DOS version$ Program aborted $PZf3&&XruL6v=Px[. t53ҋ tSB[;t +NOJu^.;uPRV2 tGW t:t \t\GFF.FG u=_^Zr).B2Ί2Yr?Tr>늲V[RS L6[YSЊ t[+L3ҿ. 2G3.< t< uGI.< t< tGI+tCJuғÈ>[YXSQ#>[ZXEESPY>W2-+v G& :t󑻶CG&:t_&52>[GS38t08ur!>&r>38t->&ù@X62;vBF,>[ڋ_[ڋ+[Y_㑌[_^;sNO[XUPWSPحȭЭPP^XÜWU~ ë«XƫXثXX[];sòv;|;òh+r=r;ròI[XSLVtLi&<tÏ#3À>uÊ [XSRZ- u RR6~Zs^C User Break0w  I/O Run-time error , PC= Program aborted  yP[ËSQNJ݊2XXظbȸ6؉ y-C2'd 2+sut0C3?$ uCP0X0r% ru rsRZr2s tÊ-uCQYr -u=u-u[& 2A+^. 2A+Z62C6?:v6Ag[2+L6 G[262+ t'y6 A6 AGEtH 9uH -sH !vH wH rH Ë6 2G62Fڊ;v t u:ZYQ62F6 r&62+AV^NOAG&XrH62+v;v3҇6&[62D62G6 2F3+r@ tBQWV^_Yt@GJu3&[&  S>WPHB> >6%W[S>WPH u>lP[Xu6\26@6@[6:t22AG u tòp[Z Q t2uY **t2u[ 36Ñ[XS*r2A6sCËFF6| 6D"22$[22 ;tNOG3t5 @3}Hu u3 @_  Q# A# 6G" t3 6"t@ "2܊ȀË$;øu;u@ ;øu;uH    t3>  uދ:vއ׈$*Ȁ(r$߉> &!>"06#΀r 3Ҁr ߊ2 t u$#us^uTÆއ*s6!Ҁ u׊2,ruƀuu333À26! to tq233ҿG- u ߊ2s &Nuu͑ƀu tɑ26! u333 t*;u ;u:&r *&Nu -tOs*&r;u ;u:&ƀu uYr r[333s[É3Հ倈.!΀6>WVQY^_WVQY^_WVQY^_WVQY^_R3ZyRZƀtt:u t ;u;u: u33Ê yڸ u xy x3_Yڹ33 Sr!yEt*s2< r ЊRZ uy& < r [&ŀt-j t yYKy t.It@ux, uðE++ yٰ-/ s:  tF0CË]U u&00FF2uÊPR,MZXuQvYhìx-Sx9?+{Η@ uÀ΀QRSPYYYYs uÀ^_ZY[WVǀuπ*r< s t33øËڋ tǀuXSQR8[_S;ufv5W} _s&>8t &EEL&E&E"286&E$t&e&M>u>urtD&€t&E>8s&E&]&]&] tYB&33&Mr+s33QʋиB&Z&u&<tFBu B&`&E@&E&E&E&E Ï6&}u&U&+U t B&$@&3븏6&}@u!Ï6&E$u&&E&vt&>sù $QS.:t [YFCYY<:u.._CONTRMKBDLSTCAUXUSRINPOUTERR&=u-=8t<3ɲRU CZr&È<uÏ2Z4&>24&Eu&2f4&>24&E@u&22Z4&\WPX t_&2.~r~~62<t9<t5<tC<t+<t'<t5<tC< tE< r:tъ'C s'Cxi Ku묊< r&Cu t uR CCÊ&PX&>2>uu&E uh$u&]&;] r_&]&C&]?W<u;r C<uL8<uL@LD_&E&M &Eðô?&&M&U\s3&] u&@&]&] WSD[<t"&e< vC5tS)[< v&e?_r?tW&e_[&[St$r s&&Ý[S}tW:(_r[S32WSQY[< t<t&e_C&_&[S2WQzY< t<t &e__ [<t&e< t< uG< u&e>2>u?&Mu&]&C&]&;] t%PtttB:<>&M&+Mt@&&U&Ur;t t%<v I QxY[XSo[XSQWX+v S QPY[˻SQ@Y[CÒ[Y:EESQA[YS) u ) TRUEFALSECC6*v2S QY[62C t 6SQY[CZ[.2C .SQY[C  6&Et RZ:t<t< w t &e3@32286Q8Y>uQ Y>u&MÏ6@&3L6&EL>24&}u&8?8@[^S>uA>2&8&&Mr!;t#>8?u t&M+3à93ҏ_6&MʋиB&QRY[r;u;t[SD&{ u@ [SB&33`&MO[S[SB&33@PRB&331Y[PRӸB&"ZX&MI[Sht3۹!sË؋Ñ[_SM[_SJ8?8@Z^_P>Y>u ;t9&8?8@[XZ^_SQ _&&&}tO&}tR&eZ&8&Zs93&Mt3 t>8?u P+ʎ3X@Ï6AU  sÏ_6VU W_r־} ÏZ6 t(:u,Ar<s܀>t ;r÷9:6X6 uo@:\GXs3ۊ t FC&u&û|,3ۏ6ruBS=U Zr0ظB3 r$?|->ۋ&t~"!Wk4ʜ-> (c) Copyright 1986 by Andrew Johnstone; All Rights Reserved. 5Ȅׄ؄҄̄ɓȄ5؄ʄք݄҄ׄ5ӄɓ؄ܐȄń؄ג-ȟɄӄ؄Ʉׅ0 $   @-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- end of listing -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --@ * * * * * * * listing interrupted! * * * * * * * @----------------------------------------------------------------UU~WPҷ OJOJ@@@@GFGF@@FGFGHPKMRStGOIQsv;<=>?@ABCDTUVWXYZ[\] P፾\WwPҷ C!!lQ_ք҄en¶úw|{~ֱP7፾ WPҷ gqrstuvsvuyexmqo~stuvfxmpvwPP POY+},A Q 2P 2䗊 2Y3 YIt 2P[2Y;tHP 2PF2Y;tHY# uFPY+}A Q 2-W 2C2-@_ 2-W 2C2-@_ 2-W 2C2-@_YIt yW~߸P((߸PY+}`A Q 2WAPP 2YYC2PBPP 2YYC2Y_YIt W PߊF2PY;t W ޸ P߱޸PY+}HA Q 2 ᗁW\ފ 2  P ߱ YIt 5W\\޸-P$߱$|޸P$Y+}9A Q 2W 2䗊52-@P 2Y+_5YIt PY+}NA Q 2ᗁCW ݸ PP 2YYP)߱YIt PY+}A Q 2W 2䗊Z2-@P 2Y+_Z 2W 2䗊q2-@P 2Y+_q 2W 2䗊2-@P 2Y+_YIt |V2PW2YX2PY2YZ2PAP u Z2䢣PFF2 ]UUFF~5]UUF F~ ]UUF2=|=~!F2䗊2 ΊF2䗊24=|= ~'F2-2͊F2-2]UU=uPF2=tXvϸ1=t\ϸz=tBϸ`]UUPF2+(̊F2=t(P~2ܹY+FF2PF2~ ۸^W]UUULֈFuJJ~j'F2 ]UUPPPPf̊F2PF2Y;PF2PPPF2<]UUP?ֹ`ظP/˸(P~F۹Y+P~(ڸ|uع ظPPP ظPXʹ ׸PP/]1UUn-PՋF=tKM ADD =t13 FIND=t EDIT=t VIEW=t LIST=t EDITe=t SUBSmK=t CREFS1= t{} HELP9= tac QUIT]UU.-* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *Lȹ7 MAIN MENU0P@ P&5NظPٸ! ָP Ver cظm Ser PSֹոPPӠ2=Pt!bd to Register: AC Registered to: ոPn PT5|׸Pظ P3ո:P3 written by: չ5ոPPY+}AAFQ:PPF2YҊF2Cָ?8YItFPWY ԸPz%' ԸPH ԸP fԸP 4Ԡ2=PtP PR* * 9ո = * *ӸPY+}AAFQP PF2YZъF26ǰ-fոYItFP'* * 97ո * *|WP 9ոc\ӸP 迈.ԸF?ӸP h9Ը)"Ӹ PKM Current Fileset: >ҹҸPV! 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END SESSION:%`%7%'VERIFYING FILES0'M[y%'"Checking Files for Logical Errors:P'PPK[=%N'/0 Keywords Conversions Appropriate and VerifiedPq'PPK[$';0 Articles Contain 0 Packed & Proper Keyword CitationsP'PP@K[$&70 Index Term Entries Acceptable and Sorted SequentiallyP&PPJ[N$_&:Keyword File Has: 0 Active Keywords cited 0 timesPw&P PJ[# &0 Unused KeywordsPL&P PpJ[#%0 Erased KeywordsP!&P PEJ[#%0 Active CrossreferencesP%P PJ[r#%0 Erased CrossreferencesP%P PI[@#Q%0 Total EntriesP%PPIFFFFFFFFF~W:.,~W,.,P Y+}AFQ "FPYItFdW$4> Analysis Reveals No Logical Errors in Your Files < "<-Pa"Y;u !PFF !P@`WIYu= t cjp= tO FLPYuI= t( LPXu"= tU¹ LPXu=tD LPXu=t LPgXu=t LP@Xu=te \LPXu_=t2> 5LPWu8=t `($=tm LPWur2 u T'PPPKT(PPPJT)PPPJ@-16Not Properly Installed; Run "INST-LIT PC-LIT RESET"...G<3 ¿ ******* ****** ** *** *** ** ** *** *** ** *** *** **** **** **** ***** ******* *** *** ** *** *** ** ** * ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **** *** ** ** * ** ** ** **** **** ** *** ** ** * ** ** ** ** ** ** ** *** **** **** **** ****** ******* *** *** ** *** ** *** ** The Publication Index System for **** ****** IBM Personal Computers and Compatibles Ŀ Ĵ PUBLICATION DATA BASE Copyright 1987 Jerry Robison MZ Wa)@EPq|bm:@ @ @ @ V ` UN>3>3>5>1>!` P>޻B P߾n ͚7F ͠ӻ>'=+#t+F ͠>B>DB ͙n F ͪF ͨr v>"J v ͦN J ͦn ͚!=$R ͌=$R ͍tn F ͪF ͨN vѻ>33>3>5>1>>ڋ. +=r^_+бҋWV-P@X .  _^&VW_^[VW67 d PCLOGO.DTA0@:&>W  3_ ! t= ! t0 !"" !>#u$$,@t<wբ 3; = @( ! '! %; (  J+С Љ +֋܃;s3Ҵ!  '!) u& ; (  !> t"' ! ui>  Ŏ&- u[. ݹ3ع+33ь+ȁv3  !3P Error in EXE file $ Program too large $ Cannot find A:BASRUN.EXE Enter new drive letter: $BASRUN EXEA PCWORLD MAGAZINE SEPT.-878709 A" SEE BEYOND BOTTOM LINESOFTWARE SHELF XEROX VENTURA PUBLISHER fNACE PROS:PROFESSIONAL GRADE TYPOGRAPHIC CAPABILITIES CONS:NO UNDO OR HELP CAPABILITIES;CAN'T STRETCH OR ROTATE TEXT. A" SEE BEYOND BOTTOM LINESOFTWARE SHELF TRUE BASIC 2.0 hCOVINGTON PROS:ELEGANT,SYSTEMATIC LANGUAGE:POWERFUL ARITHMETIC & GRAPHIC CAPABILITIES. CONS:NOT COMPATIBLE WITH IBM BASIC. A" SEE BEYOND BOTTOM LINEGETTING STARTED WORKSHEETS BY DESIGN URSCHEL BEGINNER'S GUIDE PROVIDES TIPS FOR CREATING A WORKSHEET THATS MANAGEABLE, ACCURATE, AND EASY TO USE. BUILD SPREADSHEETS USING A VERTICAL, FOUR-BLOCK STRUCTURE. A" SEE BEYOND BOTTOM LINEGETTING STARTED LASER-PERFECT BLODGETT "WORDPERFECT 4.2" HAS IMPROVED SUPPORT OF LASERJET PLUS PRINTER. CREATE FILE THAT DOWNLOADS SOFT FONTS INTO LASERJET PLUS, 500 PLUS, AND SERIES II PRINTERS. A" SEE BEYOND BOTTOM LINECOMMUNITY DOS AMIGOS GREENBERG COMPAQ'S ROD CANION & TANDY'S JOHN ROACHCOMPADRES IN COMPATIBILITY, PONDER LIFE IN A PS/S-AND OS/2 WORLD. NOT HAPPY WITH IBM'S NEW APPROACH. A" SEE BEYOND BOTTOM LINECOMMUNITY THE KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERS BENDER SOFTWARE DESIGNERS LEARN THAT THE WAY TO GREAT EXPERT SYSTEMS IS BY GETTING TO KNOW THE LOCAL EXPERT. (HUMAN) A" SEE BEYOND BOTTOM LINEREVIEW NEWVIEWS BREAKS THE RULES RUNDGREN Q.W.PAGE'S "NEWVIEWS" - ALL-IN-ONE ACCOUNTING PROGRAM COMBINES SPREADSHEET & AUDIT TRAIL CAPABILITIES. BE PREPARED FOR SOME SERIOUS MENTAL RETOOLING. A" SEE BEYOND BOTTOM LINEREVIEW MAGICAL MULTISCAN BYERS MULTISCAN MONITOR FROM NEC,SONY,JVC,TAXAN,MAGNAVOX,THOMSON,OR NANAO, YOU CAN KEEP UP WITH NEW GRAPHISC STANDARDS WITHOUTBREAKING THE BANK. A" SEE BEYOND BOTTOM LINEREVIEW CACHE ON DEMAND? MORRISON THE CACHING SOFTWARE -FLASH,LIGHTING,POLYBOOST,QUICKCACHE,SUPER PC-KWIK, AND VCACHE- CAN SPEED UP SLOW APPLICATIONS, BUTTHE SITUATION HAS TO BE JUST RIGHT. A" SEE BEYOND BOTTOM LINESTATE OF THE ART ROUTINES FOR RENT KELLER API'S HELP DEVELOPERS BUILD NEW ADD-ONS FOR STURDY OLD APPLICATIONS. A" SEE BEYOND BOTTOM LINEHANDS ON FROM LEDGER TO SPREADSHEET RUNDGREN HOW TO GET MORE FLEXIBILITY FROM EASYBUSINESS SYSTEMS' "INVENTORY CONTROL" USINGDOS EXPORTS AND A 1-2-3 TEMPLATE. A" SEE BEYOND BOTTOM LINEHANDS ON UP FROM WORDSTAR BEINHORN WITH THESE MACROS, "WORDSTAR" VETS CAN BOTH SPEED UP "WORD" AND "WORDPERFECT" AND MAKE THEMSELVES FEEL AT HOME. I I Ŀ PUBLICATION INDEX SYSTEM COPYRIGHT 1987 JERRY ROBISON This program is offered "AS IS" without warranty of any kind. The entire risk as to the quality and performance of this program is yours. A one-time registration fee will entitle you to the use of this program. You will also be eligible to receive notification of program updates and new program versions. Please send your registration fee of $22.00, along with your name and address to: Jerry W. Robison Route 1, Box 175 Breckenridge, Tx 76024 Phone 817 559-5667 PUBLICATION HELP --- KEY FUNCTIONS --- = Escape........Returns to Master Publication Menu. <^> = Field Back....Returns cursor to prior field. = Record Back...Returns to prior record on (Y/N)?'s = Help Key......Available for most input fields. = Field Advance.Advances to next input field. = Update Default..Retains original field information. GENERAL ----------------------------------------------------------- It is a good practice to BACKUP your PUBLICATION PROGRAM diskette, and store in a safe place. See DISKCOPY in DOS Reference Manual. ALWAYS, ALWAYS..backup your Publication Data files. All your hard work (data input) could be lost by deleting the file by mistake or a defective disk/diskette that cannot be read. Follow the DOS Reference Manual instructions for "Backing Up Files". FILE NAMING ----------------------------------------------------------- Follow the "filename" specifications outlined in your BASIC Reference Manual when CREATING your Publication Files. The extension ".PUB" is appended to your file name by the program. Extension ".BAK" is also RESERVED by the program, and SHOULD NOT be used. PUBLICATION MENU Ŀ File opened : Records used: 0 Title of file : Max # records: 0 1. UPDATE a record 6. LOAD a data file 2. ADD a record 7. EXPAND/REORG. a data file 3. DELETE a record 8. MERGE a data file 4. DISPLAY a record 9. GO TO Inquiry Menu 5. CREATE a new data file 10. HELP information 11. Exit Your Selection: __ 1. This screen is the MASTER menu for the Publication Index System. 2. Selections 1-8 are used to maintain your publication indexes. 3. Option 9 takes you to a second menu, used to make index inquiries. 4. Option 10 offers you helpful information about the many functions of your index system. 5. Option 11 will exit the program. Option 5 - CREATE a new data file Ŀ Enter name of file to be CREATED (ESC to exit): PCW1987____ (Enter) CAUTION: Do not use [.BAK] extension Total number of RECORDS for this file = 100__ TITLE of publication = PC WORLD MAGAZINE_______________ 1. This screen is used to create a file to store publication index information. A UNIQUE file name must be used to identify your data and should be easily recognizable (i.e. PCW1987 to identify PC World magazine for 1987). 2. IMPORTANT: Do not append file extension ".BAK" to your file name. This extension is RESERVED for your Backup file copies created in Option 7 (File Expansion/Reorg.). If no extension is specified, ".PUB" will be appended. 3. In the above example 100 indexes will be reserved for the PCW1987 data file. You can increase or decrease using Option - 7. 4. Enter the publication name in the field provided. Option 2 PUBLICATION ADD Ŀ File opened: PCW1984.PUB Records used: 1 Title of file: PC WORLD MAGAZINE Max # Records: 100 *Date (YYMM) 8401 *Volume: 001 *Number: 03 *Cover Theme: ROBOTICS *Section: HELP SCREEN Page: 013 Topic: YOUR HELPFUL PERSONAL ROBOT Author's Last Name: ROBISON Description: INTRODUCTION TO THREE NEW PC ROBOTS ....Line 2 : CURRENTLY AVAILABLE. HANDY DANDY (IBM) ....Line 3 : TOPSY TURVY (TOPSY INC.), MITSY BITSY ....Line 4 : MITSY INC.--ALSO 3 LAWS OF ROBOTICS Do you want to ADD this record? (Y/N) __ 1. *Fields above will automatically duplicate on next add entry. Just press to record these fields. 2. Use the description lines wisely, but if additional information is required--just add another entry with same fields thru AUTHOR, then add more description. 3. Answer the ADD question (Y=Yes) to add the index entry. A (N=No) response will return you to the MASTER MENU. Option 1 PUBLICATION UPDATE Ŀ Date (YYMM): 8401 <----- Initial Month Selected for CHANGE 1. Enter search YEAR/MONTH requiring the update. Ŀ *Date (YYMM) 8401 *Volume: 001 *Number: 03 *Cover Theme: ROBOTICS *Section: HELP SCREEN Page: 013 Topic: YOUR HELPFUL PERSONAL ROBOT Author's Last Name: ROBISON Description: INTRODUCTION TO THREE NEW PC ROBOTS ....Line 2 : CURRENTLY AVAILABLE. HANDY DANDY (IBM) ....Line 3 : TOPSY TURVY (TOPSY INC.), MITSY BITSY ....Line 4 : MITSY INC.--ALSO 3 LAWS OF ROBOTICS Do you want to CHANGE this record? (Y/N) Y__ 2. If the index to be changed is displayed, enter (Y=Yes) to CHANGE, then make the desired changes. If you answer (N=No) - NO CHANGES are made -- the next index in (8401) will be displayed. Press key to return to MASTER MENU. Option 3 PUBLICATION DELETE Ŀ Date (YYMM): 8401 <----- Initial Month Selected for DELETE 1. Enter search YEAR/MONTH with indexes to be deleted. Ŀ *Date (YYMM) 8401 *Volume: 001 *Number: 03 *Cover Theme: ROBOTICS *Section: HELP SCREEN Page: 013 Topic: YOUR HELPFUL PERSONAL ROBOT Author's Last Name: ROBISON Description: INTRODUCTION TO THREE NEW PC ROBOTS ....Line 2 : CURRENTLY AVAILABLE. HANDY DANDY (IBM) ....Line 3 : TOPSY TURVY (TOPSY INC.), MITSY BITSY ....Line 4 : MITSY INC.--ALSO 3 LAWS OF ROBOTICS Status: A Do you want to DELETE this record? (Y/N) Y__ 2. If the index to be deleted is displayed, enter (Y=Yes) to DELETE. The index will be "marked" for deletion (Status changed to D). If you answer (N=No) - NO DELETE is made and the next index in (8401) will be displayed. Press to return to MASTER MENU. Option 4 PUBLICATION DISPLAY Ŀ Record Number: 0002 <----- Enter starting record number. 1. Enter search record---Indexes are displayed as entered. Ŀ *Date (YYMM) 8401 *Volume: 001 *Number: 03 *Cover Theme: ROBOTICS *Section: HELP SCREEN Page: 013 Topic: YOUR HELPFUL PERSONAL ROBOT Author's Last Name: ROBISON Description: INTRODUCTION TO THREE NEW PC ROBOTS ....Line 2 : CURRENTLY AVAILABLE. HANDY DANDY (IBM) ....Line 3 : TOPSY TURVY (TOPSY INC.), MITSY BITSY ....Line 4 : MITSY INC.--ALSO 3 LAWS OF ROBOTICS Status: A Do you want to DISPLAY next record? (Y/N) Y__ 2. Press (Y=Yes) to display next record. A (N=No) response returns to initial record search prompt. Note: record 1 is reserved and cannot be displayed. If 1 is selected, the screen will default to record 2. Press to return to MASTER MENU. Option 6 LOAD A DATA FILE Ŀ PCW1984.PUB PCW1985.PUB PCW1986.PUB PCW1987.PUB ........... ........... ........... ........... Enter name of file to be LOADED from disk (Esc) to exit): PCW1984 1. This LOAD prompt is used to select your publication data file. After creating your publication file (Option 5), you can "re-load" the file for any maintenance or inquiry. A file directory for diskette drive A: or B: can be displayed by entering the device (A: or B:) in response to the file prompt. 2. It is important to remember to create your publication files with a UNIQUE name that is easily recognizable from the directory display. 3. After entering the desired file name...the program will present the MASTER MENU. Option 7 EXPAND AND/OR REORGANIZE Ŀ Change publication title or ENTER: PC WORLD MAGAZINE - 1984___ Records to EXPAND PCW1984.PUB (Esc to exit): 0025 To REORGANIZE month enter Year/Month (YYMM): 8401 PCW1984.BAK used as work area...or Enter override device: ___ This EXPAND/REORG. screen is used to expand (or reduce) the size of your publication index file and optionally sort indexes (page number order within month) for selected month. 1. Enter revised publication title or press to leave the same. 2. Enter the number of "Blank" indexes to expand or reduce (-XX) from your publication file. This option is used when you need additional room to enter more indexes. 3. Enter (YYMM) Year/Month you wish reorganized (sorted and deleted records dropped). If no year/month indicated the file will not be reorganized. 4. Note: an additional work file (i.e. PCW1984.BAK) is assigned when REORGANIZATION is requested. If you want this BACKUP file copied to a diskette....enter (A: or B:) as the override device. Option 8 MERGE FILE Ŀ File opened : Q381987.PUB Records used : 19 Title of file : Q/38 TECH JOURNAL Max # Records : 19 (Default Drive A) 8 -- MERGE a data file 1. Load Base file you want records merged into, then select option 8. Ŀ Enter name of file to be MERGED from disk (ESC to exit): B:Q381987__ 2. Select the MERGE file to copy into the BASE file. Ŀ Merge-B:Q381987.PUB ... Q38 SUBSCRIPTION UPDATE 1/87-3/87 Into -Q381987.PUB ... Q/38 TECH JOURNAL Do you want to merge information per above? (Y/N) Y_ 3. Answer Y=(Yes) if merge information is correct. 4. If Merge "Y" (Yes) is selected the program will reserve the necessary index records in the BASE file, then copy MERGE index records into the BASE file. 5. If you receive Subscription Updates--you can easily merge the updates into your Index Base Files. Option 9 PUBLICATION INQUIRY MENU Ŀ 1. -- DATE sequence 2. -- VOLUME/NUMBER sequence 3. -- PARTIAL TOPIC sequence 4. -- PARTIAL DESCRIPTION sequence 5. -- AUTHOR sequence 6. -- SECTION sequence 7. -- RETURN to Master Menu Your Selection: _1_ 1. Select desired option...(DATE in this example) .... DATE SEARCH Ŀ Selection Date (YYMM): 8401 Do you want a printed report? (Y/N) Y Do you want screen display? (Y/N) Y 2. Enter index search information... (see next screen for results) Option 1 PUBLICATION DISPLAY DATE SEQUENCE Ŀ *Date (YYMM) 8401 *Volume: 001 *Number: 03 *Cover Theme: ROBOTICS *Section: HELP SCREEN Page: 013 Topic: YOUR HELPFUL PERSONAL ROBOT Author's Last Name: ROBISON Description: INTRODUCTION TO THREE NEW PC ROBOTS ....Line 2 : CURRENTLY AVAILABLE. HANDY DANDY (IBM) ....Line 3 : TOPSY TURVY (TOPSY INC.), MITSY BITSY ....Line 4 : MITSY INC.--ALSO 3 LAWS OF ROBOTICS Status : A (A=Active, D=Delete) Record 2 Search Date: 8401 Strike any key to continue.....(Esc to exit) 1. Inquiry by date example..... result from previous screen inquiry. 2. A printed report would have been prepared. Option 5 CREATE (SPECIAL USE) DELETE A FILE Ŀ Enter Name of file to be created (Esc to exit): PCW1984_______ PCW1984 ALREADY EXISTS. Do you want to erase? (Y/N) _Y_ 1. The above screen can be used to DELETE an unwanted data file. DO NOT use this procedure to delete individual indexes. This procedure will delete the publication file entirely. <<<<< USE WITH CAUTION >>>>> 2. A (Y=Yes) answer to the erase question will erase the file. 3. Press (Esc) key to return to MASTER Menu or you may elect to CREATE a new publication file. Ŀ END OF HELP TEXT You may add your own help text by using EDLIN. Update file PUBHELP.TXT (80 column records) starting at line 309. Each screen displayed is 22 lines. To add a screen, you would need to add 22 lines starting at line 309, and continue incrementing at 22 lines for subsequent screens. This screen will be replaced when you enter your own help text. 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Out of file space pA@(z .... Search END-OF-FILE Reset at Start  PUBLICATION UPDATE  PUBLICATION DELETE  PUBLICATION DISPLAY   (A=Active, D=Delete)X RECORD NO.- "DH#0Change publication title or ENTER: XRecords to EXPAND n (ESC to exit): 0000@-To REORGANIZE month enter Year/Month (YYMM): `/ used as work area...or Enter override device: PUBHELP.TXT0AF1=Print Text Do you want to continue HELP text? (Y/N): AV Do you want to continue HELP text? (Y/N): = filespec... [d:] filename [.ext] (Default extension=.PUB) = CAUTION: Do not use [.BAK] extension .... RESERVED B  Example: 15 index entries per magazine X 12 issues = 180 records #f Example: PCWORLD Magazine - 1984 A filespec.. [d:] filename [.ext]. DEVICE ONLY [d:] for directory 4 No. of records entered is ADDED to the end of file 3  MONTH'S indexes placed in DATE order/DROP deletes <D ESC key to exit - Override Device (A:,B:,C:,etc.) or ENTER 0( Example: 85 lists all indices for 1985 @9 Example: 00201 lists all indices in volume 2, number 1 P: Example: MODEM lists all topic indices containing MODEM `;< Example: HOUSE lists description indices containing HOUSE p> Example: ROBISON lists all author indices containing ROBISON = Example: REVIEW lists all section indices containing REVIEW C! Printing Help Text T!ERR-\! ERL-X'%j! ....NO Publication files to Display  ! ....Invalid file specification J U`! .... File not found  ! .... Help Text not found " ....Bad filename " .... To many files on diskette B" .... Device Unavailable `" .... Disk not ready  @+" .... Disk Full +" .... Disk Full-Merge Aborted #P;O".... Please Turn Printer On g".... Printer Out of Paper 4# CHECK Basic Reference Manual for corrective action F#Version-3.0V#File opened : h#Records used : |#Title of file : #Max # Records : #Record Number: #Date (YYMM): #Volume: #Number: #Cover Theme: #Section: $Page: $Topic: $Author's Last Name: 2$Description: D$....Line 2 : V$....Line 3 : h$....Line 4 : 'z$ Do you want to ADD this record? (Y/N) .$ $Status : *$ Do you want to CHANGE this record? (Y/N) *% Do you want to DELETE this record? (Y/N) 5B% Make changes and press ENTER for field advance..... +|% ............ RECORD DELETED ............. (%<--- Enter Date of publication to CHANGE(%<--- Enter Date of publication to DELETE!