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"#   "#$$$$$$lzmnnnnmzrmlwlwpr~tqtr|prvvl~lvnrrrr||rtxtv|vzrrrrrttvltttrrxltrrrr||rtxtv|vzrrrrrttvltttnnnnrt|rrrrr|||x{xrr|rrrrrtttrtnnnrnrxrtzznnpg~nnyltrrrrllrrrynnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnxnnfn]fnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnlnnn. VpI.. CALAMUS1TXT i CALAMUS2TXT t CALAMUS3TXT Kt JOf all the ST programs we've had requests for info about, CALAMUS must head the list. This really is the 'ROLLS ROYCE' of Desktop Publishers - so it's with great pleasure that SEWER SOFTWARE proudly presents - ************* C A L A M U S ************* Part 1: Typed by MEZZO (with further sections to follow shortly) Calamus Docs: installation and introduction INTRODUCTION Until now, to produce professional looking documents, proposals, manuals, catalogues etc. ranging from one to hundreds of pages, required assistance of outside specialists. This cost time, money and a great deal of co-ordination. Now there is a way to change all that. Calamus will turn your computer into a powerful layout design tool for editing and formatting both text and graphics, so that you can produce top quality publications without leaving your desk. This manual will enable you to learn and use the many powerful functions of Calamus in your work. We have given top priority to making Calamus as friendly as possible. Calamus stands out from all other DTP programs on the market. Not only does it provide more functions, but it is based on some totally new concepts. This manual will take you through the basic concept and use of the program in detail, preparing you to take over controls of the many-faceted instrument that is Calamus. This manual contains three main sections. Part one contains a tutorial to really get you started. Part two is an introduction to Calamus. Where part three is the main reference manual. INSTALLING CALAMUS Before you start using Calamus for the first time, you should make working copies of your original disks. The recommended configuration for a Calamus installation while working on large documents and using the Atari Laser Printer, is an Atari ST computer with four megabytes of RAM and a hard disk or a double sided disk drive. You can, in fact, use Calamus on a 1040ST (or a one megabyte 520ST) but you will be limited by the amount of fonts that you will be able to use at any given time and by the number of pages you can have in memory. However, you will be able to prepare multi-page document on a one megabyte ST without difficulty. Since the program is much larger than the capacity of a single sided disk, a single sided drive can be used only as a supplement to a double sided drive. RUNNING CALAMUS WITH FLOPPY DISK DRIVES To start up Calamus you will need a Calamus system disk with the following files: CALAMUS.PRG, the folders SYS and PRINTER. The PRINTER folder contains the Calamus printer drivers. On your own working disk you will need only the drivers for your own printers. The SYS folder contains necessary system files without which Calamus will not run. You can manage without the hyphenation dictionary (CALAMUS.CWB) but all the other files must be present, for when the program starts up, all the necessary files must be read in. If the loading process is interrupted with an error message,Calamus has not been able to find all the necessary files: CALAMUS.ALT, CALAMUS.CEF, CALAMUS.CSL, CALAMUS.CWB, CALAMUS.HLP, CALAMUS.RSC. If all of these files are present, the error must have originated in the setup file CALAMUS.SET indicating that the path for it may be incorrectly set. Since it is an ASCII file, you can easily load it into any text editor and check it. After the program starts, the system disk will not be needed unless you want to load another printer driver. You can, therefore, take it out of the drive and put in a data disk. While you are working with Calamus you can exchange disks quite freely, but if the program cannot find the appropriate fonts when loading documents you will have problems. There are two very simple solutions to this. If you work with two disk drives, you should keep a disk called FONTS.CAL in one of the drives. If you only have one drive, you should copy a folder with all the required fonts onto every data disk that holds your documents. Calamus makes it easy for you to specify separate pathnames for each kind of file that you need i.e; text, graphics, layouts, pages, documents, etc. and to record these pathnames in the file CALAMUS.SET. This is especially useful for hard disk systems. RUNNING CALAMUS WITH A HARD DISK DRIVE To install Calamus on your hard disk, you should start by creating a folder called Calamus on any partition. Copy the files CALAMUS.PRG and CALAMUS.SET, and the folders SYS and PRINTER into this folder. The PRINTER folder need only hold the printer drivers that you actually need. You should create a further folder, FONTS.CAL to hold the fonts or it can be in a different subdirectory. You can now start Calamus, for all further installation is best carried out from within the program. To make Calamus functional, click CREATE NEW DOCUMENT in the FILE pulldown menu. If you see an error message, because Calamus cannot find the fonts, do not worry. If you next click on the SET SYSTEM PATHS in the EXTRAS pull-down menu, you can specify the path for all Calamus files in any way you please, and using the Calamus File Selector Box you can create new folders, etc. Among the MISCELLANEOUS SETTINGS found in the same pull-down menu, you