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K}_yL} @@pLph  0,# @@@@$8!&?M}@0 B" x  {>D@pL}0 N} @O}P}/1OHHy; Թ)й/й5Ȅhh@F JNةMQ}$  Iʆ#eTLLLb5 \"/LNةMn------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The following article/documentation is copyrS}ighted material taken from ANALOG Computing and may not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of ANALOG T}Computing. You are, however, free to distribute any programs associated with this text through Club libraries and individuaU}lly run BBSs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TechPop An Action! programV} to give your computer rhythm. by Wes Philp Now, with a little help from your computer, you can play all those peW}rcussion sounds you've been hearing on the radio. TechPop plays the rhythm patterns and sounds you program into it -- and pX}lays them crisply and precisely. The patterns TechPop plays are termed "presets," and are stored in a file. Up to ten pY}resets may be loaded at once. These are selected from the keyboard during play, using keys 0-9. Each preset is a list of insZ}tructions describing the pattern to TechPop. This instruction list references the sounds to be played, called "timbres," an[}d contains wait instructions that properly space the sounds in time. Timbres, like presets, are stored in a file of up \}to 255 definitions. Only timbres referenced by presets will be played. Timbres include: bass, snare and tom drums, cymbals,]} the cowbell, claps and other sounds -- limited only by the imagination. Using TechPop. Use the Action! editor t^}o enter and save the files TECHPOP (Listing 1) and TIMBRES (Listing 2), then validate your work with D:CHECK in Action! (iss_}ue 44). The program contains many comments. Whether or not you type them in is your choice. You may enter as many of the pr`}esets as you wish (Listing 3). The first three are marching band rhythms; the remainder are an assortment of techno-pop pata}terns. The order of presets in the file determines their assignments to keys. Save them in PRESETS. Run the program frob}m the Action! monitor (R"D:TECH-POP"). The TIMBRES and PRESETS files will be compiled into the program. When TechPop begins,c} select a preset by pressing a number key; don't press RETURN. Change the tempo with + or -. The pattern repeats automaticad}lly until another is selected, or until the program is stopped with the BREAK key. When a new pattern is selected, the curre}ent pattern will play through, before the change occurs. To get the full impact, use the monitor port to connect your cof}mputer to a stereo; the 3-inch monitor speaker is a small hole for these sounds. Customizing presets. The examplg}e presets will get you started, but the fun of TechPop lies in customizing. 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"#$%&' ()*+,-./0123!}456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKL!MNOPQRSTBUDEFGHIVW6XYBUZ[\G]^VW_`ab  !} !"#$%&'()*+,-./01234567,89:;<=>?@ABCDEFGH!}IJKLMNLOPQ RS!TUVWX Y NFZ[\]Q^_`aK7bcZd*edfghijklmnop'(qr !}8sHbHtuvwxyz{|}GIJ !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHI!}JKLMNOPQRSTDUVWXYZ[\]@^_`abAcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|!}   !"#$#%&'()*+,- ./012 !}3456$789:+,;<=>? #$#%&'@AB34CDEFGH ./0IJKLMNOPQRSTU$VWXI78!}YZ[\]^_`abcde #$fghij8k&'@lmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~  !"#$%&'()*+!},-./01 23456789:;$%&<=)*>?@ABC5+,-.D$%&<<=96:;?9@!ppD@BA?PPPPP@TTTXXB\```\DdddhhFlllllHppp"}ttJx|x||LNHH˱΍ ԍ Ȅ Щ hh@ة˅Mi<̥ͅe@HhHh"}8Π΍*I i  iL_# \!/L/1DH "}Π΍*I i  iL_# \!/L/1DH   number of quanta. A metronome rate is supplied for each preset; it is the number of quanta per second. For example, to pla}y at a tempo of 120 quarter notes per minute, where the smallest division needed is the sixteenth note, the rate per second  }is given by: 120 quarters/minute x 4 sixteenths/quarter/60=8. Sounds are specified by timbre number. A preset can use a!}ny number of timbres, but only two can play simultaneously. Therefore, waits follow every one- or two-timbre number. T"}he preset format consists of commands, as in Table 1, each followed by a parameter. Commands are separated from each other -#}- and from parameters -- by a space. Table 1. +---------------------------------------------+ | $} COMMAND PARAMETER | | ------- --------- | | M Metronome Rate,%} in quanta/second | | T Timbre Timbre number | | W Wait Wait time, in quanta | | E&}ND End of preset None | +---------------------------------------------+ As an example, set up a s'}nare (timbre 1) playing quarters with a bass (timbre 0), doubling every fourth note. Use the quanta and rate discussed above(}. The preset looks like this: M 8 T 0 T 1 W 4 T 1 W 4 T 1 W 4 T 1 W 4 END Up to ten presets may be defined. The)} first will be played with the 0 key, etc. Customizing timbres. Each timbre defines two Atari voices, which expl*}ains why only two timbres can sound simultaneously. Up to 255 presets may be defined. The first will play when a preset ref+}erences T 0, and so on. The format of each (of two) sound definitions in a timbre is as follows: +---------------------,}---------------------------------+ | Distortion 4-bit distortion for AUDC | | Frequency AUDF value -} | | Array length Number of shape array values (0-128) | | Shape array Tone envelope .} | +------------------------------------------------------+ To silence a voice, use 0 as the array l/}ength, or use quiet, a predefined string of three 0s. If both voices are silenced, the timbre will make no sound. When0} the timbre is played, TechPop initiates the sound by setting AUDF as specified. It steps through the shape array, picking u1}p successive values 240 times per second. AUDC is set as the current value from the array ORed with the specified distortio2}n (shifted left 4 bits). This timbre scheme allows all sorts of sounds. If the distortion is an even number, the shape 3}array provides an envelope controlling the attack and decay. If the distortion is odd, the array values specify actual speak4}er vibration in Atari volume-only mode. This mode is used to good effect for the bass drum. This scheme allows TechPop 5}to play an accompaniment of notes, as well as percussive effects. Every pitch requires its own timbre with distortion 10, th6}e AUDF for the note, and a shape array as desired. Remember, there are two voices per timbre, so the second can add color, 7}for example, by playing the octave. As you see, TechPop presets and timbres let you program your Atari as a music machi8}ne, to play the sounds you want to hear. Start with the presets provided, then erase them and have it your way. Autho9}r's Biography: With a Ph.D. in physics, Wes Philp is a Senior Associate Principle Engineer with Harris Corporation in M:}elbourne, Florida. 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