&<--- Enter Starting RECORD NUMBER**&Do you want to DISPLAY next record? (Y/N) +X& ............ DISPLAY RECORD .......... & PUBLICATION INQUIRY &1 -- DATE sequence&2 -- VOLUME/NUMBER sequence&3 -- PARTIAL TOPIC sequence!&4 -- PARTIAL DESCRIPTION sequence'5 -- AUTHOR sequence6'6 -- SECTION sequenceP'7 -- RETURN to master menu` ~' DATE SEARCH ' VOLUME/NUMBER SEARCH ' PARTIAL TOPIC SEARCH ' PARTIAL DESC. SEARCH ' PARTIAL AUTHOR SEARCH ' PARTIAL SECTION SEARCH (Selection Date (YYMM): 6(Selection Volume/No.(VVVNN): X(Selection Topic: n(Selection Description: (Selection Author: $(Do you want a printed report? (Y/N) "(Do you want screen display? (Y/N) (Selection Section: -) B:) )Search Section: )Search Date: )Search Volume/No )Search Topic )Search Description )Search Author *)Strike any key to continue..(ESC to exit) B&*Strike any key to continue..(ESC to exit) l*Date z*Vol/No. *Topic *Desc. *Author *Section *E*Date: *Time: *Inquiry: *Date Vol/No Page *Cover Theme +SectionS+Author"+TopicI ,+Description<+F B+Record No. R+Copying Publication Records to @!z+Sorting Publication Records to +BLANK+Merge-+.....+Into- 2+Do you want to merge information per above? (Y/N) , expanded by , records.&,Merging 2, record >, to Z &>W  3_ ! t= ! t0 !"" !>#u$$,@t<wբ 3; = @( ! '! %; (  J+С Љ +֋܃;s3Ҵ!  '!) u& ; (  !> t"' ! ui>  Ŏ&- u[. ݹ3ع: +ḹ 33ь+ȁv3  !3P Error in EXE file $ Program too large $ Cannot find A:BASRUN.EXE Enter new drive letter: $BASRUN EXE * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * PC-LIT Article Organizing System: * * written by Andrew Johnstone * * * * Description & Tutorial * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * Public Domain "Demo" version 3.O6O * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * (c) Copyright 1986 by Andrew Johnstone. All Rights Reserved. Files Comprising PC-LIT version 3.O6O1 PC-LIT.COM 63383 11-02-86 8:02p Main Program CONV-LIT.COM 26610 11-02-86 8:02p Adds Comments to Older Files INST-LIT.COM 36638 11-02-86 8:02p Installer for PC-LIT Programs README1.DOC 39019 5-05-87 5:05p Description & Documentation SAMPLE.CIT 3234 11-02-86 8:02p Sample File SAMPLE.CNV 54 11-02-86 8:02p " " SAMPLE.FIL 1430 11-02-86 8:02p " " SAMPLE.KEY 1189 11-02-86 8:02p " " SAMPLE.NOT 1078 11-02-86 8:02p " " + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + I. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION PC-LIT was written with the goal of creating a speedy, uniform, and reliable method of finding the article which was in that stack on the shelf by the radiator, only it's not there anymore... The advantage PC-LIT has over the many file-folder/index-card systems is primarily that of speed. Entering and searching articles is incredibly fast, and if you ever want to do anything like go back and make a change in your index terms, the time difference is even more obvious. In fact, few other programs allow such full control over Index Terms, which eventually leads to lengthy keyword lists which are full of duplications, in turn slowing entry/retrieval of articles. PC-LIT requires no folders, or even file cabinets; my articles are simply in stacks on a shelf. The other commercial programs I have encountered have required the entry of information which I find useless, probably because they were designed for the needs of librarians rather than physicians. I may remember that I have a really good review article on newborn jaundice, and I remember it had a nice table of differential diagnoses, but I couldn't care less about the page & volume number, the author's middle initial, or even the journal's name; if I knew all that, I'd just go to the library! All I know, is that I liked the article enough to keep it... (..but where?) PC-LIT will provide a fast answer. I have literally used it while I microwave my morning coffee to find myself an article I can grab and take to the hospital. PC-LIT owes its speed partly to my algorithms and program design, but a fifty-fold gain in speed is had due to the excellence of the TURBO-PASCAL compiler by Borland, and the use of RAM as a "disk drive". I have found the public domain program MEMBRAIN by Dennis Lee to be a very useful RAM disk emulator; you will find a RAM disk virtually essential for "file-intensive" programs like PC-LIT... II. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS PC-LIT should run on any MS-DOS based computer that has one disk drive, 256k of memory, and produces an 8O-column display. Translated, this means an IBM PC, or 'compatible'. Minor degrees of variation in keyboards and displays occur with some compatibles, but the program is configurable in such fashion as to overcome this, and should run without problems on nearly any MS-DOS machine. Although additional disk drives, color monitors, printers, etc. are not required by PC-LIT, it is enhanced by having a computer that can generate color text, even if on a monochrome monitor, and enables the use of a standard printer for hard copy listings of article searches, keyword lists, etc. Of course, the more memory, the greater use you can make of RAM disk emulation, and enhanced speed. PC-LIT was written on a Tandy-1OOO with 384 K plus a Master Card with 1,000 K additional RAM, two Teac 36O K drives, a Heathkit amber monitor, and an Epson RX-8O/FT+ printer. The source code was generated using PC-WRITE (an incredible and "free", legally-copyable word processor) and compiled using the TURBO-PASCAL Compiler v 3.0 (Borland). III. LIMITS OF PC-LIT: Maximum Articles per Set: 32,OOO (theoretically 32,766) Maximum Index Terms per Set: 32,OOO (theoretically 32,766) Maximum Keywords per Set: 32,OOO (theoretically 32,766) Maximum Keywords Cited/Article: 8 Bytes per Set of Article Files: Each Article Entry: 65 bytes Each Keyword Entry: 43 bytes Each Crossreference Entry: 41 bytes File Overhead in Bytes: 1O8 bytes Notations add 49 bytes overhead, plus 49 bytes per article. Citations add 147 bytes overhead, plus 147 bytes per article. For example, 2OOk could hold 2,64O Articles + 66O Index Terms, 6OO of which were Keywords and 6O of which were Crossreferences. Notations & Citations add more space, as noted above. Utilities: * CONV-LIT is a utility program which will allow the addition or removal of notation and citation files to a fileset, and is included with the sample version of PC-LIT. ** PRINDEX is a utility program which prints out an easier to read listing of Index Terms (Keywords and Crossreferences). ** CLONE is a utility program which constructs a set of files which has no articles, but contains a previously evolved set of index terms. * Included with Demo. Demo has limit of 2OO articles/keywords. ** Included with Advanced version (see notes on registration below). IV. CHANGES FROM PC-LIT 3.00 TO 3.06: > Full Journal References are now Supported > "Comment" Section added to keep track of loaned articles > Help Screen shows Function Keys Supported > Improved Installation, with "silent mode" option > PC-LIT can now be run directly from DOS without batchfile > Keywords may be entered Directly into Index > Change in Registration, including price decrease > Full Journal References are now Supported - Many users requested the ability to maintain and print out full journal citations rather than one-line descriptions, so such listings could be printed or captured by word processors. PC-LIT now allows three additional lines for citations, which can be printed (or captured with a utility such as VPRINT). A utility program ("CONV-LIT") is provided to enable addition of comment fields to older PC-LIT files. As before, Journal or Author names can be used as keywords, if desired, for search/edit purposes. > "Comment" Section added to keep track of loaned articles - Several Users who often "loan out" articles wanted a shorter comment section that would allow them to enter the names of anyone who they loaned articles to. Others wanted a way to note the whereabouts of slide sets to accompany their filed material. This is also an option which can be selected when creating new File Sets, or added later on with CONV-LIT. > Help Screen shows Function Keys Supported - A brief Help Screen was added to show the functions of the Shifted Function Keys, and in anticipation of any future additional functions. > Improved Installation, with "silent mode" option - The INST-LIT program has been changed internally, and is a bit easier to use. INST-LIT no longer alters the PCLIT.BAT file, because the pathname is no longer fixed in PC-LIT. You can now make PC-LIT silent if desired. > PC-LIT can now be run directly from DOS without batchfile - The batch-file path management of earlier versions was designed to assist in using a RAMdisk, but many users wanted the flexibility of a stand-alone program. Users who liked the batch-file method may easily modify their existing batch file to work with PC-LIT if so desired. > Keywords may be entered Directly into Index - Direct Entry of Keywords is now supported. This speeds things up for those who prefer "borrowing" standardized index terms from books or indices. > Change in Registration - Previously, each time a new function was added to PC-LIT, it was only added to the versions sent to Registered Users. Gradually functions "trickled down" into the Public Version. Beginning with the changes above, even the Public Domain version will incorporate each new feature. This enables new users to get a real feel for what PC-LIT can and cannot do. The only limitation is the number of articles & keywords used; the Public Version limits users to about two hundred each of articles and keywords. Users who find PC-LIT useful enough to develop article collections larger than this (up to 32,000) will be the only ones who really need to register, which seems fair enough. As before, Registrants will get an Index Cloning Utility, and a fancier Index Printing Routine. Documentation of data formatting details is included, so that one could write simple routines (i.e., in Turbo Pascal or BASIC) to extract and custom-format citations for abstraction by word processor or other programs. As before, telephone support will not be provided, but users sending a self-addressed, stamped envelope, will be replied to as soon as possible. Registration now costs less; only ten dollars. > Note to New Users - Full Documentation is not included with PC-LIT 3.06, because it is felt that the program is virtually self-explanatory. The previous documentation centered on installation, and version 3.06 is much less difficult to install. Please note, however, that PC-LIT incorporates very disk- intensive program code, and virtually requires that the files be on a RAMdisk or a hard disk for efficient operation. If you try running PC-LIT without a RAMdisk, you will be very unimpressed with it's "speed". I recommend the excellent Public Domain program MEMBRAIN, by Dennis Lee. Even if you still fail to be impressed with PC-LIT, you will learn to love using a RAMdisk. Ordering the Advanced Version: ------------------------------------ To obtain a "registered" copy of the PC-LIT programs, you can send in the order form below. As explained elsewhere in the documentation, the registrants get the 32,OOO article, 32,OOO Index Term version, as well as several utilities and more detailed documentation. Neither the registered or unregistered version comes with any guarantee, nor is the author responsible for any consequences of program failure. I have had no "bugs" yet reported, and the basic program has been out since early 1986. If bugs develop, I will try to correct them, and I will respond to questions sent with self-addressed, stamped envelopes as timely as possible. Certainly, the user is advised (as with all software) to keep backup copies of any important data files, in case the files are damaged by environmental or program errors. At this point, I plan no specific major upgrades to the programs, though I am open to suggestion. Writing the program has taken a great deal of time, however, and it seems to do its basic job well. Users are welcome to write and distribute their own (stand-alone) utilities to manage or alter the data, for I plan no change in the basic data format, unless it would be necessary to correct some bug. PC-LIT has been very helpful for me in organizing my articles, and I hope it is similarly useful to others; that is why I am sharing it. - - ============================================================================== Order Form: | PC-LIT Reprint Filer | A. Johnstone | - Advanced Version - | 2425 Albany # A-4 | | Beech Grove, IN 461O7 ============================================================================== Software Ordered: | PC-LIT Reprint Filing System, Current Version ________ | Includes 32,OOO-limit Main Program, Conversion Utility | for upgrading earlier files, Installation Utility, and | Fancy Index Utility, Index Cloning Utility, and details | of Data Formatting to aid programmers. Also includes a | sample File Dumping Utility. Note that PC-LIT is NOT | guaranteed in any way, but I will post notice of, and | attempt correction of, any major bugs found. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Payment Enclosed: | $1O.OO (order not shipped until payment clears) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Ship Information: | Name: ____________________________________________ | Address: ____________________________________________ (First Class Mail) | City: _____________________ State: _____________ | Zip Code: _____________________ | Telephone: ( )-_____-_______ Date: _____________ ============================================================================== V. STARTING PC-LIT The following is a brief tutorial which will help you understand PC-LIT's functions and abilities. You will find that using PC-LIT is quite easy and fast, and requires little in the way of computer know- how. Type in the example instructions, and follow the explanations... 1. Before doing anything, please copy your entire program disk; you may decide to give copies of PC-LIT to your friends, and they would probably appreciate the "original" sample article files (created 10-1-86 at 8:02pm). If you obtained an "archived" version, simply retain the archive-file to pass along. 2. Set things so that a copy of PC-LIT.COM and INST-LIT.COM are on your default drive, as well as the SAMPLE.xxx files. 3. Type "INST-LIT PC-LIT" to set PC-LIT so the display is suited for your computer. Then establish what keys you will use for editing and as function keys. You may wish to bypass printer installation until later on. If you move files to a RAMdisk for use, set the "Work Area" size to warn you if files become too large to fit back on your floppy disk. Hard disk users can set this number to 10000 and not be bothered with a warning until their files exceed 10 Mb. If someone has tampered with your program, and it will not install, trying "INST-LIT PC-LIT RESET" may revive it. 4. Type "PC-LIT SAMPLE" to explore the sample articles. You should see the message (briefly) that your files are being verified, then encounter the Main Menu for PC-LIT. If your files are damaged, or if you type in a new file name, PC-LIT lets you create your own new set of files. At the main menu, you are presented with a description of the set of articles you are working with, and a list of the ten main function keys at the bottom of the screen. We will demonstrate the basics of each function key now. Note that the functions can only be accessed when the Main Menu is displayed. The Editing Keys: As you enter information, particularly text, you will find that several keys are available for editing functions. INST-LIT lets you define keys for the PC-LIT family of programs to control cursor motion (arrow and shift+arrow or CTRL+arrow), insertion and deletion of text, etc. Redo (from default) and Undo (erase) functions are supported in some fields of entry, and up and down shift between fields is allowed in a few instances. The Function Keys: Press F9 to see a list of the Function Keys, and what they do. We will explore each of the keys in turn in the following tutorial. Press "Y" or ENTER to return to the main menu. Note that you can re-define the function keys and "shifted" function keys with INST-LIT, and may need to do so for your system. VI. SAMPLE SESSION First, let us VIEW ARTICLES calaloged in the sample files; At the bottom of the screen you can see that the F4 key is used for this, so press the key you installed as F4. You can now specify the number of the article(s) you want to see. The default answer is the first article in the file; the sample articles begin with # 1OO1. Note that the last article added to the file is listed at the right of the screen for reference. Press ENTER to accept the answer 1OO1, and you will be asked just how far you want to list the articles. The default answer is "all the way to the end", i.e. to the last article added. Press ENTER to accept the default, and a list of articles will scroll down the screen. You can interrupt the listing by pressing any key. You will then be asked if you desire a printed copy. For now, press "N", or just press ENTER. Do you want to return to the Main Menu? Again, for now, press "N", or ENTER. Repeat the process, trying entry of various numbers. PC-LIT will not allow listing of nonexistant articles, so out-of-range numbers will be ignored. If the same number is used for both prompts, rather than generate a list of articles, PC-LIT will give a more detailed display of a single article; note that this includes a listing of the keywords cited, and how many times they are used. If you attempt to view article number 1OOO, you will see the "header" information for the file *.FIL. Now, press "Y" when asked if you want the Main Menu, then press F5 to LIST the index terms. Again, you can specify the start and end of your list, but this time the order is alphabetic, so the default beginning is "AAA", and the default ending is "ZZZ". (Index terms outside this range may be listed by entering the appropriate characters at the prompt.) Press ENTER two times to accept the defaults, and observe the list generated. Note that the number of times each term is used is indicated, and that some terms are "Crossreferences" referring to other index terms. This allows the use of a defined and limited set of Keywords for citations, yet the user does not need to memorize just what keywords are "legal". Entry of a crossreference during article filing or searching will automatically generate the preferred Keyword, pending the operators acceptance. As with the F2 function, listings can be stopped with a keypress, as well as sent to the printer. Let's ADD an article, and see how this works. Return to the Main Menu, and press F1. You will be informed here if the Work Area is getting full, or if your Article or Keyword files exceed 32,OOO entries, so you can anticipate needing soon to quit, and perhaps create another set of article files. The screen will then display the number of the article you are adding, which you need to write on the face of the article. A three letter prefix is also included in case you have separate sets of articles you need to differentiate. You enter a description up to 48 characters long, which should simply be the way you would describe the article. Later, when you see this description in a search listing, it will need to jog your memory enough to let you know if it might be the article you want. I tend to find verbatim titles rather poor at jogging my memory, and I seldom use author's names or journal titles and volume numbers. Say you have an article by Smith AB, Jones CD, et al., titled "Effects of Lithotrypsy on Pediatric Nephrolithiasis seen in Conjunction with Congenital Renal Anomalies", from the Antarctic Journal of Pediatric Urology, May 17, 1984, Vol 14:1123-1128. Type in something like "Pediatric Lithotrypsy/Anomalies, 1984, 5p, illus", and I still think you will be able to find the article. I often add comments on the article concerning its overall quality, charts, etc. Just so you get an idea if the article is worth pulling out to look at. You may elect to use one, three, or four additional 48-character fields for complete bibliographic information, if you want to be able to print out complete citations, or if you need to record other comments or information about the article. These are called "notation" and "citation" fields, and may be created when making a new file set, or added (or removed) later with CONV-LIT. Try entering the above article, and then enter some keywords. Perhaps "Pediatrics" would be a good term. Type in "ped" at the first keyword prompt, and press ENTER. Keywords are assumed to be in all capitals, so case is irrelevant. You could have typed in the whole word, but to save time and meticulous spelling, PC-LIT allows partial