can make further system specifications - select your printer and its standard parameters from the PRINT DOCUMENT menu option in the FILE menu, select a default font, and set the parameters for your printer. If, finally you click the option SAVE SETUP in the EXTRAS menu, all these setting will be saved in the file CALAMUS.SET and every time you start the program from this point onwards, the setting will be automatically installed. THE CALAMUS.SET FILE The CALAMUS.SET file contains the directory paths for almost all file requirements and are easily accessed and saved through the SET SYSTEM PATHS menu option in the EXTRAS pull-down menu. The printer installation routines on loading corresponds to the settings in the top field of the PRINT DOCUMENT/PRINTER SETTINGS dialogue box. Only the raster designation is taken from the lower field. Standard settings for the printer driver and font loaded on CREATE NEW DOCUMENT as well as the default instructions for the MISCELLANEOUS SETTINGS dialogue box, scanner installation,standard setting for the text editor, window size, position and control display can all be chosen quite easily through the system paths as it is an ASCII file. CALAMUS MEMORY REQUIREMENTS As already mentioned above,we recommend that you use Calamus with a minimum of one megabyte of RAM. This will be enough for the creation of quite extensive documents. Under certain circumstances, however, even this respectable amount of memory will not be enough. This is especially so when you use printers that require a full page to be built up in memory before printing begins, as is the case with the Atari SLM804 laser printer. Since this device requires approximately one megabyte to be devoted to page buildup, at least a Mega 2 or Mega 4 is recommended with this particular printer. There is a printer driver now available that will allow you to output a page that you have created in Calamus on your 1040ST directly to an Atari SLM804 laser printer, from your 1040ST. The same is true of the numerous combined scanner/thermoprinters which can be driven by Calamus. They are capable of being used for output with a computer having only two megabytes of RAM, since they only require half a megabyte for page buildup, but if they are to be used as scanners too you really need more memory. Scanned graphics (depending on their size) also require lots of memory. But if you use a matrix printer or a laser printer that has its own full-page graphics memory, you will be able to work quite comfortably with a one megabyte ST. Nevertheless, for professional use, we recommend a computer with four megabytes of RAM, since the operating speed of Calamus also depends on memory capacity. To appreciate this point, you should bear in mind that Calamus creates a dedicated font in memory for every font you specify, in every required point size and screen display size, and where needed for printer resolution too.Each of these fonts is held in intermediate memory as long as there is enough room for them. When the computer memory fills up these fonts have to be deleted from RAM and, when required, recreated. Since generating these fonts involves lengthy calculations, even the fast 68000 processor takes a little time over it. Consequently, if memory is so restricted that fonts are constantly having to be recreated and deleted, the operating speed of Calamus will be significantly reduced. IMPORTANT NOTE: Due to the complexity of Calamus, as well as the demands on memory, it is not possible to have DESKTOP ACCESSORIES installed while running Calamus. IF YOU HAVE DESKTOP ACCESSORIES INSTALLED WHILE OPERATING THIS PROGRAM, SYSTEM ERRORS ARE QUITE LIKELY. IMPORTANT NOTES ON USING THE ATARI SLM804 LASER PRINTER: The laser printer has some special features that you should note when using Calamus.As soon as it is attached to your system, the power unit must be turned on, otherwise the Atari ST will not work properly. This somewhat inelegant requirement means that the printer spends unnecessary hours under power. You would disconnect it if you did not need it every so often! Because of a system peculiarity, the Calamus printer driver for the SLM804 cannot be loaded until the printer is connected and under power. Since some program functions are affected by the printer resolution,you would always have to have the printer running when working with Calamus. But, fortunately, there is another option. If you do not load any printer driver, Calamus will set up for a standard printer resolution of 300 dpi. This means that you can work on layouts with Calamus as though the SLM804 were connected. THE CALAMUS USER INTERFACE To obtain the best results from a program like Calamus, a thorough understanding of the way it is controlled is required. This section explains how the mouse and keyboard select and input instructions and information. Look at the screen as it appears when Calamus has been loaded and before a new document is opened. With this in mind we will describe the graphic components that constitute the screen display. At the top is the Menu Bar with the names of the pull- down menus. We will assume that you know how to use a pull-down menu, since it is one of the basic blocks of the Atari ST graphics operating system. The empty right area of the Menu Bar has a special function in Calamus it displays short Help Texts that give brief details of each Calamus function (see below). Below the Menu Bar is a set of icons grouped by a rectangle running across the full width of the screen.This is called