entry of keywords. Suggestions of partial matches will scroll by, and press ENTER or "N" until the word you want appears, then press "Y" to accept it. Accept "PEDIATRICS" when PC-LIT suggests it. Try entering "Urology" by yourself in the same fashion. Another term to describe this article would be "Kidney Stones", so enter "kid", and press ENTER. When "KIDNEY STONES" appears, accept it. Note that the creator of the SAMPLE Index Terms was a lover of terminology, and preferred the use of "NEPHROLITHIASIS". Accept it by pressing "Y". Next, enter the term "Congenital Anomalies" as "cong", and see what happens. "CONGENITAL ANOMALIES" never scrolls by! Since you did not accept any partial matches for "CONG", PC-LIT wonders if you want to create it as a new term. When PC-LIT asks you, press "N" or ENTER, since you really want the whole term. To add the complete term, repeat the process, but spell the whole term out. This time, tell PC- LIT you want to create the term, by pressing "Y" when you are so asked. The term is added instantly. Now enter "Lithotrypsy". Since this is a rather new term, unless you have special interest in the field, you probably don't have the term in your index. To avoid having to enter it twice, like you had to above, spell the whole thing out the first time. This is a good idea anytime you are not sure whether the term exists in your index, and saves a little time. Otherwise it is faster to just type a partial match long enough to get you reasonably close, and scroll for a match. You could enter up to eight terms, but you already have several: 1: "PEDIATRICS" 4: "CONGENITAL ANOMALIES" 2: "UROLOGY" 5: "LITHOTRYPSY" 3: "NEPHROLITHIASIS" Remember that the object is simply to provide terms which you can use to find the article; you have no real need to enter absolutely every possible term that the article could be described under. When you want to find this article, I think you will find that looking for just the combination of "PEDIATRICS" and "LITHOTRYPSY" alone will limit your search results to this article, or perhaps a handful of others on closely related subjects (which you would probably want to pull out anyway). Terminate the Add New Article process by pressing ENTER at the next keyword prompt, with only a blank space in the answer box. Let's FIND an article now. Return to the Main Menu when asked by pressing "Y", and then press F2. Usually, you want to find an article that is matching a certain index term; press ENTER to accept "equal to". To find your article(s) on Non-surgical management of kidney stones, begin by entering "kid" to select all articles on kidney stones. You will once again be presented with a list of terms to accept or reject, and in this case, accepting the term will refer you to "NEPHROLITHIASIS", since it was a Crossreference. Accept it with "Y". You could probably stop here, and get a listing of a dozen articles or so, unless your collection were quite large or you had alot of renal stone articles. Instead, press the spacebar until "and" appears, and then press ENTER. Now press the spacebar until you get "not equal", then press ENTER. Enter then accept the term "Surgery" (or "surg"), then accept the next "END" by pressing ENTER. You will see a list of the articles in your files that cite the term "NEPHROLITHIASIS" but not "SURGERY". You can experiment with other combinations of "and/or/then" to see what sort of results are given. Up to six Keywords may be used in a search combination. Return to the Main Menu once again, and press F3 to EDIT an article. Let's edit number 1OO3. The title was misspelled, so use the arrows, insert, delete, backspace, etc. to correct it. Press ENTER to accept it. The person entering "PEDICULOCIDES" obviously was asleep, so change it to "PEDIATRICS"; you can just type in "ped", but don't scroll to the wrong word before accepting it like someone else did! Since the term "PEDIATRICS" need not be used twice, the other citation will be eliminated automatically. The other keywords are reasonably appropriate, but the use of "CHILDHOOD UROLOGIC STONES" is silly in view of already having "PEDIATRICS" and "NEPHROLITHIASIS". Use ENTER to accept the terms until you get to the one to be deleted, and eliminate it by pressing the spacebar to convert the term to spaces, then press ENTER. When you reach the end of the list, add the term "METABOLIC DISEASE". Since it was not a term used before, you can create it as a new term, just like when adding a new article. Finish up by pressing ENTER until you are asked if you want the Main Menu. Press "Y" then. Note that if you ever enter a PC-LIT function by mistake, you can "escape" by just pressing ENTER until asked if you want to return to the Main Menu. If a list of articles or index terms is generated, press the spacebar to interrupt the listing. Say after you have a thousand articles, you notice that any search for articles using the term "PEDIATRICS" generates way too many articles for your use. Your partner sees all the big kids, and you are a neonatologist, so you wish to divide the articles according to the age involved. Press F6 to EDIT all citations of a given Keyword. Enter "ped" and accept "PEDIATRICS". For each article brought up, you can do one of several things: a) keep all citations the same. b) change the term "PEDIATRICS". (i.e. to "NEONATES" or "ADOLESCENTS".) c) leave "PEDIATRICS", but add another new term. (such as "NEONATOLOGY" or "ACCIDENTAL POISONING") d) delete "PEDIATRICS" alltogether. Depending on how you want to organize your articles, different choices may be appropriate, and you can quit after partway through all matching articles by answering "N" at the prompt. Although the world of pediatrics is not limited to neonates and adolescents, for purposes of this tutorial, try changing each use of "PEDIATRICS" to either "NEONATES" or "ADOLESCENTS". One of these is a new term, and you will be prompted by PC-LIT to create it. When finished, return to the Main Menu. List the keywords from "P" to "Q" with F5, and notice that you have eliminated all uses of the term "PEDIATRICS". Return to the Main Menu. Press F7 and you can SUBSTITUTE one Index Term for another. Your file has "REVIEW ARTICLES" misspelled, so enter "rev", and accept the term. Enter the correct spelling with which to replace it, and press ENTER. Press "Y" to indicate that the proposed change is allright with you. You can eliminate terms by replacing them with blanks. Try eliminating "PEDIATRICS", since you no longer have any articles referencing it. If the old and new term you enter are both Keywords, PC-LIT will combine the two under the second term. This is useful if you have two related terms such as "CARDIOLOGY" and "CARDIAC DISEASE", and find that your index would be simplified by just using "CARDIOLOGY". Try changing "CARDIAC DISEASE" to "CARDIOLOGY". Notice that the Crossreference "HEART DISEASE" now refers to "CARDIOLOGY" instead of "CARDIAC DISEASE"; PC-LIT keeps track of things you might otherwise forget... Note that there may be situations which would result in your files being made "illogical" if a substitution were to occur. Examples would be the elimination of a term which happened to be the only one cited in an article entry, thus leaving an article without keywords, or the combining of a term used as a crossreference with one used as a Keyword. PC-LIT attempts to protect the user from making such mistakes. Return to the Main Menu when finished. Since you deleted the term "CARDIAC DISEASE" from your Keyword list, if you attempt to use it, you will not be allowed, and will be asked if you want to create it as a new term. If you keep forgetting that you eliminated the term, this could be distracting, so you can create a Crossreference. Press F8 from the Main Menu and enter "CARDIAC DISEASE" (which is once again a new term for your index). Then enter "CARDIOLOGY" (or "car", accepting the proper term), and the crossreference will be created. Now if you are adding a new article, or searching for one, and your forget and enter "CARDIAC DISEASE", the term "CARDIOLOGY" would automatically be used instead. Again, some attempts at crossreference creation would be illogical, and PC-LIT will not allow them. Return to the Main Menu. Press F5 once more for a index term list and note that by now some of the Keywords and Crossreferences are no longer sorted alphabetically. When scrolling for a partial match during entry of terms, the terms at the end of the list will be scrolled for last, after all other partial matches have been offered. These "new" terms can be sorted once in awhile, in order to avoid this phenomenon. Return to the Main Menu and press Shift+f9. You can now use F5 again to see the sorted list. Shifted F8 is for those who want to enter a few dozen or hundred index terms "de novo", such as copying the contents table of a textbook, or using other standardized index terms. It allows rapid and continuous entry of index terms. Shifted F3 is a special function that enables quicker editing of comment fields (notation and citation) by skipping the keywords. This allows quicker updating of comments. You can continue investigating PC-LIT, or press F1O to quit. If you decide to continue, you can try printing listings of articles, index terms, or search results. Printing is directed to the first printer if you have more than one, and is interruptable with a keystroke, just like screen listings. Using the "from" and "to" prompts when listing Index Terms, one can print neatly organized lists of Index Terms for referral. When you decide to quit, note that PC-LIT checks your files for logical errors, and gives you a summary of the existing Index Terms. You have now used most of the major features of PC-LIT, and are ready to begin your own article file for serious use. Here are some tips you may find helpful: 1. Save up a pile of 1O to 5O articles before entering them, and then enter them all at once; this saves time. On the face of each one, write the number PC-LIT tells you. Keep these in consecutive order for ease of retrieval, whether in an oak filing cabinet, or cardboard boxes on the floor. 2. You can enter not only journal articles, but charts, handouts, or any other material. If you want to list an article you do not actually have, or a chapter from a textbook, just write it's name on a blank piece of paper, and number and file it as if it were an actual article. 3. If you tend to remember what articles you have by the name of the principal author, or the journal title, you can use them as keywords. 4. Listing each article by every possible keyword is not efficient use of PC-LIT. The idea is to be able to think of two or three keywords to describe an article you are looking for, and use them to generate a list of one to twenty articles, whose descriptions will quickly tell you which one you are looking for. Users with extremely large article files may occasionally do "blind searches", but even then, two or three well-chosen keywords should narrow the search down to manageable numbers. 5. After you have a couple of hundred Index Terms, print out a listing, and look through it, crossing out unnecessary terms, or noting heavily-used terms that might be more helpful if they were split into several sub-categories. Then you can use the editing features of PC-LIT to help keep your Keywords as organized and terse as possible, while having plenty of Crossreferences to enable speedy Keyword lookup. VII. DATA FORMAT FOR PC-LIT FILES: +--------------------------------------------+ | This Information Omitted from Demo Version | +--------------------------------------------+ VII. "SHARING" PC-LIT I basically wrote PC-LIT for myself, as a challenge in advanced programming, and as a means of organizing my growing stacks of half- read literature. I am willing to let interested individuals have a copy of the PC-LIT programs. I will not donate a disk, so you need to either give me one to write them on, or pay me for one. Although this is a price that can't be beat, keep in mind that my product is not guaranteed. I've spent much time in developing what I consider to be a very reliable piece of software, and I have no expectation that it should ever fail. The program itself makes literally thousands of logical checks on your data every time you run it. I have tried many ways of entering strange data so as to attempt crashing it, and have not been successful. I'm sure some creative user will someday... Even though I feel the program code is impeccable, the admonition about making backup copies of files comes from experience with having even "top-quality" software lock-up a keyboard, or of the office power brown-outs which can instantly wipe out precious data in RAM. Because I did not know just how data was organized in some of these programs, a glitched disk was instant and permanent disaster. One of the advantages of PC-LIT is that the data storage format is not a trade secret, nor is it complex, and you could piece your data back together if you glitched a disk... Nevertheless, if it is important, copy it! I encourage you to give copies of the Master Disk to your friends, but please copy the disk in unmodified and complete form, lest some user down the line think my package incomplete. If you must comment, you may add a COMMENT.DOC file, but please don't alter my files. I hope you enjoy PC-LIT! Andrew Johnstone. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 0Sample Articles for Tutorial v.3 MED 0 0 0Smith JA, Jones RD 0Assessment of Cardiac Risk Habits in Youngsters 0J. Cardiac Rehab. 243:237 198O 0Messinger PL, Robertson JW 0Fulminant Bacterial Infection in the Neonate 0J. Pediatric Inf. Dis. 34:111-117 July 84 0Teaching Faculty 0Pediatric Conference Material, Set # 11 0Staff Library 0Graves NC 0Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia: Outline of Causes 0Arch Bilirubinology 12:345 Jan 1967 0Cutter FL, Haversmith AH, Robinson WS 0New Methods of Removal for Staghorn Calculi 0Textbook of Urologic Surgery, Wiley, NY 1985 0Teaching Staff 0Pediatric Teaching Set # 34 0Staff Library 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Ratts RW, Johansen HT 0Valvular Prosthetics in the Elderly 0J. Card. Surg. 72:1281-1296 Aug 84 %   0Sample Articles for Tutorial v.3 MED %0Teenage Awareness of Cardiac Risk Factors 0Management of Neonatal Sepsis (good drug list) 0Approach to Chirdhood Metabolic Stone Disease  0Differential Diagnosis of Neonatal Jaundice 0Nephrotomy Techniques (good illustrations)  0Anemias and Jaundice in Newborns  0Alcoholic Liver Disease (Review, Simplistic) 0Use of the Bili Light in Selected Outpatients 0Immunizations in Pediatrics 0Response to HIB vaccine in patients < 2 yrs old 0Adolescent Health Issues and Public Education 0Use of the Stone Basketing Technique (illus) 0Complications of Retrograde Ureteral Procedures 0Temporary Ureterotomy with Diversion 0Croronary Risk Assessment using the Holter 0Success of the Three-vessel Bypass: 198O-1985 0Surgical Approach to Stones in Horseshoe Kidneys 0Use of Topical Lindane and Subsequent Hair Loss  0Oral Dissolution of Renal Stones: Future Cure? 0Pedal Edema as a Sign of Urogenital Tumors 0End-Stage CHF and the Surgical Options  $Sample Articles for Tutorial v.3 MED$ANEMIA  $ANTIBIOTICS $CARDIAC DISEASE $CARDIOLOGY $CHILDHOOD UROLOGIC STONES $COMPLICATIONS $CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE $DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS $ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY $HEART DISEASE $HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA  $INFECTIOUS DISEASES $JAUNDICE  $KIDNEY STONES $NEONATES $NEPHROLITHIASIS $PEDAL EDEMA $PEDIATRICS $PEDICULOCIDES $PHARMACOLOGY  $PUBLIC HEALTH $REVIE3 ARTICLES $SURGERY  $UROGENITAL TUMORS $UROLOGY $VACCINATIONS $UICIDE $SYCHIATRY 0Sample Articles for Tutorial v.3 MED 0currently in file 0on loan to John Smith, ext # 2431 0Handout for Slide Set # 11 0currently in file 0chapter in text on reserve in main library 0loaned to R. Smith 6/6/86 (883-1213) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0currently in file +P&$ l b &>!O! u$6 / 뿋&P PO>I!ˋ& !  QCommandScanningReading Scan Find Command Key:PgUp PgDn Home End X=exit ?=Help*** Text not found *** *** Top of file *** *** End-of-file *** Not enough memory $ Wrong DOS version $ Enter filename: $ Open failed, return code=$File not found $Path not found $Too many files $Access denied $LIST@ QDU?H/RLTPANXBW78+-KF\SMKIQGH=P;DOwsv0!##44=]/[vGOVeBB=./4[vmvu>t t&.6uƀ>tt @u$9<uĿ!T;seL߾zu>rhu>uH. 3 녀6z&/(6d6@\VD|$&p$p&&>>;r0R3>upÃ>t >;>s>w.<*0QWR> u>vP.L>>;OO>ώ A+AtP+txZ_Yt+ɊʋV+Ҵ?! t0&u +&%G&+$À>r+ۊۉr**>s66+>t(u" Ȭ+ġu>>QVWtu>+6&<u >< uσ+ƅ G͈G< u< t < u stQw>>ur_^YPSQRWV+ƋOH ~UP;v&< s<u :>uGG'us u utë^_ZY[XÀ> uWVR WVB  !t .þWVP> +^_ú >>>u&&&@&J&c&00u  ô0!<rúJ <$t < u۴û-J!H!r +;r&ú33ɠ tQ< t< t>Qtú ! O!+ PtꈿQúx!Q+ɴN!r1 u-L<\t " on pages 3-4 and 3-5 have been corrected to read ">=". This error caused some users to think PC-DBMS couldn't process its own where clause. Second, Appendix C, User Supported Software, has been updated to reflect unbundling of PC- DBMS and lower prices. That appendix is reproduced in the addendum. If you already have a User's Guide, you may wish to skip printing PC-DBMS.DOC (or MANUAL.*). In addition to the new Appendix C, this addendum describes changes and extensions to the version 1.0 program. Bug fixes are documented in RELNOTES.TXT. DISTRIBUTION DISKETTE The distribution diskette contains the files shown in Figure 1. READ.ME getting started PC-DBMS.DOC User's Guide (or MANUAL.1 & MANUAL.2) RELNOTES.TXT description of changes in this version ADDENDUM.TXT this file MUSIC.DEF a sample data base COMPOSER.DAT for the tutorial OPUS.DAT in the User's Guide PC-DBMS.EXE the dbms program PC-DBMS.SMP sample start-up file REQUEST.DOC order/payment form and invoice Figure 1. Files on the distribution diskette. MISSING FILE ERROR HANDLING When PC-DBMS fails to find a data or index file, it will so report and halt execution of the command. RECORD COUNTS The select, display, pack and key commands can process existing data table records sequentially, i.e., without index look-ups. Previous versions processed the number of records shown in the schema if that count was consistent with the file size and record length. Occasionally, records added by other other applications to narrow tables were ignored as a result. Beginning with version 1.2, all records are read. Those beginning with a backslash or a null are ignored. The backslash records are marked as deleted and the null records are inserted by PC-DBMS and certain other 2 programs to fill files to 128 byte boundaries. SELECT AND SHOW COMMANDS In the select command, the wildcard indicator * can be used in place of ALL. In the select and show commands, control num-lock still halts scrolling but control-S no longer does. PACK COMMAND The deletion of data records and the removal of tables (with the remove command) leaves unused space in data and schema files, respectively. The pack command recovers that space by pushing undeleted data or schema records passed deleted ones. It then truncates the file. The syntax is: PACK [\SCHEMA] [table-name ...] To pack the schema file, append the qualifier \schema to the keyword pack. If the qualifier is not specified, at least one table name must be given. For example, PACK\SCH COMP OPUS packs the schema and two data files. The pack command will also delete trailing nulls (ascii zeros) which PC-DBMS uses to pad files to a 128 byte boundary. When a data file is packed the schema's record count (which includes deleted records) is updated. The change is apparent when the show command is executed. 3 It is necessary to remove indices on files to be packed because indices store record numbers and these change during packing. The schema will be updated to show a previously keyed field as unkeyed and the associated index file will be deleted. However, if the packing does not change record numbers (no deleted records before the last undeleted record), no change will be made to the index file or the schema keying information. THE INITIALIZATION FILE After PC-DBMS presents its welcome screen, it attempts to find and read a file called PC-DBMS.INI. This file specifies the video attributes for various parts of the main screen and the display utility's screen. These parts are called screen items. Video attributes are characteristics such as bright, color or reverse video. Without an initialization file, PC-DBMS will use default video attributes. Also, the initialization file can set the command window editing default to overstrike instead of pushright. 