the TOP LINE. Under the Top Line and to the left of the screen is another area containing graphic symbols, called the MENU PAGE. It is divided into two parts, the upper narrow part called the Submenu Bar, and the remainder of the area, the Menu Page proper. The reason for this division will become clear to you when we describe the hierarchic command structure used in Calamus. Both the Top Line and the Menu Box are composed of two basic components, icons and alphanumeric fields, or DISPLAYS. The coordinate display to the right of the Top Line is a good example. These components have two essential purposes. They tell you the current status of the program, and also accept your input commands or further specifications. You can select an icon by moving a mouse cursor over it and pressing the left button. The selection is indicated in various ways. Most often, the icon becomes HIGHLIGHTED (black and white pixels are reversed). At other times, the selection is shown by a black border surrounding the icon, or by a small cross. Sometimes instead of SELECT we will use the common term CLICK, as both have the same meaning. The second basic component is the display,which will both give you information and accept your input data. To input text into a display line, first click the line with the mouse. A cursor will then appear, indicating the current text entry position. You can now input data from the keyboard, and while doing so, use a number of facilities at your disposal. With the left and right cursor keys you can move about within the text area.You can use the DELETE key at the present text position or the BACKSPACE key to delete the preceding character. With the INSERT key you can make room for additions at the present cursor position. Some input have to be ended with a RETURN. More information on these topics is found in the reference section for the individual functions. Looking more closely at the five icons in the left hand area of the TOP LINE .. Each of these icons stands for a specific part of Calamus. Let us call them TOOLBOXES, and talk about TOOLBOX ICONS. Go ahead and click on them, one after the other.You will notice that each time you do this another menu page appears below, and the Submenu Bar also changes. Toolboxes may not have just one menu page but a whole series of them. You can select these in the Submenu Bar. Now you can set forth on a voyage of discovery throughout Calamus. Select the various toolboxes one by one and then, in the Submenu Bar, select the menu pages one after the other. With the aid of the help messages in the menu bar, you will get a flavour of the many Calamus functions. In the chapters that follow, the functions of each module with be described in detail. Up to now we have been discussing the operation of the program functions represented on part of the screen. the major part of the display is your work area, called the DOCUMENT WINDOW. Control over the window generally follows the conventions of your GEM operating system. You can move, enlarge or reduce it, and alter your viewpoint with the horizontal and vertical scroll bars. In one respect Calamus departs from the GEM conventions. the Size field (top right) has four functions. You can change the window size in four stages. If you simply click once, the window takes up the free area under the Top Line and to the right of the Menu Box (the standard setting). A second click makes the window expand over the full width of the screen, covering the Menu Box. At this setting you cannot use the Menu Box but you do have the full width of a letter size page to actual size on view. A third click lifts the top edge of the window to the top of the screen, covering the Top Line while a fourth click returns you to the original size, as defined by you, the user. Now let us examine the DOCUMENT WINDOW, your workspace. depending on the page view size you have specified (see below), either the page or a part of it is shown on the screen. You can choose a double-page display, but you can only work on one page, whose number is displayed in the Top Line. The size of the extract that you can see or work on can be defined to suit. You can choose between three picture sizes; FULL PAGE VIEW, which allows you to view the entire page, greatly reduced, within the window; NORMAL SIZE,where part of the page is displayed at close to actual size; and SELECTABLE SIZE, which can be defined by the user. You will find these options in the VIEW pull-down menu. You can switch between the three display sizes in three different ways. Firstly, you can choose from the sizes offered in the VIEW pull-down menu. Secondly, you can use the three page size icons in the centre of the TOP LINE, which from left to right represent the full page, normal size and user-defined size icons. The third selection method used to select the display size will be described in the section detailing mouse operations, since it utilizes the point and click technique. USING THE MOUSE IN CALAMUS So far, we have referred to the mouse only in respect of inputting commands. However, it is also a deft tool when put to other uses. There are many possibilities, some of which are specially related to a given toolbox. Here are a few tips. Basically, there are two ways to utilize the mouse. Each action that creates a new element (a window, or a vector graphics object), or that alters the size of such an object, is initiated by a click of the mouse's left button (press once and release). Then, by moving the mouse, you can set the element to the required size. Unique to Calamus, is that you can at the same time activate the window scroll bars in order to reach a different point on the page. A second click on the left button ends the action, whereas a click with the right button cancels it (the action is not completed, and the element is not created or altered). A second way of using the mouse is available when you move objects or mark out text areas. here too, you begin by pressing the left button, but you hold it down until the action is complete. In this case, releasing the button ends the action. The right mouse button, as a rule, cancels the function, but in some cases you can use it to toggle between two basic functions. In combination with the CONTROL, SHIFT and ALTERNATE keys, the mouse has some additional functions. Depressing the Control key and then (at the same time) the left button, switches the display size to NORMAL VIEW i.e. 1:1 size. A special point here is that the visible part of the page depends on the previous position of your mouse. So, if you are initially in the full-page display and you place the mouse near the centre of the page, press the Control key and the left button at the same time, the central section of the page will be displayed in the window. Similarly, the combination, ALT/LEFT button, will select the user definable size display. In each case, repeating the key combination will take you back to the display size at which you started. USING THE KEYBOARD IN CALAMUS You can enter text eiter into the text editor or straight into the layout from the computer keyboard. In Calamus, however, the keyboard has many additional functions. With it you enter commands and macros, some of which have their own dedicated keys or key combinations. You can create your own commands using the function keys, shifted and unshifted, and the Alternate key combined with the letter keys, the numbers in the top row, and all the keypad keys. The keyboard is freely programmable. In principle, you can put any command from the pull-down menus, from the Top Line or from any Menu Box on to a key combination. Pressing that key combination then has the same effect as clicking that icon or menu field. This gives every user the power to call to his or her most important and most often used commands from the keyboard. If you should forget which key holds which command, Calamus will remind you. Just put the cursor over the icon concerned and you will not only see the Help Text in the Menu Bar, but in the free space in the Top Line a little key sign will appear, accompanied by the appropriate letters or function keys. The Help display must be activated for you to see this. Text macros are a powerful aid when inputting and laying out text. They let you insert text in any quantity, or style and format instructions, into the existing text or layout with one keystroke. Control key combinations are reserved for this purpose. In addition, you can select macros with the mouse. USING FRAMES Calamus is a universal layout program whatever you application, from advertisements and handbills, through pamphlets, right up to entire newspapers and books. You can use it to prepare all your printed presentations. A Calamus document can have almost any number of pages (the practical limit is the size of your computer's RAM) and you can leaf back and forth between pages as you wish. The working area is always one page at a time. How do you start working on this page? If you already have experience in traditional design you will know that first a sketch (the 'rough') is drawn by hand. Blocks or columns of text, headers, footers, illustrations and so on, are shown in outline and perhaps labelled as text or graphics areas. However, you can now build up your rough on computer, using the versatile FRAMES provided by Calamus. Frames are rectangles of definable size which you create with the mouse. You can move them around, change their size or delete them. But a Calamus frame is more. It is the shape enclosing a defined content and, at the same time, the means by which you can manipulate that content. Manipulating a frame influences not only its shape and position but also its content, and the effect varies with that content. Calamus provides different kinds of frames for different kinds of contents: frames for text, lines, filled areas, pictures and vector graphics. There are other functions with which you can create new types of frames; grouped frames or text frames that can be further subdivided, e.g. for footnotes or indices. You will normally create frames in the Frame Toolbox, although in some special cases it is also possible to do so from within other modules. But you should be able to distinguish between two modes of work, frame creation and frame management. You can switch between these modes in two ways by either clicking the two icons on the GENERAL FRAME FUNCTIONS menu page, or by pressing the right mouse button when the mouse is within the window. In DRAW FRAME mode, the mouse cursor is arrow shaped, while in CHANGE FRAME mode it is a hand with a pointing finger. To create a frame, move the cursor to the position at which you want one corner of the frame to appear in the window, and press the left button once. The mouse cursor becomes a small cross and, as you move the mouse, a rect- angular frame appears in which the mouse cursor is diagonally opposite the origin. The shape is flexible and follows the mouse's movements. When the frame is the size that you want, press the left button again. This ends frame