1. Specifying Video Attributes Even color systems (color board and color monitor) do not require the initialization file. However, they will behave like monochrome without it. If you have a color system, you can use a text editor to create a file with just these two characters in it: %C. Name the file PC- DBMS.INI and keep it in the current directory or in any subdirectory named in the path command. You'll get the default colors. If the defaults are satisfactory, you need read no further regardless of the kind of system you have. There are three display system types: 4 (1) monochrome board and monochrome (single color) monitor, (2) color board and monochrome monitor, and (3) color board and multi-color monitor. PC-DBMS has a distinct set of screen item video attributes for each system. System (1) is easy for PC- DBMS to identify but the other two look alike because software can't tell what kind of monitor you have. The %C flag solves that problem by indicating a color monitor. (The color monitor flag will be ignored if you have a monochrome board.) Figure 2 shows a sample initialization file. 5 %C full color, please! %E overstrike editing color color (Monochrome columns mono- board, board, have default values. chrome mono color The values could board screen screen have been omitted, ------ ------ ------ leaving only commas.) &A 7, 7, 30 display screen: background &B 112, 112, 12 display screen: blocks &C 15, 15, 78 command window: frame &D 7, 7, 71 command window: interior &E 112, 112, 103 main screen: top rt menu &F , 112, 88 message stripe &G 1, 7, 112 column headings stripe &H 112, 112 output window Figure 2. An initialization file. There are eight screen items which can be assigned video attributes. The interior of the command window is a screen item, for example. The screen items are denoted by the flags &A-&H. They are defined by the comments in Figure 2. Each screen item gets its own line in the file. However, you can omit any of the screen item lines. For example, the &E row could have been omitted. Defaults will be assumed. There are 256 possible video attributes numbered 0-255. Their construction is shown in Figure 3. 6 Video Attributes for Systems (1) and (2) Attribute Value Comment Underlined 1 system (1) only Normal (white on black) 7 Underlined bright 9 system (1) only Normal bright 15 Reverse (black on white) 112 Reverse bright 120 Video Attributes for System (3) Color Foreground Background Black 0 0 Blue 1 16 Green 2 32 Cyan 3 48 Red 4 64 Magenta 5 80 Brown 6 96 White 7 112 Gray 8 Lt blue 9 Lt green 10 Lt cyan 11 Lt red 12 Lt magenta 13 Yellow 14 Bright white 15 The attribute value is the sum of the foreground and background numbers. For all system types, add 128 to the attribute value for blinking. Figure 3. Construction of Video Attribute Values. 7 The initialization file can specify one, two or three video attribute numbers per screen item. The three numbers correspond to the three system types, respectively. Hence, a single initialization file can work on any kind of system. You can omit a number. It will assume the default value. See the &F and &H lines in Figure 2, for example. The first comma in line &F serves as a necessary place holder. A trailing comma is unneeded. See line &H. Each flag must be flush left. There must be a comma between numbers. Space(s) can precede numbers or commas. Comments can be inserted. There is no special comment marker and a comment ends parsing of a line when encountered. All default values are shown in Figure 4. color color mono- board, board, chrome mono color board screen screen ------ ------ ------ &A 7, 7, 30 &B 112, 112, 12 &C 15, 15, 14 &D 7, 7, 3 &E 112, 112, 112 &F 112, 112, 71 &G 1, 7, 112 &H 112, 112, 30 Figure 4. Default video attributes 8 2. Changing the Editing Default The editor in the command window uses pushright as its default. If you wish the default to be overstrike, just put these two characters at the beginning of any start-up file line: %E. See Figure 2. 3. Creating a Start-up File The PC-DBMS distribution includes PC-DBMS.SMP, the initialization file I use. Most but not all of its values are the defaults. It is an easy starting point to develop your own initialization file. Use the DOS copy command A> copy pc-dbms.smp *.ini to produce a version which PC-DBMS will read. (Note the new name assigned in the copy command.) The file must be in the current directory or in one of the subdirectories specified in a path command. If yours is a system (2), remove the color flag %C with a text editor. Execute PC- DBMS and see which video attributes you would like to change. Exit PC-DBMS and edit the file. Repeat until happy. 9 APPENDIX C USER SUPPORTED SOFTWARE PC-DBMS is distributed as user supported software. You are encouraged to give copies of the distribution diskette for others. There is no license agreement but please pass along all files without modification. User groups and similar organizations may impose a nominal charge to cover the cost of duplication. The user supported concept of software is a significant innovation (not mine) which benefits both user and author. For the user, there is the convenience of leisurely evaluation of the program on your own system in your own home or office to see if it's right for your application. The low cost of user supported software distribution also makes possible a voluntary payment lower than the price of commercial software. And, of course, there's no copy protection to diminish the utility of the program. For the author, there is the satisfaction of getting a far larger number of copies into use than is possible with conventional marketing. Also, the interference of piracy is turned into a reinforcement in the distribution of the program. Finally, if you have dealt with a publisher, print or electronic, you understand the undesirability of that alternative. However, it doesn't work unless you want it to. If you USER SUPPORTED SOFTWARE find PC-DBMS useful, I hope you will register by making a voluntary payment of $35, by check or through your bank credit card. Beyond what you already have, this is what you will receive from me. - Support for a year. Comments, suggestions and especially bug reports are welcome from anyone. However, only registered users can expect replies to their questions. Support will be provided on a best efforts basis by mail and through CompuServe. My CompuServe id is 74216,3033. - Notices of subsequent PC-DBMS releases. Disks and documentation will be available as indicated below. - My thanks. PC-DBMS took a year to develop, test and document. I enjoyed every minute of it. Now, I ask that you send your voluntary payment with the order/payment form. A copy of that form is on the next page or, if you wish to leave your manual intact, another copy is in the file REQUEST.DOC. If you need an invoice, you'll find one following the order/payment form in both the manual and in REQUEST.DOC. IF YOU REGISTER BY FEBRUARY 1, 1986, WE WILL SEND YOU A FREE COPY OF THE TYPESET USER'S GUIDE. For quantity purchases of PC-DBMS or to distribute it in conjunction with your data base, contact Kware. Whether or not you register, you are welcome to purchase the typeset User's Guide ($10) or the program/documentation disk ($10) or both ($18). Purchasing materials is one way to support the continued development of PC-DBMS and to keep yourself supplied with the most current version. C-2 USER SUPPORTED SOFTWARE One way to keep current is to pre-order the next release. It will be sent to you as soon as it's issued. You'll get it faster and more reliably than through bulletin boards and user groups. Just mark "next release" on the applicable line of the order/payment form. To register or to order materials, enter your name and address on the form below and indicate the quantities desired of the various items in the quantity column. Pay by check or complete the credit card form. C-3 USER SUPPORTED SOFTWARE ORDER/PAYMENT FORM Name _____________________________ Phone ____________ Company _____________________________ Address _____________________________ _____________________________ City _________________ State ________ Zip _________ Description Qty Price Extension ----------- --- ----- --------- registration $35.00 User's Guide 10.00 PC-DBMS disk 10.00 Guide & disk 18.00 --------- Sub-total Tax @ 4% (Va. residents only) --------- Amount due Kware Please make check payable P.O. Box 16206 to Kware or complete Arlington, Va. 22215 credit card form below. Visa __ or Mastercard __ card # ___________________ exp mo/yr ______/______ signature ____________________ C-4 USER SUPPORTED SOFTWARE INVOICE Vendor: Kware, Inc. Federal EIN: 54-1304150 P. O. Box 16206 Arlington, Va. 22215 Date: / / Description Qty Price Extension ----------- --- ----- --------- PC-DBMS, $35.00 reg & support User's Guide 10.00 PC-DBMS disk 10.00 User's Guide 18.00 & disk --------- Sub-total Tax @ 4% (Va. residents only) --------- Amount due You may retain this invoice. C-5 Tchaikovsky, P. 1840 1893 Russia Brahms, J. 1833 1897 Germany Verdi, G. 1813 1901 Italy Handel, G. 1685 1759 England Mozart, W. 1756 1791 Austria Bach, J. 1685 1750 Germany Chopin, F. 1810 1849 France Beethoven, L. 1770 1827 Germany Haydn, F. 1732 1809 Austria Mendelssohn, F. 1809 1847 Germany Debussy, C. 1862 1918 France ECHO OFF CLS ECHO * Capital PC Users Group, Inc. ECHO * ECHO * Welcome to the CPCUG Public Domain Software Library ECHO * ECHO * Disk No. 48 PC-DBMS Ver 1.2 10/14/85 ECHO * ECHO * A relational data base management system ECHO * ECHO * D I S C L A I M E R ECHO * ********************************************************************* ECHO * ECHO * The programs on this disk are made available to the public as a ECHO * copy service only. In no event will the Capital PC Users Group ECHO * (CPCUG) be liable for any damages arising out of the use of or the ECHO * inability to use these programs by anyone, even if CPCUG has been ECHO * advised of the possibility of such damages. ECHO * ECHO * ********************************************************************* ECHO * ECHO * To stop the screen from scrolling, press Ctrl and Num Lock keys ECHO * To restart the scrolling of the screen, press the Space Bar ECHO * PAUSE CLS ECHO * ECHO * CAPITAL PC USER GROUP, INC. 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ECHO * If these two conditions are not met, the check will be returned. ECHO * ECHO * Following is a list of the programs on this disk. PAUSE CLS TYPE -README1.DOC PAUSE CLS TYPE -README2.DOC ECHO ON  USER'S GUIDE FOR THE PC-DBMS (TM) DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM version 1.0 (see ADDENDUM.TXT for version 1.1 updates) (C) COPYRIGHT KWARE, 1985 Paul Kobrin Kware P.O. Box 16206 Arlington, Va. 22215 PC-DBMS DISTRIBUTION NOTICE PC-DBMS is distributed as user supported software. If you like it, I ask that you send a voluntary payment of $35 which will entitle you to a year's support, notices of future releases of PC-DBMS and my thanks. Please see appendix C for more information. In any event, you are encouraged to make unmodified copies of the complete set of distribution files for others. Commercial sale of PC-DBMS in any manner is prohibited without Kware's written permission but user groups and similar non-commercial organizations may impose their customary charges for copying, etc. Reproduction of the printed manual is prohibited. DISCLAIMER In no event will the author or supplier of this program be liable to you for any damages, including any lost profits, lost savings or other incidental or consequential damages arising from the use of or inability to use this program, even if the author or supplier has been advised of the possibility of such damages, or for any claim by any other party. PC-DBMS is a trademark of Kware, Inc. IBM is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. MS is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2 GETTING STARTED System Requirements . . . . . . . . . 2-1 Distribution Diskette . . . . . . . . 2-1 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 CHAPTER 3 HANDS ON TUTORIAL Starting the Program . . . . . . . . 3-2 Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 Command Entry and Editing . . . . . . 3-4 The Open Command . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 The Select Command . . . . . . . . . 3-5 The Show Command . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 The Remove Command . . . . . . . . . 3-10 The Display Command . . . . . . . . 3-10 The Define Command . . . . . . . . . 3-12 The Key and Dekey Commands . . . . . 3-15 The Exit Command . . . . . . . . . . 3-16 i CHAPTER 4 GENERAL Description of a PC-DBMS Data Base . 4-1 Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 Data File Structure, Import and Export . . . . . . . . . 4-2 Object Names . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 The PC-DBMS Editor . . . . . . . . . 4-3 Command Formatting and Execution . . 4-4 Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5 CHAPTER 5 COMMAND REFERENCE Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 Notational Conventions . . . . . . . 5-2 Define . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2 Dekey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4 Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4 Exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8 Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8 Open . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9 Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9 Remove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10 Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10 Show . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17 Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20 APPENDIX A KEYWORDS APPENDIX B THE RELATIONAL MODEL APPENDIX C USER SUPPORTED SOFTWARE INDEX ii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION PC-DBMS is a data base management system built on the relational model. Its features include - Dynamically formatted full screen forms for data entry, retrieval and editing and for "fill in the blanks" query composition. - A query command that can retrieve selected records from one or two tables, optionally sorting them. - Dynamic files, i.e., the capability to create new, defined tables from query results. - A fast screen editor for command composition with previous command recall. The editor features word wrapping and flying reform. - A menu-based help system. - Files containing the data tables look just like the tables, facilitating import and export. - Indexing with automatic index update on data entry, deletion or modification. No operation requires existence of an index. 1-1 INTRODUCTION - Optional use of color. - Integrated data dictionary but kept in its own file. - Entire dbms contained in one EXE file. 1-2 CHAPTER 2 GETTING STARTED Please read through this section of the manual. Then go on to run the hands on tutorial in the next section. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS PC-DBMS will run on IBM, Compaq and Columbia computers and similar systems under PC/MS-DOS version 1.1 or higher. Minimum memory is 192k. One disk drive is necessary. A second drive or hard disk is desirable. Output can be redirected to an optional printer. Color is vigorously supported but not required. PC-DBMS operates the video board directly. It will support IBM monochrome and color graphics boards and close copies of them. DISTRIBUTION DISKETTE The distribution diskette contains the files shown in Table 2-1. 2-1 GETTING STARTED DISTRIBUTION DISKETTE READ.ME printing instructions for this manual MANUAL.1 first half of this manual MANUAL.2 second half of this manual MUSIC.DEF a sample COMPOSER.DAT data base used OPUS.DAT in the tutorial PC-DBMS.EXE the dbms program REQUEST.DOC payment form and invoice Table 2-1. Files on distribution diskette. INSTALLATION The installation task copies the files on the distribution diskette necessary to run the tutorial onto another diskette or onto your hard disk. Then, store the distribution diskette as a back up. After running the tutorial from the copy, delete the tutorial's files to save space and continue using the copy; it will still contain everything needed to use PC-DBMS. If you do not have a hard disk, make a diskette copy of the distribution diskette as follows. Turn on your pc and load the operating system, i.e, boot it. You will need a formatted blank diskette. (The IBM Disk Operating System Manual describes booting and formatting.) Insert the distribution diskette in drive A:. If you have two drives, insert the blank diskette in drive B:. In any case, issue the following copy commands. COPY A:*.DEF B: COPY A:*.DAT B: COPY A:*.EXE B: 2-2 GETTING STARTED INSTALLATION If you have a one drive system, A: and B: refer to the source and distribution diskettes. DOS will tell you how to swap them in the drive to produce the copy after you issue each copy command. After making the copy, put the distribution diskette away and insert the copy in drive A:. You are ready to run the tutorial. If you have a hard disk and are running DOS 2.x, it is suggested but not required that you create a subdirectory for PC-DBMS. It is a convenient place to keep your data base files and the program. After booting your system, at the DOS prompt enter MD\DBMS and when the prompt returns, enter CD\DBMS. You now have a subdirectory called \DBMS and it is presently the default or current directory. Whether you created a subdirectory or not, copy the necessary files to your hard disk. These copy commands assume that the distribution diskette is in drive A:. If the diskette is in a different drive, substitute its designation in the commands. COPY A:*.DEF COPY A:*.DAT COPY A:*.EXE After making the diskette or hard disk copy, put the distribution diskette away. On a system without a hard disk, put the copy diskette in drive A:. You are ready to run the tutorial. After you run the tutorial, you might want to delete its sample data base from the hard disk or diskette copy. On a system without a hard disk, issue these delete commands. DEL A:*.DAT DEL A:*.DEF DEL A:*.IDX 2-3 GETTING STARTED INSTALLATION On a hard disk system, omit the A: in the preceding commands. The dbms program, PC-DBMS.EXE, will remain on the copy for your use. 2-4 CHAPTER 3 HANDS ON TUTORIAL This tutorial will acquaint you with the main capabilities of PC-DBMS in just a few pages. It is cumulative so if this is your first exposure to the tutorial, go through it in order. Within in an hour, you'll know the 80% of the program used 95% of the time. If you're already familiar with PC-DBMS, you might use the tutorial as a refresher. It is organized by command for convenience. The tutorial does not cover every command nor does it cover every feature and limitation of the commands it does cover. IF A CAPABILITY IS NOT MENTIONED, DO NOT ASSUME IT IS ABSENT. CHECK CHAPTER 4, COMMAND REFERENCE. To run the tutorial, you must have the program file PC-DBMS.EXE and the sample data base files (MUSIC.DEF, COMPOSER.DAT and OPUS.DAT) all on the disk in the logged drive. The tutorial permanently modifies the sample data base so be sure you are working with a copy of the distribution diskette. 3-1 HANDS ON TUTORIAL STARTING THE PROGRAM STARTING THE PROGRAM Boot your pc as usual. That is, start it and load the operating system. If you don't have a hard disk, insert the previously prepared PC-DBMS diskette (see INSTALLATION) into the default drive, typically A:. If you have a hard disk, make the subdirectory containing PC-DBMS the default, i.e., give the command CD\DBMS at the DOS prompt. At the DOS prompt (e.g., A>), type PC-DBMS and press return. The welcome screen appears showing the product name, version number, etc. Press any key. If your pc has a color video card, you will be asked if you also have a color monitor. Press Y or N. Now the main screen of PC-DBMS appears. At the top left is a wide window for you to enter commands. Right of it are function key descriptions. Two stripes the width of the screen are below the window. You'll see their function soon. The bottom half of the screen, the output window, displays data or help messages. The screen is illustrated in Figure 3-1. 3-2 HANDS ON TUTORIAL STARTING THE PROGRAM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM : : F1=help : : F2=rmv help : COMMAND WINDOW : F3=prev cmd : : F7=execute : : F10=exit : : LMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MESSAGE WINDOW STRIPE COLUMN HEADINGS STRIPE --------------------------------------------------------- OUTPUT WINDOW --------------------------------------------------------- Figure 3-1. The main screen of PC-DBMS HELP Press the F1 key (top left of keyboard). The help menu's first page appears in the output window. Get help on "command entry/editing", the first menu item, by pressing the first function key, F1. Read the help text in the output window. The cursor returns to the command window. Try help on another topic if you like. 3-3 HANDS ON TUTORIAL COMMAND ENTRY AND EDITING COMMAND ENTRY AND EDITING Whatever you type is entered in the command window. Word wrapping automatically breaks lines so type the Gettysburg address without pressing carriage return. Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal .... Use the cursor keys (numeric keypad arrow keys) to position the cursor at the "s" in "seven". Now type "twenty-". Next, delete it by pressing the backspace key repeatedly. Press the return key. It doesn't initiate command execution; it never does. It breaks the line at "seven". Now execute the Gettysburg address like a command by pressing F7. This is folly so an error message is written onto the first stripe. That's what the stripe is for. What happens if you press F3? Try it. (Pressing F7 now will serve to clear the window.) THE OPEN COMMAND PC-DBMS sessions usually begin with the open command. It makes an existing data base available or starts the process of creating a new data base. Let's open the sample data base MUSIC. Type OPEN MUSIC (upper or lower case) in the command window and press F7 to execute the command. The message window should read "Database MUSIC opened." 3-4 HANDS ON TUTORIAL THE SELECT COMMAND THE SELECT COMMAND The select command retrieves data from the data base, displaying it on screen or writing it to a file. The simplest select command is only two words. Type SELECT COMP.ALL and press F7. Figure 3-2 shows the result as displayed in the output window. NAME BORN DIED COUNTRY Tchaikovsky, P. 1840 1893 Russia Brahms, J. 1833 1897 Germany Verdi, G. 1813 1901 Italy Handel, G. 1685 1759 England Mozart, W. 1756 1791 Austria Bach, J. 1685 1750 Germany Chopin, F. 1810 1849 France Beethoven, L. 1770 1827 Germany Haydn, F. 1732 1809 Austria Mendelssohn, F. 1809 1847 Germany Debussy, C. 1862 1918 France Figure 3-2. Result of SELECT COMP.ALL The data base contains the table COMP whose entire contents are now in the output window. The table is stored in its own file. The table has eleven lines called records and four data columns called fields. Suppose we want only composers born no earlier than 1700. Press the F3 key to recall the first select command. Press the numeric keypad's END key to place the cursor at the command's end. Press the space bar once and type WHERE BORN >= 1700 so that SELECT COMP.ALL WHERE BORN >= 1700 is in the command window. Press F7 to execute it. The where clause can have up to ten conditions. Recall the previous command, position the cursor and add AND COUNTRY = "Germany" so that the entire command is: SELECT COMP.ALL WHERE BORN >=1700 AND COUNTRY = "Germany". This command has two conditions. Press F7. 3-5 HANDS ON TUTORIAL THE SELECT COMMAND Note that text strings are enclosed in quote marks. We could connect the conditions with OR in place of AND. That would change the query's meaning. Let's retrieve the same data alphabetized. Recall the previous command, position the cursor at its end, add SORTED BY NAME and press F7. Note that a where clause, if present, precedes the sort clause. It's possible to choose which fields are displayed and their order. Recall the previous command and edit it to read SELECT COMP.BORN NAME COUNTRY by using the cursor keys, backspace and the delete key (Del). Execute the command. The MUSIC data base also contains the table OPUS. PC-DBMS permits its contents to be displayed along with the contents of COMP. Execute SELECT COMP.BORN NAME OPUS.ALL. Some output will scroll off screen and what's left is shown in Figure 3-3. BORN NAME COMPOSER WORK 1685 Handel, G. Beethoven, L. Symphony No. 5 1756 Mozart, W. Brahms, J. Lullaby 1756 Mozart, W. Beethoven, L. Symphony No. 5 1685 Bach, J. Brahms, J. Lullaby 1685 Bach, J. Beethoven, L. Symphony No. 5 1810 Chopin, F. Brahms, J. Lullaby 1810 Chopin, F. Beethoven, L. Symphony No. 5 1770 Beethoven, L. Brahms, J. Lullaby 1770 Beethoven, L. Beethoven, L. Symphony No. 5 1732 Haydn, F. Brahms, J. Lullaby 1732 Haydn, F. Beethoven, L. Symphony No. 5 1809 Mendelssohn, F. Brahms, J. Lullaby 1809 Mendelssohn, F. Beethoven, L. Symphony No. 5 1862 Debussy, C. Brahms, J. Lullaby 1862 Debussy, C. Beethoven, L. Symphony No. 5 Figure 3-3. Result of SELECT COMP.BORN NAME OPUS.ALL 3-6 HANDS ON TUTORIAL THE SELECT COMMAND The composers' birth years and names from COMP were paired with their names and works from OPUS. Unfortunately, Debussy's vital statistics were paired with a Beethoven symphony and so forth. Add the following clause to the command to match composers only with their own works: WHERE COMPOSER = COMP.NAME. Execute the corrected command. Linking related records from different tables is called a join. Records from the two tables are joined together only when they have the same composer name, that is, WHERE OPUS.COMPOSER = COMP.NAME. Let's look again at the join command: SELECT COMP.BORN NAME OPUS.ALL WHERE COMPOSER = COMP.NAME. The first occurrence of "COMP." (in COMP.BORN) makes COMP the default table. Subsequent field names not preceded by a table name (NAME) are presumed to be from COMP. When OPUS.ALL is encountered, the default table changes to OPUS. Hence, COMPOSER is assumed to mean OPUS.COMPOSER. A field name explicitly qualified by a table name such as COMP.BORN is called a qualified field name. You can qualify any field name; the default capability is a convenience to save typing. Sometimes a select command retrieves so many records that they start to scroll off screen. You can freeze the action by pressing control-S (hold the control key and press "s" once). Then press any key to resume scrolling. However, to terminate retrieval prematurely, press F10. You should know about one last select capability. The result of the select command can become a table in the data base rather than a display on the screen. Just append a clause like INTO NU_TABLE to the end of the select command. Then you can run queries against NU_TABLE or whatever name you give the new table. Try the previous select command with the clause INTO JOIN_TBL. Execute another select command against the JOIN_TBL to confirm its existence. (THIS EXERCISE WILL 3-7 HANDS ON TUTORIAL THE SELECT COMMAND PERMANENTLY ALTER THE SAMPLE DATA BASE SO BE SURE YOU ARE WORKING WITH A COPY.) One reason to save the query result in a table is to do a three way join such as to join together tables A, B and C. The select command accepts no more than two table names before the into clause. So use a select command to join A and B INTO X. Then use a second select command to join X and C. THE SHOW COMMAND So far we have discovered two tables in the MUSIC data base. Are there others? Type SHOW and press F7. The result is in Figure 3-4. In fact, there are 3 tables. TABLE NAME FILE RECORDS FIELDS EOR MODIFIED COMP COMPOSER.DAT 11 6 2 11-25-1984 OPUS OPUS.DAT 2 2 2 11-25-1984 JOIN_TBL JOIN_TBL.DAT 2 4 2 12-15-1984 Figure 3-4. Result of SHOW The recall and default table capabilities and the command editor save typing. Keyword truncation saves typing, too. Any keyword longer than 3 characters can be truncated to 3 or more characters. For example, SHO has the same meaning as SHOW. Try it! Keywords are the boilerplate of commands. Examples are select, show, open and into. The names of data bases (MUSIC), tables (COMP) and fields (BORN) are not keywords. Neither are field values such as "Germany". Don't truncate names and values, only keywords. The show command can retrieve additional information about the tables in the data base. Try SHO\DESCRIBE. It brings up verbal descriptions of the tables. 3-8 HANDS ON TUTORIAL THE SHOW COMMAND Show can also retrieve information about fields. Execute SHO\FIELDS but press control-S before any output scrolls off screen. When ready, press any key to resume scrolling. The entire result is shown in Figure 3-5. FIELD NAME TYPE KEY FROM TO TABLE COMP NAME T N 1 19 BORN N N 20 23 filler1 F N 24 24 DIED N N 25 28 filler2 F N 29 29 COUNTRY T N 30 44 TABLE OPUS COMPOSER T N 1 19 WORK T N 20 44 TABLE JOIN_TBL BORN N N 1 4 NAME T N 5 23 COMPOSER T N 24 42 WORK T N 43 67 Figure 3-5. Result of the command SHO\FIELDS Consider COMP. It has two fields, filler1 and filler2, which have been hidden so far. That's because they are filler or F type fields. The fields which select has displayed are either text (T) or numeric (N). All the fields in MUSIC are not KEYed (N), i.e., there are no indices yet. The last two columns give the beginning and ending character positions in the file for each field. 3-9 HANDS ON TUTORIAL THE SHOW COMMAND Finally, verbal descriptions of fields can be retrieved. Execute SHO\FIE\DES. Any of the four show command forms can be followed by one or more table names. Then, only the information for the indicated table(s) will be retrieved. For example, try SHO\FIE COMP. The show command displays the contents of the data dictionary, known as the schema. PC-DBMS uses the schema internally. THE REMOVE COMMAND The table JOIN_TBL you created with a select command keeps appearing when show commands are executed. Let's remove it from the schema. Execute REMOVE JOIN_TBL and try a show command to confirm the deletion. The file JOIN_TBL.DAT which contained the table is not deleted. Only the schema is altered. THE DISPLAY COMMAND The display command invokes the display utility to add, delete or modify records. The utility automatically creates a full screen data entry form. [THE FOLLOWING EXERCISES WILL PERMANENTLY MODIFY THE SAMPLE DATA BASE. BE SURE YOU ARE USING A COPY.] Suppose we want to add a record to the COMP table. Execute DISPLAY/INPUT COMP and watch the data entry screen appear. Note that INPUT appears at the bottom right. Field names are placed next to blocks for field values. 3-10 HANDS ON TUTORIAL THE DISPLAY COMMAND The display utility has its own help; press F1. After you read the help text on screen, press any key to restore the data entry form. Let's enter a record for another composer. In the block marked NAME, type Dvorak, A. Then press tab. The cursor now jumps to the BORN block. Enter 1841 and press tab. Enter the entire four field record: Dvorak, A. 1841 1904 Czechoslovakia If you entered a field incorrectly, return to it by pressing F9 or tab repeatedly. Then type over the erroneous entry. The cursor keys will move you around within each field block. Try editing even if you didn't make an error. Press F7 to add this record to the COMP table. The record will be stored if the two numeric fields contain numbers. If there is a defective entry for a number, an error message will appear on the bottom line and the cursor will be placed in the offending field block for you to make a correction. After adding a record, the field blocks are cleared so you can enter another record. For now, press F10 to leave the display utility and return to the main screen. If you like, confirm the addition of Dvorak's record by executing SELECT COMP.ALL. Now, let's use the display utility to fix the error in Beethoven's record. Execute DIS\EDIT COMP and note that the same data entry screen reappears except now it shows QUERY at the bottom right rather than INPUT. First, we have to find Beethoven's record. Then we have to edit and store it. The QUERY screen finds records which are then displayed on the EDIT screen. 3-11 HANDS ON TUTORIAL THE DISPLAY COMMAND Beethoven was born in 1770 so we will find all records containing a birth year of 1770. This will bring up Beethoven's record and possibly others. Tab to the BORN field block on the QUERY screen and enter 1770. Press F7 to start the search for 1770 records. At the bottom right, QUERY changes to EDIT and a 1770 record appears. It's Beethoven's record. Tab to the COUNTRY block. Beethoven lived mainly in Austria, not Germany. Make the change by typing over the incorrect entry. Press F6 to save the corrected record. If you wanted to delete the record, you could press F4 instead. Or you could press F7 to leave it intact. Here are the choices: F4 = delete record \ F6 = change record to edited one > & display next record F7 = leave unchanged / F10 = leave unchanged, return to QUERY screen F4, F6 and F7 cause display of the next 1770 record, if there is one. However, Beethoven's is the only 1770 record so the screen clears and a message "No more records" appears. Press any key. The QUERY screen reappears. You can now repeat the cycle of finding records (QUERY screen) and correcting them (EDIT screen). From the QUERY screen, you can exit to the main screen by pressing F10. Do so. THE DEFINE COMMAND The define command invokes the define utility which adds definitions of tables and their fields to the schema. The utility consists of two prompting screens. The first screen is used to describe a table. The second screen is for describing a field. 3-12 HANDS ON TUTORIAL THE DEFINE COMMAND Let's define a new table with two fields. Execute DEFINE. The first of the prompting screens replaces the main screen. It asks a sequence of four questions about the new table. Figure 3-6 shows the screen with all questions answered. Complete your screen similarly. Use the backspace and cursor keys for editing. The second screen appears when you press return after the last question. --------------------------------------------------------- DESCRIPTION OF NEW TABLE Name of table: ORCHESTRAS File spec of file to hold ORCHESTRAS: ORCHSTRA.TXT Enter description of table (optional): INFORMATION ABOUT SOME ORCHESTRAS Enter code for record terminator: 2 0 Nothing 1 Carriage return 2 Carriage return- line feed F10 to quit --------------------------------------------------------- Figure 3-6. The define utility's first or table definition screen The second screen asks a sequence of five questions about the new tables's first field. Figure 3-7 shows the screen with all questions answered. Complete your screen similarly. 3-13 HANDS ON TUTORIAL THE DEFINE COMMAND --------------------------------------------------------- DESCRIPTION OF FIELD Name of field: ORCHESTRA Data Type Choices Enter first letter of data type: T Text Number Filler How wide in characters is field ORCHESTRA? 25 Index field (Y/N)? N Enter description of field (optional): THE ORCHESTRA'S NAME, E.G., CHICAGO SYMPHONY F10 to stop defining fields --------------------------------------------------------- Figure 3-7. The define utility's second or field definition screen When you press return after the last question, the same field definition screen restarts so you can define the second field. Complete it. Here are the five questions and answers for the second field. FIELD NAME CONDUCTOR DATA TYPE T FIELD WIDTH 19 INDEX N VERBAL DESCRIPTION Last name, first name of music director 3-14 HANDS ON TUTORIAL THE DEFINE COMMAND The field definition screen is now prompting for another field's description but we're finished. To terminate the field definition cycle, press F10. Now the first or table definition screen reappears. You could define another table and its fields but we're done. Press F10 to exit the definition utility and restore the main screen. Try SHO\FIELDS ORCHESTRAS to confirm addition of the new table to the schema. If you want, add records to the table with DIS\INPUT ORCHESTRAS. THE KEY AND DEKEY COMMANDS PC-DBMS can index a field. The index or key works like a book's index; it speeds searches. In addition, a key can provide a sorted retrieval without doing a sort. You can tell if a field is keyed from the KEY column in the SHOW\FIELD command's output. See Figure 3-5. If a field is keyed, its index will be updated whenever a value in that field is added, deleted or changed by the display utility. Index updating slows file maintenance and indices use disk space so only certain fields should be keyed. A field starts life without indexing if created by the SELECT ... INTO command. It may start out indexed if created by the define utility. See Figure 3-7's fourth question. If a field does not already have an index, you can give it one with the key command. Execute KEY COMP.NAME. Confirm the indexing with SHOW/FIE COMP. Try SELECT COMP.ALL SORTED BY NAME. The retrieval will be sorted and a little faster than without the key. The speed up is dramatic on tables with many records. 3-15 HANDS ON TUTORIAL THE KEY AND DEKEY COMMANDS You can remove a key with the dekey command. Execute DEKEY COMP.NAME. Now try SELECT COMP.ALL SORTED BY NAME. Did you notice the slow down? Indexing is especially important in joins. Consider SELECT COMP.ALL OPUS.WORK WHERE OPUS.COMPOSER = COMP.NAME AND BORN > 1800. The join condition, OPUS.COMPOSER = COMP.NAME, will process much more quickly if at least one of the two fields is keyed. The COMP.BORN condition also will process more quickly if that field is keyed. However, the where clause exploits no more than one index per table. Hence, keys will be most used if they're on fields in different tables, e.g., on OPUS.COMPOSER and COMP.BORN. Indexing is never necessary in PC-DBMS. It only accelerates processing, sometimes dramatically, though. THE EXIT COMMAND There is an exit command but the simple way to execute it is to press F10. You're now back at the DOS level and done with PC-DBMS. 3-16 CHAPTER 4 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF A PC-DBMS DATA BASE A PC-DBMS data base consists of three kinds of files. The data base definitions (schema) reside in one file that has a "DEF" extension. Its file name is the name of the data base. This file must exist. The schema file must be in the current directory of the logged drive. The data of a data base are in named tables that have records and fields. Each table resides in its own file. Nothing else is in these files. The name of the file may be different from the name of the table it contains. There may be any number of data files associated with a data base. Indices are in the third type of file. There may be zero or one index files for each data file. Each index file holds the indices for all the keyed fields of the corresponding data file. The disk drive and file name of the index file are the same as the drive and file name of the corresponding data file. However, the index file's extension is IDX. 4-1 GENERAL LIMITATIONS LIMITATIONS Each table may have up to 32767 records including deleted records. Each record may have up to 999 fields. The schema file holds up to 32767 records. It uses one record for each table and another for each field. Deleting definition records (with the remove command) does not reduce the count. DATA FILE STRUCTURE, IMPORT AND EXPORT Each data file contains the entirety of one table and nothing else. The file is an ASCII representation of the table. That is, there is no packing or data compression and numbers are represented as text, not in binary or other format. The use of ASCII files to represent tables facilitates import and export of tables between PC-DBMS and other applications. The show\fields command is used to obtain the definition of a table for export. Use the define utility to describe an imported table to PC-DBMS. Indices may be unreliable if an indexed table is altered by another program. Indices should be rebuilt. Also, record counts exhibited by the show command are not reliable on tables supplied or altered externally. However, the erroneous record count is innocuous. PC-DBMS flags a deleted record by placing a backslash (\) in the first character position. 4-2 GENERAL OBJECT NAMES OBJECT NAMES The names of data bases, tables and fields consist of alphanumeric characters and the underscore (_). The first character of a name must be alphabetic. Do not use PC-DBMS's keywords as names. See Appendix A. Although PC-DBMS will accept non-conforming names, the consequences are unpredictable. Case does not matter. Data base names are 1-8 characters. Table and field names are 1-16 characters. However, tables created by the select ... into command are limited to 1-8 character names. Most commands use "qualified field names." A qualified field name is a field name preceded by the name of its table and a period. For example, COMP.BORN is the field BORN from the table COMP. THE PC-DBMS EDITOR Upon invoking the program, its main screen will appear. A framed window is at the top left. Commands are typed into it. A word processing type editor operates in the command window. The same editor operates in the field blocks of the data entry form created by the display command. The following describes the editor. There are two modes, insert and replace. The default mode is insert in the command window. The cursor is "low" in this mode. Pressing the "Ins" key toggles between the modes. In the display utility, only the replace mode is available and the cursor is "high." In insert mode, each entered character pushes those after it rightward. If a word would be pushed out of the display area, a flying reform occurs. That is, the last word is put at the beginning of the next line (word wrap) and all text that was on that line is pushed right which may cause word wrap and reform of the following line and 4-3 GENERAL THE PC-DBMS EDITOR so forth. In replace mode, an entered character replaces the one that was at the cursor. The following applies to both modes. The delete key deletes the character under the cursor and the backspace key deletes the preceding character. The line is closed up in either case by shifting subsequent characters left. The four cursor keys function. The Home and End keys move the cursor to the beginning and end of the current line. The Page Up key moves the cursor to the first position in the window or field block. Carriage return breaks a line at the cursor. That is, all characters at and after the cursor are shifted to the next line. A flying reform will occur. (Carriage return does not initiate command execution.) COMMAND FORMATTING AND EXECUTION Commands may spread over as many lines as necessary. There is no continuation character. Words or items in a command are separated by one or more spaces. The space is the only separator recognized by PC-DBMS. Numbers may be preceded by a sign and may contain a decimal point. They may be followed immediately by "E" or "e" and a signed or unsigned integer to obtain scientific representation. For example, VELOCITY > 3.35E+11. 