creation and the frame now appears SELECTED, with a heavy border and eight HANDLES around the perimeter, (three on top, two in the middle and three at the base). Additionally, empty frames are identified by frame type in the top left corner, where their relevant graphic icon will appear. The frame symbol is the same type that you selected before creating the frame. If you select a text frame for example, the symbol in the top left corner is the same as the icon on the General Frame Functions menu page. If you later wish to change the size, shape or placing of a frame, you first select the frame concerned. You do this by clicking within the frame (note that a newly created frame is automatically selected). If you then want to move the frame around, click the HAND CURSOR within the frame and hold the button down. You can then keep moving the frame as long as you hold the button down. If you want to change the frame size, click one of the frame's markers (the small black blocks). If you pick one of the four corner markers, the mouse cursor becomes a cross and you can redefine the frame size, finishing off by clicking a second time. If you pick a marker that is in the middle of a side, you can alter the size of that frame in that direction only (to the right for the right marker, to the left for the left marker, and so on). You can execute functions from the Menu Pages to copy frames, delete them, protect them from alteration or change or arrange them in different planes.You can gather frames into groups or cancel grouping. You can make special header and footer frames that become standard components. This means their contents will appear on all succeeding pages (left or right) until on some later page a new header and footer frame is defined.Depending on how you want then the standard components will appear either on all pages, or only on the left, or only on the right. Calamus provides you with a number of aids for drafting your layout,especially in creating and placing frames. You can superimpose a ruler line and crosshairs, set horizontal and vertical guidelines and define multicolumn markers. Individual horizontal and vertical guidelines can be made to have a 'magnetic' effect on the frame, so that frames being created or changed will align automatically with the nearest guideline.In the same way, you can define a grid that serves a similar function. That's enough about construction for the moment. How can we now fill the frame with content? That will depend on which type of frame we have currently activated,so we will discuss the different types in order, beginning with text frames. You have two ways of filling a Calamus text frame. First, you can change over to the Calamus text editor, bring in text and then flow it into the frames. The second way is to import from disk file text that was created by word processing programs. The first thing you should do is select a frame to hold the text. If you the call the FILE pull-down menu and click on IMPORT, you will see the Calamus File Selector Box, from which you then select a text file. that text will be loaded and appear within the frame. It will fill the frame's borders exactly and, if there is more text than will fit, a cross will appear in the lower right corner of the frame. type sizes, typeface and formatting (flush left or right, justified, etc.) are governed by the settings in the TEXT TOOLBOX. If you change the frame size, the text readjusts itself to the new size. Now you know how to control the shape and format of the text, but what about the text that will not fit within the frame? this question takes us into a group of very important functions, called CHAINING FUNCTIONS. Using these, you can connect any number of text frames together so that the text that was read into or created within Calamus flows from frame to frame. Now, any change in frame size will affect the contents of the following frames, since the text will adjust itself to the altered dimensions. You can also insert frames into the chain or remove frames from it, breaking a chain into parts to prevent flowback, or steering the text flow from page to page. Additional functions support formatting the text around graphics or other pieces of text. A special Calamus capability is that of rotated text. With this function you can rotate the contents of a text frame by any whole number of degrees. The text frame itself is not rotated but stays in the same place, so the rotated text no longer coincides with the frame. Nevertheless the frame continues to govern the format of the rotated text. Rotated text can still form part of a textflow chain. Pictures and vector graphics cannot be created within Calamus itself. So, to fill graphics frames, you must use the IMPORT option in the FILE menu. The Calamus File Selector Box will appear, so that you can select graphics files (created by any of the popular graphics programs).The graphics image will then load from disk and appear within the frame, running up to the frame borders. This may severely distort the image, but you can recover its original proportions by calling the OPTIMIZE functions. You can, if you wish, distort the image deliberately. You can also crop any part of a picture from the original. The concluding pair of frame types to be discussed here concern graphics elements that are created within Calamus itself; LINES and FILLED AREAS. These frames are never empty, for on being created, or immediately afterwards, they fill up to match the settings chosen in the Line or Filled Area Toolbox.Let us start with lines. It may seem odd that lines too are defined in Calamus as frame contents, but Calamus provides straight, curved, and angled lines that need some kind of retaining border. Even with straight lines the frame is a great help in subsequent work. To help you when you draw straight lines (vertical, horizontal or sloping, according to you choice), the lines itself appears, not the frame, which will not be shown until the drawing is complete. The length and shape of the line can be freely changed later on. You set up the line attributes (shape, colour, raster, style, ends, etc.) within the Line Toolbox. Drawing Filled Areas is not complicated. they appear immediately with the shape and contents specified in the Filled Area Toolbox. Later, alterations can be made freely at any time. A frame is, in practise, the smallest layout unit within Calamus. The next largest unit is the page.You can skip back and forth between pages as often as you like, but if you wish to copy or move frames from one page to another you will need to use intermediate storage - the CLIPBOARDS. Calamus gives you five clipboards for frames. You can copy or move whole pages, save them to disk, load them or simply remove them from the layout.All of these operations affect the complete page, with all its frames and contents. You can, alternatively, copy, save or load only the structure of a page. This takes the name of 'layout' in a narrower sense, implying only the frames of a page and their positions but not their contents.In the case of text frames, the initial style and formatting settings are also included, so that when text is flowed into them it adopts those settings, typeface, point size, formatting, etc. The standard components (frames for headlines and footlines, including their contents) belong to the layout. Those structures correspond, in a way, to the 'style sheets' you may know from any other DTP programs. In practise, it is often very useful to be able to produce a new edition only from an old document, in order to produce a new edition in the same style. Besides extracting single pages or layout structures from previous documents, Calamus lets you link entire documents together. This is important, not only for joining up sections that were laid out separately, but you will also find it indispensable if, for example, you need to generate an index for a very large production job. Let us suppose that you have put together a sizeable book, and for reasons of space, broken it up into sections to do the layout. When you come to produce an index to the whole work, you simply MERGE the sections, in their order, with the index section, and so generate the index. This chapter has introduced you to the technique of frame-orientated layouts with Calamus. We have necessarily restricted ourselves to basic principles and the main functions. Detailed descriptions of all the functions involved are to be found in the reference section of the manual. WORKING WITH TEXT Anyone who has come to know the advantages of word processing on a computer will probably never go back to the typewriter, unless perhaps out of pure nostalgia.The simple power to make subsequent corrections, plus the automation of many otherwise boring tasks (formatting, control over pages and footnotes, keyword indexing, etc.) have made word processing perhaps the main application for millions of home and personal computers. Excellent word processor or other editor programs exist for almost every model of computer. If you already used such a program, you can use the files it generates within Calamus, as long as it can output in ASCII. This is the case with most programs. In the case of First Word +, Calamus will convert .DOC file format into ASCII so that you can carry on generating and filing texts in word processor mode. When you import such text into Calamus you can substitute different fonts for the 1st Word style attributes. You can take text from almost any word processing system and feed it into Calamus for further manipulation. This is what is meant by 'importing'. The imported text flows straight into a frame or into a series of linked frames. Calamus also offers a special feature in that the complete text has hyphenation points inserted while being read in. This does increase the read in time a little, but, in compensation, the formatting is improved and sped up, especially for a justified setting. You can switch this function off, or run a document through the hyphenation function later on. The syllable division used in Calamus, works algorithmically (by rule). You can also load an exceptions dictionary or construct one, thus minimising errors. You can keep on using your favourite word processor program alongside Calamus but you also have the option of creating your text directly within Calamus which includes a complete, integrated text editor. Besides the standard functions, the editor has some additional Calamus specific features. For example, you can move text from the layout (whether a frame or a textflow chain) into the editor, perhaps do some corrections there, and then flow it back into the layout. Formatting is preserved in the layout when text is taken over into the editor. You can also opt to have Calamus control codes (instructions for format, style, hyphenation, etc.) shown on screen and edit them freely. A number of special Calamus layout functions can also be used within the editor. For example, macros and the five text clipboards. TEXT FORMATTING When you flow text into