4-4 GENERAL COMMAND FORMATTING AND EXECUTION Character strings must be entered in quotes. For example, NAME = "Smith". Use a pair of quotes to embed a quote mark in a string. For example, NAME = "Herman ""Babe"" Ruth". Comments, which are ignored by PC-DBMS, may be placed in commands. They are preceded by an apostrophe ('). A comment ends a command. PC-DBMS keywords may be entered in upper, lower or mixed case. They may be truncated to three or more characters. The F3 key clears the window and puts the previous command into it for possible editing. The F7 key executes the command in the window. (Carriage return is used for editing only.) If the command is flawed, an error or warning message will be issued. Command execution is aborted if there is an error. If only a warning is given, execution will proceed. Most messages are errors. The F10 key executes the exit command, terminating the program and returning the user to the operating system. HELP A help facility is available in the main screen. Press F1 to obtain the first page of a multi-page menu of help topics. The menu and cursor appear in the bottom half of the main screen, occluding any data display that was there. Cycle through the menu pages by pressing F9 or quit help by pressing F10. Obtain the help message on a menu item by pressing the function key (F1-F8) corresponding to that item's menu number (1-8). The message remains in the bottom half of the main screen although the cursor returns to the command window. 4-5 GENERAL HELP The data display occluded by the help menu and messages can be restored by pressing F2. 4-6 CHAPTER 5 COMMAND REFERENCE OVERVIEW The commands summarized in Table 5-1 are implemented in PC-DBMS. Subsequent sections document them. COMMAND FUNCTION DEFINE invokes define utility to update schema DEKEY removes an index DISPLAY invokes display utility to update a table EXIT terminates execution of PC-DBMS KEY builds an index OPEN makes available an existing or new data base OUTPUT redirects output to file or printer REMOVE removes table from the data base SELECT retrieves records from one or two tables SHOW displays portion of schema TOLERANCE sets tolerance used for numeric comparisons Table 5-1. Summary of PC-DBMS commands. 5-1 COMMAND REFERENCE NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS Syntax forms for the commands use the following notational conventions. - Lower case words indicate that you should substitute a word or value of your choice. - Upper case words are keywords and they should be used where shown. However, keywords can be truncated to three or more characters and can be entered in upper or lower case. - Brackets ([]) indicate optional elements. - Ellipses (...) indicate the preceding item(s) may be repeated one or more times. DEFINE The define command is issued after the open command is given for a new or existing data base. It invokes the define utility to enter definitions of tables and their fields. The syntax is: DEFINE The define utility is conversational. It presents two data entry screens. The first screen accepts the description of a table. The second screen accepts descriptions of that table's fields. The first or table screen prompts for the table's name, the specification of the file containing it, the record termination character and an optional verbal description. 5-2 COMMAND REFERENCE DEFINE When that screen is completed, the second screen type appears for entry of field data -- field name, data type, field width, indexing and an optional verbal description. When completed, the screen reappears blank for definition of the next field. If there is no "next" field, press F10 and the first data entry screen will reappear to define the next table. Then, if there is no "next" table, press F10 to exit the define utility. File specifications may not include path names but drive names may be used. If a drive name is given, the file must always be on that disk drive. If no drive name is given, the file must be on the logged (default) drive which you can set at the DOS level. The table screen prompts for a number to describe the end of record terminator. Enter 0 for no terminator, 1 for carriage return and 2 for carriage return-line feed. The choice of 2 facilitates processing the file outside PC-DBMS. Fields may have one of three data types: text, number or filler. Filler fields may contain anything -- blanks, numbers or text. The indexing and description information is not solicited for filler fields. Filler fields can be displayed with the select command but may not be used in where or sort clauses. The display utility ignores them; on input, they are blank filled. Filler fields are useful in masking columns of extraneous material in imported files or to insert blanks between fields during input. If a field is more than 141 characters wide, it cannot be indexed so the index prompt will not appear. If the data base is to include a table in an imported file, its definition must exactly describe the file. Filler fields of any desired width can be used. Any record whose first character is a backslash (\) will be considered deleted. 5-3 COMMAND REFERENCE DEKEY DEKEY The dekey command updates the schema so that it shows the named field as not keyed. It has no affect on the index file but the old index will never be usable. The syntax is: DEKEY qfn Qfn is a qualified field name. For example, DEKEY OPUS.WORK changes the schema so that field WORK in table OPUS is regarded as not keyed. When a field is indexed, it is necessary to maintain the indices when records are added, changed or deleted. Dekeying avoids this overhead. DISPLAY The display command projects a data entry form on the screen. The form consists of background text and field blocks corresponding to non-filler fields in the data table. The syntax is: DISPLAY [\INPUT] table_name [WHERE ] \QUERY \EDIT The display form operates on a single table given by table_name. That table may have up to 60 fields. Some tables may be rejected because all their non-filler fields cannot be squeezed onto the screen. A form will be created dynamically. Display fields corresponding to data fields appear as rectangular blocks; they are one or more characters wide and one or more lines high. 5-4 COMMAND REFERENCE DISPLAY The display command has four forms. With the \QUERY qualifier, a select command is composed for use as the next command. If \INPUT is specified, new records are entered and appended to the table. The default \EDIT qualifier permits retrieval, editing and deletion of existing records. The where clause form of the command also retrieves records for editing and deletion, those satisfying the where clause. Screen layouts are similar for all forms; only the bottom information lines differ. The various forms are discussed below. An example of the \INPUT form is DISPLAY\INPUT COMP In this example, a form will be projected with a blank field for each non-filler data field in the COMP table. Next to each field, its name will be shown. At the bottom right of the screen, INPUT will be displayed to identify the function. The rest of the bottom line gives other useful information. Fill in all fields (or leave some blank) and press F7 to store the new record. The form reappears with blank fields to enter another record. Press F10 to exit the display utility. However, exiting does not store any record still on screen. The \QUERY form of the display command helps compose certain select commands. The form shows QUERY at the bottom right and has blank fields. Fill in up to ten of them and press F7. This exits the display utility and restores the main screen. A select command resulting from the QUERY form entries will be in the command window. Edit, erase or execute it. It will have AND connectives, no parentheses, no negations, = comparisons and ALL in its display list. For example, suppose you invoke the display utility with DISPLAY\QUERY COMP 5-5 COMMAND REFERENCE DISPLAY You enter 1770 in the BORN field and Beethoven, L. in the NAME field. After pressing F7, the main screen reappears with the following in the command window: SELECT COMP.ALL WHERE NAME="Beethoven, L." AND BORN=1770 The command can be edited if it's unsuitable. For example, only certain fields might be desired in the output. The \EDIT form of the display command is used to find and edit or delete records. Two phases repeat in a cycle. First, a screen query is executed. Second, qualifying records are displayed one after the other on the form for editing and deletion. When the editing and deletion are complete, the blank query screen reappears to repeat the process. For example, to edit records in the COMP table, the command is DISPLAY\EDIT COMP The query phase of the cycle is almost identical to the DISPLAY\QUERY function. A form appears with QUERY at the bottom right and blank fields. Fill in up to ten fields and press F7 to execute the query. Alternatively, press F10 to exit from the display utility. If F7 was pressed, all the qualifying records are displayed one at a time on the form. The bottom line will now show editing prompts and EDIT at the right. As each qualifying record is displayed, do one of three things: leave it unchanged, edit it or delete it. To leave it unchanged, press F7. To edit it, make the desired changes on screen and press F6. To delete it, press F4. In any case, the next qualifying record will be displayed. However, to return to the first (query) phase, press F10. It is not possible to exit the display 5-6 COMMAND REFERENCE DISPLAY utility directly from the edit screen. After all qualifying records have been displayed, the screen will clear and the following message will appear: NO (MORE) RECORDS QUALIFY Press any key to continue After pressing a key, the query screen reappears to begin the query-edit cycle anew. Alternatively, press F10 to exit the display utility. DISPLAY\EDIT is the default. That is, if there is no where clause and no qualifier (\), then the \EDIT qualifier is assumed. The last form of the display command is the only one that uses the where clause. Any qualifier is ignored. This form of the command retrieves for editing and deletion records which satisfy the where clause. The where clause is documented under the select command. The default table name at the beginning of the clause is table_name. A second table can be referenced in the clause. Qualifying records are projected on the same edit screen used with the \EDIT form of the command. However, after the last record has been processed, the display utility is exited. For example, one way to retrieve Beethoven's record for editing is with this command: DISPLAY COMP WHERE NAME $ "Beethoven" When text fields are entered or displayed on screen forms, quote marks are treated as ordinary characters; they are not string delimiters. Hence, use one quote for each quote mark you wish to embed in the record. 5-7 COMMAND REFERENCE DISPLAY Numbers are entered according to the rules for numbers in commands. See COMMAND FORMATTING AND EXECUTION in chapter 4. The PC-DBMS editor operates in each field block. However, only replace mode is available. See THE PC-DBMS EDITOR in chapter 4. To move the cursor forwards from one field to the next, press tab. Press F9 to move it backwards. A help screen is available by pressing F1. Whenever records are added, deleted or modified by the display utility, the corresponding index file is automatically updated. However, if more than 13 fields are indexed, only the first 13 will be updated. The indices on the other fields will be incorrect. They should be dekeyed and then rebuilt with the key command. In practice, few tables have more than 13 keys. EXIT The exit command terminates execution of PC-DBMS and returns the user to the operating system. The command's syntax is EXIT but it can be issued by pressing F10. KEY The key command builds an index for the specified field and updates the schema to reflect that fact. The syntax is: KEY qfn 5-8 COMMAND REFERENCE KEY Qfn is a qualified field name. For example, KEY OPUS.WORK builds an index for the field WORK in the table OPUS. The index will be updated when the table is altered by the display command. Indexing will be aborted and an error message displayed if an attempt is made to key a field wider than 141 characters. OPEN Open is typically the first command the user gives. It makes an existing data base available. If the data base does not exist, its schema file will be created. The command syntax is: OPEN dbname Dbname is the name of the existing or new data base. For example, OPEN MUSIC. There is no close command. An open data base will be closed when the exit or open command is given. OUTPUT The output command is used to redirect the output of the show and select commands to a file or to a device such as a printer. The syntax is: OUTPUT [file-spec] File-spec is the name of the file or device. For example, OUTPUT FILE.DAT sends output to a disk file and OUTPUT LPT1: prints the output. If no file specification is given, the screen default will be restored. 5-9 COMMAND REFERENCE OUTPUT If file-spec is a disk file which already exists, it will be deleted and a new file of the same name created. The redirected output will include column headings. A file created by this command will not become part of the data base. That function is served by the "into" clause of the select command. REMOVE The remove command marks as deleted the schema definition of the named table(s). The syntax is: REMOVE table_name [...] For example, REMOVE CUSTOMERS BALANCES removes the two named tables. The data files are unaffected by this command but they can no longer be accessed. SELECT The select command retrieves data from the tables. It is capable of gathering data from one or two tables, filtering and sorting the retrieved records, displaying up to 12 of their fields in any order, and writing the result to a new table which becomes a part of the data base. The output ordinarily is written to the bottom half of the screen or whatever target is specified by the output command. However, output will be written to the designated new table if the into clause is used. The abbreviated syntax is: SELECT qfn's [WHERE ] [SORTED BY ] [INTO new_table_name] 5-10 COMMAND REFERENCE SELECT The first clause, qfn's, is the only necessary one. It is a list of qualified field names to be displayed. The fields can come from one or two tables. An example of a two table retrieval is SELECT COMP.NAME COMP.BORN OPUS.WORK. If more than twelve fields are specified, additional ones will be ignored and the query will be executed. The display will be truncated to accommodate screen width. To display all fields of a table, two special qfn's can be used. The table name and period are as usual but the field name is either ALL or ALLF. For example, SELECT COMP.ALL displays all non-filler fields of the COMP table. ALLF is used when the filler fields are also desired. Each time a table name is encountered (in a qfn), that table becomes the default. Subsequent field names which omit the table name and period reference the default table. For example, SELECT COMP.NAME COUNTRY OPUS.ALL displays two fields from COMP and all fields from OPUS. Figure 5-1 is an example of a simple select command. 5-11 COMMAND REFERENCE SELECT SELECT COMP.ALL NAME BORN DIED COUNTRY Tchaikovsky, P. 1840 1893 Russia Brahms, J. 1833 1897 Germany Verdi, G. 1813 1901 Italy Handel, G. 1685 1759 England Mozart, W. 1756 1791 Austria Bach, J. 1685 1750 Germany Chopin, F. 1810 1849 France Beethoven, L. 1770 1827 Germany Haydn, F. 1732 1809 Austria Mendelssohn, F. 1809 1847 Germany Debussy, C. 1862 1918 France Figure 5-1. A simple select command. The where clause is optional. A where clause contains one to ten comparisons (conditions) connected by ANDs and ORs. A record must satisfy the where clause to be displayed. For example, attaching the where clause WHERE BORN>1799 to the preceding query would eliminate from the display the five composers born before 1800. The eight comparisons are shown in Table 5-2. COMPARISON REPRESENTATION less than < less than or equal to <= equal to = greater than or equal to >= greater than > unequal to <> contains $ does not contain % Table 5-2. The eight comparison operators. 5-12 COMMAND REFERENCE SELECT On one side of the comparison there must be a field name, possibly qualified. On the other side, there may be another field name, possibly qualified, or a constant, numeric or text as appropriate. The elements on the two sides of the comparison must be of the same data type, both numeric or both text. Filler fields may not be used in comparisons. All eight operators can be used with text elements. Only the first six can be used with numeric elements. Spaces before and after the operator are optional. For numeric comparisons, the default tolerance is zero. The tolerance can be altered with the tolerance command. Text constants used with the first six comparison operators are right padded with blanks to match the length of the field element on the other side of the comparison. If a text constant is longer than the field element, the query will be rejected. Text comparisons use the ASCII collating sequence. Hence, WHERE NAME>"B" excludes NAMEs beginning with "A". The $ and % operators test whether the left hand element contains the right hand element. For example, NAME $ "Bee" is true for the Beethoven record but false for the other composers. The % operator returns the opposite result. The default table name in the where clause is inherited from the qfn list but is changed each time a qualified field name is encountered. Fields from different tables may appear in the same comparison. If qfn's from different tables are in the display list, it is likely there will be at least one cross-table comparison. For example, Figure 5-2 shows a join of composers (COMP) with their works (OPUS). 5-13 COMMAND REFERENCE SELECT SELECT COMP.ALL OPUS.WORK WHERE COMPOSER=COMP.NAME NAME BORN DIED COUNTRY WORK Brahms, J. 1833 1897 Germany Lullaby Beethoven, L. 1770 1827 Germany Symphony No. 5 Figure 5-2. Using select for a join. The 11 records in COMP are paired with the 2 in OPUS for 22 possible combinations. Of those 22, only the two which have identical values of COMP.NAME and OPUS.COMPOSER are displayed. (This conceptual execution of a join is not necessarily how PC-DBMS implements it.) PC-DBMS permits up to ten comparisons to be used, linked together by ANDs and ORs. For example, to find composers who lived entirely in the nineteenth century, use SELECT COMP.ALL WHE BORN>1799 AND DIED<1900 The complement to this set of composers is the set of composers not alive at any time during the nineteenth century. One way to find them is with the complement operator, NOT. For example, SELECT COMP.ALL WHE NOT ( BORN>1799 AND DIED<1900 ) NOT makes anything that is true false and vice versa. It is typically used on a combination of comparisons as above because the individual comparisons have their own complements. For example, NOT NAME>"Smith" is just NAME<= "Smith". Space between NOT and ( is optional. Parentheses, nested to any desired depth, can be used to alter the order of evaluation of a where clause. In the preceding comparison, parentheses assure that the two comparisons are evaluated and combined and then that result is negated. 5-14 COMMAND REFERENCE SELECT Like algebra, there is an order of evaluation in where clauses. Comparisons are evaluated (to true and false) first. Then NOTs are applied. AND comes next and OR is last. A table may be referenced for the first time in the command in the where clause. The sorted by clause is also optional. It contains a list of one to five field names from tables referenced earlier in the command. The first field name is the major sort key and the last is the minor sort key. Filler fields may not be used. The default sorting order is ascending (aardvarks before zebras). To get descending order on a key, follow it with "\d" or "\D". Use "\a" or "\A" to get ascending order, the default. For example, Figure 5-3 shows retrieval of composers in reverse order of birth and break ties (Bach and Handel) by alphabetizing their names. SEL COMP.ALL SOR BY BORN\D NAME NAME BORN DIED COUNTRY Debussy, C. 1862 1918 France Tchaikovsky, P. 1840 1893 Russia Brahms, J. 1833 1897 Germany Verdi, G. 1813 1901 Italy Chopin, F. 1810 1849 France Mendelssohn, F. 1809 1847 Germany Beethoven, L. 1770 1827 Germany Mozart, W. 1756 1791 Austria Haydn, F. 1732 1809 Austria Bach, J. 1685 1750 Germany Handel, G. 1685 1759 England Figure 5-3. A select command with sorting. 5-15 COMMAND REFERENCE SELECT The select command will abort with an error message if the output string is too wide. The output string contains the fields to be displayed plus two spaces between adjacent fields. Spaces are suppressed if the into clause is present. Add to the output string width the width of the widest sort field. The sum may not exceed 141. The optional into clause comes last. It makes the retrieved table part of the data base by writing the output to a file and making appropriate entries in the schema. Only an information message will be displayed on screen. Into is followed by the name for the new table. That name follows the conventions for naming tables but may not exceed eight characters. The name may not already be in use as a table name. The file for the table will have the table's name as its file name and DAT as its extension. It will be in the current directory of the logged drive. No drive will be recorded for it in the schema. The new table will have no indices. No more than two tables can be referenced prior to the into clause. An example of a complex select command follows. It illustrates simultaneous use of all the clauses. SELECT COMP.COUNTRY COMP.BORN OPUS.ALL WHERE COMPOSER=COMP.NAME AND NOT (DIED<1900 AND BORN>1799) SORT BY NAME BORN\D INTO NU_TABLE During output, scrolling can be suspended by pressing the control-num lock or control-S key and resumed by pressing any other key. The F10 key aborts output. 5-16 COMMAND REFERENCE SELECT Skeletal select commands can be composed easily with the DISPLAY\QUERY command. SHOW The show command displays a portion of the schema. The syntax is: SHOW [\FIELDS] [\DESCRIBE] [table_name ...] The optional qualifiers \FIELDS and \DESCRIBE determine what kind of information is retrieved from the schema. It is possible to use zero, one or two qualifiers. Note that SHOW\FIELDS\DESCRIBE has the same effect as SHOW\DESCRIBE\FIELDS. The FIELDS qualifier displays information on fields. Without this qualifier, information on tables is retrieved. The DESCRIBE qualifier retrieves verbal descriptions. Without this qualifier, tabular information is retrieved. If one or more tables is named, only information on those tables is retrieved. Otherwise, data on all tables is shown. Four examples follow. They show all possible combinations of the qualifiers (one, the other, both, neither). For brevity, schema information is retrieved for only one table. The unqualified show command produces tabular information on one or more tables. See Figure 5-4. 5-17 COMMAND REFERENCE SHOW SHOW COMP 'info on table COMP TABLE NAME FILE RECORDS FIELDS EOR MODIFIED COMP COMPOSER.DAT 11 6 2 01-11-85 Figure 5-4. The show command without qualifiers. The output exhibits the number of records and fields. EOR gives the end of record terminator; 0 means no terminator, 1 means carriage return and 2 means carriage return-line feed. With just the DESCRIBE qualifier, show displays a verbal description of one or more tables. See Figure 5-5. SHO\DESCRIBE COMP 'description of table COMP TABLE NAME DESCRIPTION COMP information about some composers Figure 5-5. The show\describe command. With just the FIELDS qualifier, show displays tabular information about the fields of one or more tables. See Figure 5-6. 5-18 COMMAND REFERENCE SHOW SHO\FIELDS COMP 'info on fields in table COMP FIELD NAME TYPE KEY FROM TO TABLE COMP NAME T N 1 19 BORN N N 20 23 filler1 F N 24 24 DIED N N 25 28 filler2 F N 29 29 COUNTRY T N 30 44 Figure 5-6. The show\fields command. The TYPE column indicates the field's data type: T for text, N for numeric and F for filler. KEY indicates if the field is indexed: Y for yes and N for no. The FROM and TO columns show each field's starting and ending positions in the data file. Show with both qualifiers (either order) exhibits verbal descriptions of the fields of one or more tables. See Figure 5-7. 5-19 COMMAND REFERENCE SHOW SHO\FIE\DES COMP 'descriptions of fields in COMP FIELD NAME DESCRIPTION TABLE COMP NAME the composer's last name and first initial BORN the year the composer was born filler1 DIED the year of the composer's death filler2 COUNTRY the composer's country of residence Figure 5-7. The show\fie\des command. During output, scrolling can be suspended by pressing the control-num lock or control-S key and resumed by pressing any other key. The F10 key aborts output. TOLERANCE The tolerance command sets the comparison tolerance used in processing where clauses. It affects only numerical comparisons. The syntax is TOLERANCE number The tolerance is set to the absolute value of number. The default value is zero, i.e., the value before this command is first given. Slight conversion errors occur in converting between decimal (used by people and stored in files) and binary (used internally by PC-DBMS) because the machine does not have infinite precision. Non-zero tolerance circumvents these errors. 5-20 COMMAND REFERENCE TOLERANCE The range created by tolerance can be exploited to simplify queries. For example, with zero tolerance, certain records are qualified by WHERE YEAR>=1895 AND YEAR<=1905 If tolerance is set to 5, the same records will, ignoring conversion errors, be qualified by WHERE YEAR=1900 Here are the formal tolerance rules. If F is a field with value a and r is another field or a user specified number and t is the tolerance, then the following are true conditions. F = r if and only if r-t <= a <= r+t F <> r if and only if a < r-t or a > r+t F > r if and only if a > r-t F >= r if and only if a >= r-t F < r if and only if a < r+t F <= r if and only if a <= r+t If NOT precedes a where clause condition, the operator of the condition will be complemented and the NOT removed when the condition is processed. For example, NOT YEAR > 1900 is processed as YEAR <= 1900. If tolerance is 2, then records with YEAR greater than 1898 should be excluded. In fact, records with YEAR less than or equal to 1902 will be included. 5-21 APPENDIX A KEYWORDS PC-DBMS keywords can be truncated to three or more characters and entered in upper, lower or mixed case. The keywords and their truncations should not be used for names of data bases, tables or fields. A list of keywords is in Table A-1. ALL INTO ALLF KEY AND OPEN BY OR DEFINE OUTPUT DEKEY QUERY DESCRIBE REMOVE DISPLAY SELECT EDIT SHOW EXIT SORTED FIELDS TOLERANCE INPUT WHERE Table A-1. The keywords of PC-DBMS. A-1 APPENDIX B THE RELATIONAL MODEL PC-DBMS is a data base management system which implements the relational model of data management. This appendix describes the relational model and how to design data bases around it. Relational data bases contain data tables. These are familiar objects; they have rows called records and columns called fields. Data bases typically have more than one table. For a given information content, a data base might have one, two, three or more tables. How many tables should contain that information? Which fields should be put into which tables? The purpose of this appendix is to help you answer those questions, i.e., to help you design your data base. If you're still looking for more information when you finish, you might consult C. J. Date, "An Introduction to Database Systems," (Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1976). We will progress through several data bases, each better organized than the last. First, consider the one table data base in Figure B-1. B-1 THE RELATIONAL MODEL NAME_1 SSNO_1 NAME_2 SSNO_2 Jack 123-45-6789 Mary 987-65-4321 Figure B-1. A table with repeating fields. There are four fields and one record. It is obvious that the fields repeat; the second pair of fields contain the same sort of information as the first pair. This kind of table is called unnormalized. Suppose we have to find Mary's Social Security number. We would have to search the NAME_1 field and the NAME_2 field for "Mary". She might be in either one. This is a difficult query. More difficult still is a join, that is, connecting the records in this table with the records in another table on the basis of a common field like Social Security number. Each record has two such numbers. Which one should be used? Unnormalized tables can be normalized simply. Just make additional records of the repeating fields as in Figure B-2. NAME SSNO Jack 123-45-6789 Mary 987-65-4321 Figure B-2. A normalized table. Normalized tables are said to be in first normal form (1NF). Let's define a concept known as the primary key of a table. The primary key is a field or combination of fields which, when their values are specified, uniquely identifies no more than one record. For example, in a table with the two fields SSNO and BIRTH_PLACE, SSNO would be the primary key because for each listed Social B-2 THE RELATIONAL MODEL Security number there is only one birth place. BIRTH_PLACE cannot be the primary key because for a given BIRTH_PLACE there may be many Social Security numbers (people). If a table has a primary key, its records are unique. It may take several fields to comprise a primary key. For example, in a table which gives different people's incomes for different years, there are the fields SSNO, YEAR and INCOME. The first two uniquely identify the record; they are the primary key. Let's append a fourth field to this two field primary key table to study second normal form (2NF). The table is already in 1NF because its records do not contain lists or repeating fields. See Figure B-3. SSNO YEAR INCOME NAME 123-45-6789 1980 15000 Jack 987-65-4321 1980 22000 Mary 123-45-6789 1981 16500 Jack 987-65-4321 1981 24000 Mary Figure B-3. A table not in 2NF. Once both SSNO and YEAR are specified, the record can be identified and the other two fields looked up. Neither field in the primary key is sufficient to identify INCOME uniquely. For example, YEAR = 1980 identifies two records. The entire primary key, both fields, is necessary to identify INCOME. However, once SSNO is known, NAME can be looked up in Figure B-3. That is, NAME depends on less than all the fields in the primary key. In relational jargon, INCOME is fully functionally dependent on the primary key but NAME is only functionally dependent. B-3 THE RELATIONAL MODEL If all the non-key fields in a 1NF table are fully functionally dependent on the primary key, the table is in 2NF. Why should we care? Data base corruption is one reason we should care. For example, suppose in entering "Mary" twice, it was misspelled once as "Marie". Then, one Social Security number would correspond to two NAMEs. Note that full functional dependency implies only one value per non-key field (INCOME) for each primary key value. Incorrect replicates (Mary and Marie) cannot exist because multiple entries per primary key are precluded. Hence, consistency or integrity is one reason for 2NF. There are other reasons for preferring 2NF but let's go on to correct the problem. Split one table into two. See Figure B-4. SSNO YEAR INCOME SSNO NAME 123-45-6789 1980 15000 123-45-6789 Jack 987-65-4321 1980 22000 987-65-4321 Mary 123-45-6789 1981 16500 987-65-4321 1981 24000 Figure B-4. Tables in 2NF. Both tables are in 2NF. In the left table, SSNO and YEAR are the primary key and INCOME is fully functionally dependent on them. In the right table SSNO is the primary key and NAME is the non-key field (but full functional dependency is immaterial because of the one field primary key). Note that in the two table version of the data base, we can record Fred's Social Security number (right table) although there isn't enough information to make an entry for him in the left table. This capability did not exist in the single table (1NF) version. B-4 THE RELATIONAL MODEL The table in Figure B-5 is in 2NF but it still has problems. SSNO AGE HOME_TOWN AVG_TEMP 123-45-6789 32 Boston 53 987-65-4321 19 Dallas 59 369-47-5814 50 El Paso 59 421-63-9631 41 Boston 47 Figure B-5. A table not in 3NF. SSNO is the primary key of this table. The non-key fields, AGE, HOME_TOWN and AVG_TEMP, are functionally dependent on the primary key. (They are fully functionally dependent, too, but this is trivial for a one field primary key.) Observe that Boston has two average temperatures and they are different. True, this illustrates a data entry error. However, it is possible to structure a data base to guard against such errors. That's what third normal form (3NF) is for. In Figure B-5, there is a functional dependency between non-key fields. That is, AVG_TEMP is dependent on HOME_TOWN. Once HOME_TOWN is known, an uncorrupted data base would tell us AVG_TEMP. Dependency among non-key fields is permissible in 2NF but not in 3NF. The remedy, as before, is to split one table into two. See Figure B-6. SSNO AGE HOME_TOWN HOME_TOWN AVG_TEMP 123-45-6789 32 Boston Boston 53 987-65-4321 19 Dallas Dallas 59 369-47-5814 50 El Paso El Paso 59 421-63-9631 41 Boston Figure B-6. Tables in 3NF. B-5 THE RELATIONAL MODEL In each new table of Figure B-6, the left field is the primary key. In the left table, the two non-key fields are mutually independent -- knowing either does not identify the other. Hence, the left table is in 3NF. There is only one non-key field in the right table so 2NF implies 3NF. Aside from avoiding the corruption encountered earlier, it is also possible to record the AVG_TEMP for a HOME_TOWN even if we don't know the SSNO of anyone who lives there. That is, we can have a record in the right table without a correspondent in the left table. Similarly, we can have a record in the left table even if we don't know the AVG_TEMP of that person's HOME_TOWN. To sum up, a table in 1NF has no lists or repeating fields in its records. A 2NF table is a 1NF table in which each non-key field is fully functionally dependent on the entire primary key. Finally, a 3NF table is a 2NF table in which the non-key fields are mutually independent. A data base consisting of third normal form tables provides the most protection against corruption. It also permits tables to be modified individually, e.g., we don't have to know the age and Social Security of someone in Detroit to enter that city's average temperature in Figure B-6. B-6 APPENDIX C USER SUPPORTED SOFTWARE PC-DBMS is distributed as user supported software. You are encouraged to give copies of the distribution diskette to others. There is no license agreement but please pass along all files without modification. User groups and similar organizations may impose a nominal charge to cover the cost of duplication. The user supported concept of software is a significant innovation (not mine) which benefits both user and author. For the user, there is the convenience of leisurely evaluation of the program on your own system in your own home or office to see if it's right for your application. The low cost of user supported software distribution also makes possible a voluntary payment lower than the price of commercial software. And, of course, there's no copy protection to diminish the utility of the program. For the author, there is the satisfaction of getting a far larger number of copies into use than is possible with conventional marketing. Also, the interference of piracy is turned into a reinforcement in the distribution of the program. Finally, if you have dealt with a publisher, print or electronic, you understand the undesirability of that alternative. However, it doesn't work unless you want it to. If you USER SUPPORTED SOFTWARE find PC-DBMS useful, I hope you will register by making a voluntary payment of $35, by check or through your bank credit card. Beyond what you already have, this is what you will receive from me. - Support for a year. Comments, suggestions and especially bug reports are welcome from anyone. However, only registered users can expect replies to their questions. Support will be provided on a best efforts basis by mail and through CompuServe. My CompuServe id is 74216,3033. - Notices of subsequent PC-DBMS releases. Disks and documentation will be available as indicated below. - My thanks. PC-DBMS took a year to develop, test and document. I enjoyed every minute of it. Now, I ask that you send your voluntary payment with the order/payment form. A copy of that form is on the next page or, if you wish to leave your manual intact, another copy is in the file REQUEST.DOC. If you need an invoice, you'll find one following the order/payment form in both the manual and in REQUEST.DOC. IF YOU REGISTER BY FEBRUARY 1, 1986, WE WILL SEND YOU A FREE COPY OF THE TYPESET USER'S GUIDE. For quantity purchases of PC-DBMS or to distribute it in conjunction with your data base, contact Kware. Whether or not you register, you are welcome to purchase the typeset User's Guide ($10) or the program/documentation disk ($10) or both ($18). Purchasing materials is one way to support the continued development of PC-DBMS and to keep yourself supplied with the most current version. C-2 USER SUPPORTED SOFTWARE One way to keep current is to pre-order the next release. It will be sent to you as soon as it's issued. You'll get it faster and more reliably than through bulletin boards and user groups. Just mark "next release" on the applicable line of the order/payment form. To register or to order materials, enter your name and address on the form below and indicate the quantities desired of the various items in the quantity column. Pay by check or complete the credit card form. C-3 USER SUPPORTED SOFTWARE ORDER/PAYMENT FORM Name _____________________________ Phone ____________ Company _____________________________ Address _____________________________ _____________________________ City _________________ State ________ Zip _________ Description Qty Price Extension ----------- --- ----- --------- registration $35.00 User's Guide 10.00 PC-DBMS disk 10.00 Guide & disk 18.00 --------- Sub-total Tax @ 4% (Va. residents only) --------- Amount due Kware Please make check payable P.O. Box 16206 to Kware or complete Arlington, Va. 22215 credit card form below. Visa __ or Mastercard __ card # ___________________ exp mo/yr ______/______ signature ____________________ C-4 USER SUPPORTED SOFTWARE INVOICE Vendor: Kware, Inc. Federal EIN: 54-1304150 P. O. Box 16206 Arlington, Va. 22215 Date: / / Description Qty Price Extension ----------- --- ----- --------- PC-DBMS, $35.00 reg & support User's Guide 10.00 PC-DBMS disk 10.00 User's Guide 18.00 & disk --------- Sub-total Tax @ 4% (Va. residents only) --------- Amount due You may retain this invoice. C-5 INDEX All keyword . . . . . . . . . 3-5, 5-5, 5-11 Allf keyword . . . . . . . . . 5-11 Alphabetize . . . . . . . . 3-6, 5-15 And keyword . . . . . . . . . 3-6, 5-5, 5-12, 5-14 to 5-15 Apostrophe comment delimiter . . . . 4-5 Ascii . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2, 5-13 Backslash in deleted records . . . . 4-2, 5-3 Backspace key . . . . . . . 3-4, 3-6, 3-13, 4-4 Blank padding . . . . . . . 5-13 Brackets . . . . . . . . . . 5-2 Carriage return . . . . . . 3-4, 4-4 Case sensitivity . . . . . . . 4-3, 5-2, A-1 Character string . . . . . . 4-5 see also text string Close command . . . . . . . 5-9 Color . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1, 3-2 Command window . . . . . . . 3-4, 4-3, 4-5, 5-6 Comments in commands . . . . . . . 4-5 Comparison . . . . . . . . . 5-12 to 5-14, 5-20 see also condition Compuserve . . . . . . . . . C-2 Condition . . . . . . . . . 3-5, 5-12, 5-21 see also comparison Continuation character . . . 4-4 Control-num lock . . . . . . 5-16, 5-20 Control-s . . . . . . . . . 3-7, 3-9, 5-16, 5-20 Cursor keys . . . . . . . . 3-4, 3-11, 3-13, 4-4 Data dictionary . . . . . . 3-10 see also schema Default table . . . . . . . 3-7 to 3-8, 5-7, 5-11, 5-13 Index-1 Define command . . . . . . . 3-12, 5-2 Define utility . . . . . . . 3-12, 3-15, 4-2, 5-2 Dekey command . . . . . . . 3-15 to 3-16, 5-4 Delete key . . . . . . . . . 3-6, 4-4 Directory . . . . . . . . . 4-1, 5-16 see also subdirectory Display command . . . . . . 3-10, 5-4, 5-7, 5-9 Display utility . . . . . . 3-10 to 3-11, 3-15, 4-3, 5-3, 5-5 to 5-8 Distribution diskette . . . 2-1 Dos . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1, 2-3, 3-2, 3-16, 5-3 Drive names . . . . . . . . 5-3 Editor . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3, 5-8 Ellipses . . . . . . . . . . 5-2 End key . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 Errors see messages Exit command . . . . . . . . 3-16, 4-5, 5-8 Export data . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 F1 key . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3, 3-11, 4-5, 5-8 F10 key . . . . . . . . . . 3-7, 3-11 to 3-12, 3-15 to 3-16, 4-5, 5-3, 5-5 to 5-7, 5-16, 5-20 F2 key . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6 F3 key . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4, 4-5 F4 key . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12, 5-6 F6 key . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12, 5-6 F7 key . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4, 3-11 to 3-12, 4-5, 5-5 to 5-6 F9 key . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11, 4-5, 5-8 Field block . . . . . . . . 3-10 to 3-11, 4-3, 5-4, 5-8 Fields filler . . . . . . . . . . 3-9, 5-3, 5-13, 5-15 functionally dependent . . B-3 to B-6 numeric . . . . . . . . . 3-9, 5-3 text . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9, 5-3 File specifications . . . . 5-3 Files character positions in . . 3-9 data . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 to 4-2, 5-2, 5-16, 5-19 def . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 distribution . . . . . . . 2-1, C-1 Index-2 idx . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 index . . . . . . . . . . 4-1, 5-4, 5-8, 5-10 maintenance . . . . . . . 3-15 schema . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 to 4-2, 5-9 Flying reform editor . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 to 4-4 Functionally dependent see fields Help . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3, 3-11, 4-5 to 4-6, 5-8 Help menu . . . . . . . . . 3-3 Home key . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 Import data . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2, 5-3 Index . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 to 3-16, 5-4, 5-8 to 5-9, 5-16 see also key Insert mode editor . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 Installation . . . . . . . . 2-2 Into clause . . . . . . . . 3-7 to 3-8, 3-15, 5-10, 5-16 Invoice . . . . . . . . . . C-5 Join relational operation . . . 3-7 to 3-8, 3-16, 5-13 to 5-14, B-2 Key . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 to 3-16, 5-19 see also index Key command . . . . . . . . 3-15, 5-8 Keyword . . . . . . . . . . 4-3, A-1 see also truncation Main screen . . . . . . . . 3-2, 3-11 to 3-13, 3-15, 4-3, 4-5, 5-5 to 5-6 Menu see help menu Message window . . . . . . . 3-4 Messages error or warning . . . . . 3-4, 4-5 Names data base . . . . . . . . 4-3, A-1 field . . . . . . . . . . 4-3, A-1 Index-3 qualified field . . . . . 3-7, 4-3, 5-4, 5-9, 5-11, 5-13 table . . . . . . . . . . 4-3, A-1 into clause . . . . . . 5-16 Normal form . . . . . . . . B-2 to B-3, B-5 to B-6 Not keyword . . . . . . . . . 5-14 to 5-15, 5-21 Numbers representation . . . . . . 4-4 Open command . . . . . . . . 3-4, 5-9 Or keyword . . . . . . . . . 3-6, 5-12, 5-14 to 5-15 Output command . . . . . . . 5-9 to 5-10 Output window . . . . . . . 3-2 Parentheses . . . . . . . . 5-14 Path names . . . . . . . . . 5-3 Primary key . . . . . . . . B-2 to B-6 Printer . . . . . . . . . . 5-9 Qualified field names see names Quote mark text delimiter . . . . . . 3-6, 4-5, 5-7 Recall command . . . . . . . . . 3-8 Record terminator . . . . . 5-3, 5-18 Relational model . . . . . . B-1 Remove command . . . . . . . 3-10, 4-2, 5-10 Replace mode editor . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 to 4-4, 5-8 Schema . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10, 3-12, 4-1 to 4-2, 5-4, 5-8 to 5-10, 5-16 to 5-17 Scroll . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 to 3-7, 3-9, 5-20 Select command . . . . . . . 3-5, 3-7 to 3-8, 4-3, 5-3, 5-5, 5-9 to 5-11 Show command . . . . . . . . 3-8, 3-10, 5-9, 5-17 Sort clause . . . . . . . . 3-6, 5-3, 5-15 maximum width . . . . . . 5-16 Space . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4, 5-13 to 5-14 Subdirectory . . . . . . . . 2-3, 3-2 see also directory Index-4 Support . . . . . . . . . . C-2 Tab key . . . . . . . . . . 3-11, 5-8 Text string . . . . . . . . 3-6 see also character string Tolerance command . . . . . 5-13, 5-20 Truncation keyword . . . . . . . . . 3-8, 4-5, 5-2, A-1 User supported software . . C-1 Warnings see messages Welcome screen . . . . . . . 3-2 Where clause . . . . . . . . 3-5 to 3-6, 3-16, 5-3, 5-5, 5-7, 5-12 to 5-13 order of evaluation . . . 5-15 Word wrapping editor . . . . . . . . . . 3-4, 4-3 Index-5 TCOMP COMPOSER.DAT 11-25-198411-25-1984Information about some composers 11 11 46 62 FNAME TDAT 1 19N 11-25-1984 InformatioThe composer's last name and first initial FBORN NDAT 20 23N 11-25-1984 InformatioThe composer's year of birth Ffiller1 FDAT 24 24N 11-25-1984 Informatio FDIED NDAT 25 28N 11-25-1984 InformatioThe year the composer died Ffiller2 FDAT 29 29N 11-25-1984 Informatio FCOUNTRY TDAT 30 44N 11-25-1984 InformatioThe composer's principal country of residence TOPUS OPUS.DAT 11-25-198411-25-1984Descriptions of the works of some composers 2 2 46 22 FCOMPOSER Td 1 19N 11-25-1984 DescriptioThe composer's last name and first initial FWORK T 20 44N 11-25-1984 DescriptioThe name of the composer's work Brahms, J. Lullaby Beethoven, L. 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C;.|xPvd.P0P P0ZBP16+ />0>Z狝BCB.@.B K; xP /dK0tӹP,N!~udHd ;d~š dd@d +dCCCCdJ0t˚P,ngxP>0>Z狕B +..ItʚP,dá ;.|.H.T.`Ë>0>Z狝B ;..@.T.`Úv; S> t. 0H0>0>Z狝B ; |. .0F.`Úv; |S> t. 0@0>0>Z狝B ; |. .0F.`Ë0tdI^^P+^fVV.F`>ZӋBM*^P+M*߿!]˚*B.;F}C; |& +^ã.B00F.`d.T.` ;`uG`@`>`>Z狝BM*P+M*!r + CM* sn  M*P+M*!]*/dK`tӹP,N!~udHd ;d~š Hdd@d>`>Z狕B +ddHt^P,ʺ ښP+^fVV.^M*^˚P+û^P++ؚM*߿!rÚ*B KӋ^P,ȋFD^BNʓ^^V.^V*>`>ZӋBM*˚P+M*߿!rÚ*B KtӋ^P,DBʋV.xPËbC- +AO]ky>1^`1^}~1^o1D^Y1D^C1^52^'F2^z2^ 2^b F`^Pû F`PÃ>@u b<zbf#u2^ LÃ>@t bh#u bzz"~u 2">@| bREzT2X|\#u b 2n"ӻ * Jn˻jº9,ӻ"~u@; ًn@n ;n}sd"dD3ۚ+DJdPPJPG2;@~-02n"ӻ * n;d}d.2>rur+ndK""j9,r$~tJ2 #td+P,0%~uJ;uK #t6J!~u%˚(,.>.tN!ӚD(,..J˚9,,Dњ3ۚ+DJPJP#u(J!n;d}Xd.ӻ0%+.˚B, *"ٺ9,ӻ +Dњ0%+.ںj)"@+2C;0u29,d$~tP,TT$@ 2=>z3 ,D9,Tm$T~u>@> ;>}X20@0ÚP,P, *t#u 21 1nښM*@* * n˻ º^9,^"~VtJ^‹V9,3ۚ+~VtJ#V#u@;F|ْn@n ;n|qsN!D3ۚ+DJPPJP#3DB,z.ڋё^P,VN.n;d}nڋV ÚP,^d.Vӑ^NN.^˚B, *"ٺ9,ӻ +Dњj)"d@d ;d|ÚUvtUv<tĘ؉]U\N&ItxȺt&e$[RP.$..TزǶ u&5GGπu.F~t&GG;t&5GGuXZ t ò5<u<;r1799 AND COUNTRY="Austria" 'certain recs~SELECT COMP.ALL OPUS.WORK 'merges records from 2 tables~SELECT COMP.* OPUS.WORK WHERE COMPOSER=COMP.NAME 'a join~SEL COMP.ALL WHE BORN<=1800 SORT BY NAME 'sorted retrieval~The SHOW command displays part of the schema. The syntax is~~ SHOW [\FIELDS\DESCRIBE] [table_name(s)]~ \DESCRIBE~ \FIELDS~~If table names are given, only the information for those tables~will be displayed. Otherwise information for all tables will be~shown. If \FIELDS is present, data on fields will be given.~Otherwise the information will be about tables. That information~will be statistics on fields or tables unless \DESCRIBE is~specified in which case verbal descriptions will be given.~Two examples:~ SHOW\FIELDS COMP 'statistics on the fields of table COMP~ SHOW\DES 'descriptions of all tables~~The TOLERANCE command sets the comparison tolerance used in~processing where clauses. The syntax is~~ TOLERANCE number~~The tolerance is set to the absolute value of number. For example,~if the tolerance had been set to 5, the where clause YEAR=1900~would be satisfied by records with YEAR in the range 1895 to 1905.~~Decimal numbers are entered by users and numbers are saved in base~ten in files. However, the program works with binary numbers~internally. Slight conversion errors occur in converting between~bases. Non-zero tolerance circumvents these errors.~~~Help is available on the following topics and COMMANDS.~~F1 command entry/editing F2 DEFINE~F3 DEKEY F4 DISPLAY~F5 KEY F6 OPEN~F7 OUTPUT F8 REMOVE~F9 more choices F10 quit help~~ Press the function key for your choice.~~~~~~~Help is available on the following topics and COMMANDS.~~~~ F6 SELECT~F7 SHOW F8 TOLERANCE~F9 more choices F10 quit help~~ Press the function key for your choice.~~~~~~ WELCOME TO PC-DBMS (tm) !~ version 1.2~ (C) COPYRIGHT KWARE, 1985~~ Press any key to continue.~~ PC-DBMS is user supported software. Registration is $35 and includes~ update notices and a year's support.~ ͻ~ FREE User's Guide if you register by Feb. 1, 1986 ~ ͼ~~ Whether or not you register, please give away complete, unmodified~ copies of the PC-DBMS files and purchase these updates to support~ PC-DBMS development.~~ typeset User's Guide ............ $10 or both~ program and documentation disk ... 10 for $18~~ Kware Thank you~ P. O. Box 16206 Paul Kobrin~ Arlington, Va. 22215 CompuServe 74216,3033~~ (For Mastercard/Visa payment, see User's Guide.)~The display utility consists of three nearly identical data GENERAL~entry screens -- INPUT, QUERY and EDIT. The screen type is~shown in its bottom right corner. Which screen or screens~you get depends on the form of the display command you used.~~If you said DISPLAY\INPUT, only a blank INPUT screen will be INPUT~displayed. Fill in some or all of its blanks and press F7~to store the entries as a new record. The cycle of blank~screen, data entry, F7 repeats until you exit using F10.~~If you said DISPLAY\EDIT, a blank QUERY screen will appear. RECORD~After you fill in some, all or none of its blanks, a query EDITING~will be composed from your entries. The records which~satisfy the query will be displayed individually on the EDIT~screen. Each one may be edited and the edits saved using~F6, deleted using F4 or just viewed using F7. After the~last qualifying record has appeared, the blank QUERY screen~is projected again. You can repeat the find-edit cycle or~exit using F10.~~In any screen, tab moves the cursor to the next blank and F9 EDITING~moves it to the previous blank. The cursor keys function.~Overstrike editing is provided.~~ Press any key to continue.~U^wʎ>C)!<tʎڍC!<t~]U^^HHH^ H^ ++Ҏ&>NGG&It tÎ]U^^ 0! <|a>.\^OuDGW|:uV;t<\uF+΍>. >._^FO+>^w)!!>uʈ!A<> |6?G!>u >6?@ !!!&W &W&W&O!  ᣉ&t@> }>u@\> GGFV>)!ˆ^;!!!<;!-'=tC|Dt.9r(=t|;|ot9r 9r 9~@> |0~);u۴ !]>>&t& &ËRQR6޺<t;> t JuZYB"&DTDZYÁ>~ 9|t SPRúZ>uڃX[S9t>t [À>uÀ> |;8>6 u&EPSQRu%&ZY[Xx:\A:\UvLTDDD U]ыL ]ZXPRUP!<u2!<u&DD D ~=t &!X0![<uw۾,>xMVP!N!=t&=!rP=t &v[>!X^ X^<t&Iu6'>Wt676G~~X&]C<;t<t A<\u\Í>+\u \t.5G 6}ʎX[SP&O?!=tCB?!=t9 ;Dt/;tB>vB?!=t ;t Ej>&߃O &!!<uDG!<u:;Mt1;tG6vFִ!!<u ; t Í>&(Í6&<%Cu W<%Eu X}<&uwFAroHwjNFI< u^ZAt<< uFI1tN&ItxȺt&e$Ë^wtu t ]Uَ+ً6NItxȺte$ۋ^&&tu+ɎIt ]U^^ȋ^ +H^ H+Ҏ&>NOO&It tÎ E]U]^wR»+Ҏ&>N&It tËGIP+Z+ʰ &GGI˾MþMD t:w t*܀8wّ͵PW2̀ tc| tыˋ3wtHr#|+ t֊͊ߊ2wt#Gu?t ^?t Xp$4L\ts uu*4L\ts3 uv|Ntyً3uvdNJ݊Ί xtJqwrtst$߀ ǣ߿ƪyþ?YD tM t2쁀p̀ĀP"tX x utl DM2 tb t쀀*pĀP2ɭ̀FG"WWW ‹tY[_j63;s\ u;w;R3 tP t꡴ tZ]蕒sOsO+‹ɊD E 3ۋ  ʋU tU3D t tX PD t U t3ɋ tU tыD t t X P t&ʋ t&3ۋD tU tӋD tU t ʃU3E t&ڋD t&ڋD tU t ՋD&E t&ꠠ&ŗZ^ E4E]5πL|t tc tY:s*܀wGّ͵S| t3ۀrt<~) t֊ߊwt!uދ׋?t ?t psMuEw+׋s u vT tN uvEފ x t5qwrt st$ ǣƣyþ^x4 tM t݋=2쁀pȀĀPӓX x ut~ˀɀSS X؃tXþMD tC t2쀀*pĀPɀT$2΀]-2ɀπV ‹t[\+;s3sNsþ+ЋsKYBDSCRNCAS1COM1COM2LPT1LPT2LPT3s$2:668882:668999:66'9'9'9h::66(9,9,9 wt u.ؘ.t. &6VY2u^P&66QXPP&6V-2^t P&6uPP &66V2tR<uM^XPPPՉ&6PS?t-_߰ItOtRtAu [.XQS˳[Yˉ&6PVPV1u) ^XQRSڋw-[ZYCt K t wSW._[OOuûV6H u^V^V6H u^V6H u^V6H u^"V6H u^V0t^WSPWSPD. x2ؘ. tXP.X[_SV62 t \2w^[ðr x2PRW u]u<.tJu_ZXâ t߃rtа J JuRWV<:t ^_Z2_W+tIt9VRG=.u.8uJuG. y^^^_ZG.tZ^.}um ,@r<suÄ&tك3/ً>2|62\D.T/Licensed Material - Program Property of IBMUVW_^]ˉ 2 @0xôGPXPO(<r P<u V&n3Ҏڣ&&&& lnpr$& l npo r "EG OÁ}>˳. rS3ء;7OPur:t r[3؈ >Pu V/! !3ء lnpr$&&&&&PR3Ҏڎ 3ȢZXϰ 2 *BreakPR3Ҏڎ>Ct Cu B&BuZXϰ ZXVSQEtBBCAY[^VSQA>Au@6E;t,EO{Pa$a3ء "2@@XCY[^UWV3Ҏڎ> t> t^_]ǃ uK<uGG&TúSSP>QXÆʴQR QR |"ZYͱΊʰ>àQR#u &PtRr2ڣNZPP<t<s2 XPP QSPXX[V>t YXtRPSQRVWƿ&6|&6~&|X&~ư>Q ƿ&~&|_^ZY[X:s( C:thÊ :s h_^ZY[Xh>u>u UVW_^]t>tÃ>u=UVW_^] u ;rEr VP,; Xtt6V6^RSQPSXP<tK<tN<t< t< t< tW[:6w"r>dr dfXY[ZÚiw tʊ6ۚRZ RPRUVW_^]((t u t svpZXP< u|/u<t X -+%rˋ @t>Cu?3 & &"@@>Au Ca a[BBCAËE>@uu>Ct1Au$Q \(މEG ΉO?Y wF;7uwwOËw F;7uww GÉOO GÉ&6PSQR?'>(tO>PSQRQPkZY[XˠPd<ts<r@PSQRVWPSQRVW&6PSQRVWtF>Pt6 Cc urSQWVٴ ^_Y[C:rKh 8 sC:s83ۊ C()C$ €t̀ ط.. c uj~htÀt:t ŰF+) +SQw< u+ +Y[uÊ 000u P+X+R t$K s[PT,Z PSQRVW>Q u |_^ZY[Xó?u >up1>(t PSCߋwr[SQ%[*ˊ [X<:r0u< uQWV ´^_YPSQRVWbPSQRVWT&6PSQRVW' Ts& u;s-s(Pu ss(t t:6 u0,h u>PtKPt(u uȋ LM&PPQ:t~ģ&tR ujzh2Sˉ&6PQRVW uF t@8r:s5>ts)ʊ>QQYt2_^ZYXSP u2:t)&PPt(ut&PQX[&6Sr QR3ɋ* ZYH VW򥥇ڃ?t U_^[ˉ&6QRVWp%2S [_^ZYˋދ ts$QVWw;v;_^u;ieY˾˾˿˿ˉ6>)6>ˉ6>6>ˏ^&.V&&6UVWPQRS[ZYX_^]PSQRVWPSQRVW&6PSQRVWlbCC tVsQ>tsE tA:6w;C s1rs s RUVr uZ)h ujShâhXp O9QRS3Ɉ3Ҵ[ZYÀ>t QRS3ɊŇf2< tI<u2 t/:< u tu < r>t :&u &t&9!P2>tCX~66PDP t$3XPDPD tXPDP3ۀ|tK3ۀ|t K3ۀ>tK &&6^P&>t&XV6s؇QsYˇQcYˇQ>ttQ{YQ?Y>tkYu#u3ɉYˇeQPSW,v&++r$ 2O_[XVQNNY\uFF^W_W_É&6QRV3ˋڀt t%<t#6HV PXH^ZY ?r3W=;_ˀ?r!VWw_^#ˀ?r VWw &6RSڏZˉ&6RZˉ&6RSyntax erroRETURN without GOSUOut of DATIllegal function calOverfloOut of memor Subscript out of rang Division by zer Type mismatcOut of string spacString formula too compleNo RESUMRESUME without erroDevice TimeouDevice FaulOut of Pape2FIELD overflo3Internal erro4Bad file numbe5File not foun6Bad file mod7File already ope9Device I/O Erro:File already exist=Disk ful>Input past en?Bad record numbe@Bad file namCToo many fileDDevice UnavailablECommunication buffer overfloFDisk Write ProtecGDisk not ReadHDisk Media ErroUnprintable erro&"$.(X[& SP:-84o320(ˉCtK6SD3ۋӉ&6SR-Z[ urg u CKK$+؋+ڀK;$rAǓ&"> OOXY&QPO *G ǣ,30 lc)-.+3>H ^.V68X[SPX[SPt 2345679:=>?@CEFGHD&6 2345679:=>?@CEFGHD. 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OR B!<>H!>=N!R! X!F1=help h!F2=rmv help x!F3=prev cmd !F7=execute !F10=exit !SCRN:x!<=!$q!=z!<!>!%!#!^,!-Warning- Command truncated to window size."'"\!""-Error- Unbalanced quote string.iH"EXITP"DEFINEZ"OPENb"OUTPUTl"SHOWt"REMOVE~"DEKEYE"SELECT"KEY"DISPLAY "TOLERANCEU"PACK"-Error- Unrecognized command.".DEF" "Database U# opened. #F10 to quitr #DESCRIPTION OF NEW TABLE<#Name of table: N+P#Table name already in use. Press any key. .#File spec of file to hold #:&#Enter description of table (optional):"#Enter code for record terminator: #Record Terminator Choicesm $0 Nothingr $1 Carriage return 6$2 Carriage return-line feednV$0d\$1mb$2h$Tv$F$F10 to stop defining fieldsn$DESCRIPTION OF FIELD$Name of field: F!$Enter first letter of data type: $Data Type Choicesr %Text Number Filler"%f(%t.%n/4%N :%How wide in characters is field ^%? t%Index field (Y/N)?%y%Y&%Enter description of field (optional):%SCRN: %Output redirected to f%.%DESCRIBE%FIELDS&FIELDS &DESCRIBE$&No tables defined for this database.M>& TABLE NAME FILE RECORDS FIELDS EOR MODIFIED"& TABLE NAME DESCRIPTION&SCRN:B& & &SCRN:B!& FIELD NAME DESCRIPTIONN#& FIELD NAME TYPE KEY FROM TO &'SCRN:E0'TABLE <'SCRN: F'SCRN: P'SCRN: Z' table(s) removed.p'INTOAx'-Error- First display field missing or not qualified field name.R'WHEREr'SORTED'* 'ALL 'ALLF *(-Warning- More than 12 fields referenced.<(-Error- Empty source table \(-Warning- Output truncated.|(SCRN:i(.DAT (SORT15.DAT (SORT15.DAT( ( records mapped to r(REM (SCRN:r(SCRN:r#(-Error- Where but no where clause.r)SORTED))-Error- Uneven where clause quote count../H)-Error- More than 10 where clause comparisons.l|)~)**)-Error- Improper NOT use in where clause.$)-Error- Unable to identify element ()-Error- Contains operates only on text !*-Error- Comparison of constants n+<*-Error- String length exceeds field width ol*-Error- Data type mismatch !*-Error- Closing quote not found e*-*+*E*e*A!*-Error- Sort but no sort clause.e*BY&+-Error- Incorrect sort clause syntax...+-Error- Table referenced only in sort clause `+-Error- More than 5 sort keys.i/+-Error- Sorting not permitted on filler field l(+-Error- More than 12 fields referenced.+a+D+df%+-Error- Unrecognized sort qualifier e( ,-Error- Output record too wide to sort.$L,-Error- Unable to identify element t,-Error- Unable to find file lL}6A_p c(kn,.IDXL(k,-Error- Empty index for i -SORT15.DAT -SORT05.DATD8-SCRN:5 B-SORT?5.DAT P-SORT15.DAT ^-SORT05.DAT!l--Error- Cannot key filler field.n--Error- Table empty.i7--Error- Unable to key field wider than 141 characters.iPC@d.x[_ (kn@F.-Error- Missing qualifier.df.QUERYrp.INPUTrz.EDIT .-Error- Unrecognized qualifier .-Error- Missing table name..-Error- More than 60 fields.e. F1=Help.F9=Bkwd =Fwd /N0000000000 &/000,/-Error- Unable to fit record onto display form.`/F4=DelRec F6=Chgt/ EDITl~/F7=Nexte/F10=Quit/WHEREu /-Error- Missing index on a key./-Error- Index on empty table./-Error- No display field. 0INPUTr0F7=Save "0F10=Quit.0QUERYu80F7=QueryD0F10=QuitP0> 10X0NMBR`0 AND uj0SELECT t v0.* WHERE N0SELECT E0.ALL0-Error- Empty source table 0SORT15.DAT 0SORT15.DAT0NO (MORE) RECORDS QUALIFYl0Press any key to continue 1REQD 1 *1 41SORT15.DATB1-Error- More than 100 words..d1-Error- Incorrect syntax.1-Error- No open database.!1-Error- Unrecognized table name o!1-Error- Unrecognized field name o-1-Error- No tables defined for this database.r'2-Error- More than 2 tables referenced.a0J2-Error- Unbalanced parentheses in where clause.'~2-Error- Incorrect where clause syntax.e(2-Error- Incorrect qualified field name.$2-Error- Second item must be number.2SCHEMA3 &>[ع+#33ь+ȁv3p)z z z { x*.*d ]xEco#Ƥ~@zZrN vH Tʚ;  !!!"""####$$$%%%&&&&'''((())))***+++,,,,---...////0001112222333444555566677788PPP^_B";5J }#~t'Xv%F*Ӯw-;uD1mA4-q7|tP;d<>b}JlA]E62w8HMľfK:|O\ 5$4RKB.aUPo ̼ Y$ /\[_6A_p caw+fCzՔVijl7mGG'peXQsOnwףp= #zL} Hz@PC$t >(kn@C:h* 51_c.1@v:k ^# bx-Àz&XƐn2xʴW ?h)͡SЅ@aQYԦo% 'N x9? 6!OgI#E@|o|p+L67EV߄vl: {Η@H½p PvP?<&Ok8и'ƫ7Cưe\{2~]30b/5`=! C)/{QFZ$+vﶓ+髤8UqfclN@< 'PKPEb" have been replaced by ">=". DISPLAY UTILITY The display ... where command was improperly parsed under some circumstances producing a spurious error message. This problem has been fixed. The default qualifier on the display command was \query. In the current version, it is \edit in conformity with the User's Guide. EDITING OF FLOATING POINT ENTRIES User entered numbers and numbers read from data files are converted to binary in a consistent manner. In version 1.0, inconsistent conversion algorithms occasionally caused equal floating points numbers to be converted into unequal binary numbers resulting in failure of the = where clause operator. SCREEN ATTRIBUTES ON EXIT Version 1.1 sets screen attributes to white characters on black background upon exiting. Version 1.0 left screen attributes as they were in the command window. SCREEN HANDLING The output window, the message and column heading stripes are now output by writing directly to display memory enhancing performance. CORRECTIONS IN VERSION 1.2 SELECT AND DISPLAY UTILITY The select and display ... where commands occasionally failed to retrieve qualifying records when doing a keyed look up on = and <> operators. Problem fixed. DISPLAY UTILITY The display utility sometimes improperly handled index updates when a record was deleted or modified. Problem fixed. Also, when an index was used to retrieve a record which was then deleted, the first record in the file might be overwritten. Problem fixed. SELECT COMMAND The select ... sorted by ... into ... command produced an unusable target table. Problem fixed. USER SUPPORTED SOFTWARE To register or to order materials, enter your name and address on the form below and indicate the quantities desired of the various items in the quantity column. Pay by check or complete the credit card form. ORDER/PAYMENT FORM Name _____________________________ Phone ____________ Company _____________________________ Address _____________________________ _____________________________ City _________________ State ________ Zip _________ Description Qty Price Extension ----------- --- ----- --------- registration $35.00 User's Guide 10.00 PC-DBMS disk 10.00 Guide & disk 18.00 --------- Sub-total Tax @ 4% (Va. residents only) --------- Amount due Kware Please make check payable P.O. Box 16206 to Kware or complete Arlington, Va. 22215 credit card form below. Visa __ or Mastercard __ card # ___________________ exp mo/yr ______/______ signature ____________________ INVOICE Vendor: Kware, Inc. Federal EIN: 54-1304150 P. O. Box 16206 Arlington, Va. 22215 Date: / / Description Qty Price Extension ----------- --- ----- --------- PC-DBMS, $35.00 reg & support User's Guide 10.00 PC-DBMS disk 10.00 User's Guide 18.00 & disk --------- Sub-total Tax @ 4% (Va. residents only) --------- Amount due You may retain this invoice.