a frame, whether it has been imported or created within the Calamus editor, it is immediately formatted i.e. it is fitted into the frame boundaries.With every change to the text frame's size,the formatting adapts itself immediately to the new dimensions. There are several ways to dictate the manner in which text is formatted: you can choose between flush left, flush right, centered and justified text; define line spacing and paragraph spacing, tabs and indents and left and right margins, independently of the frame size.You can also specify extra letter (positive or negative) and word spacing in particular sections of the text. All of these settings are gathered together as a format instructions and can be graphically displayed as a TEXT RULER and shown as control codes in the editor. Every change of format instructions requires the insertion of a new text ruler. The program does this automatically but you too can insert ruler lines, delete them, copy them, etc. You can select the Text Ruler for various operations by clicking on it with the mouse. The text toolbox within Calamus has two distinct working modes. The mode you are in is shown by the shape of the mouse cursor, a cross or a normal text cursor. You can toggle between the two modes by simply depressing the right mouse button. The text cursor is applicable when making insertions, block markings or altering the text style. The two modes do however, overlap in one very important respect. You can mark a block of text and by clicking the appropriate icon, change the justification of the marked area (full justification, centered etc.) The program then inserts two text rulers automatically, one before the marked block and one after it, to restore the previous format. You can add as many text rulers as you like to your layout. All format settings in a text ruler remain in force until the next one occurs. Every textflow chain begins with a new text ruler, which cannot be deleted. TEXT STYLES Besides formatting instructions, Calamus includes a large number of setting options that are collectively termed TEXT STYLE. Among them are the chosen typeface, point size, type colour and special attributes such as underlined, outlined, shadowed, superscript, and subscript. All of these setting are specified in much the same way. You can find the appropriate options in two menu pages of the Text Toolbox. You can stipulate the style attributes of any text area,from a single character to a complete textflow chain. First you mark the block concerned by selecting a frame and then you run the text cursor over the block within the frame, while keeping the left mouse button depressed. The marked block will appear highlighted. By means of a check function you can obtain a readout of all the style instructions that apply to the block and you can make any changes you wish. Your changes will not take effect away however, unlike format instructions. In order to execute these changes you must then click on the RESTYLE TEXT icon. The advantage of this is that you can make several changes simultaneously (type colour and typeface, for example). You can make changes inadvertently, however,since whenever the style is changed all the settings currently entered are activated. So, you should form the habit of using the GET STYLE option immediately after marking a block, so that you can go ahead and make the appropriate alterations and be sure that the other parameters remain unaltered. Style changes can also be made in the integrated text editor. Just switch on the control code display and double click the left mouse button against the desired control code display and double click the left mouse button against the desired control code[s] or [style]. A dialogue box is then opened up in which all the style attributes are shown and can be freely edited. There are some additional style options that are valid for one frame and are set using the STYLE MENU dialogue box. Amongst other things, they define the type of underlining or outline script, etc. TEXT MACROS Calamus offers you many functions to process text and design layouts. Since there are many features to choose from, we thought we would add a very useful tool. Calamus radically simplifies the task of inputting complex commands by providing you with MACROS which you can activate with a single keystroke or with one click of the mouse. Macros can hold any combination of text, style instructions and formatting commands. defining a macro is very simple. First, you mark a block of text containing the setting that the macro is to hold. Then you click the DEFINE MACRO icon. Now you can choose to define your macro as the marked text only, and/or the typestyle and/or the formatting (text ruler). Lastly, you can give the macro a name and assign it to a key. By pressing that assigned key in combination with the Control key, or by clicking the macro name in the Macro list, you can insert the macro at the cursor position. You can do this in the layout window or in the text editor. A macro can be used not only to insert data but also to substitute it. If you have already marked a block of text before calling a macro, the marked block will be replaced by the macro contents. Calamus lets you have 22 active macros at any one time. Once you have defined a macro you can save it on disk for later use. SPECIAL TEXT FUNCTIONS Calamus has many special functions for use in text processing and layout design. Here we will concentrate on just a few especially important and particularly convenient ones. You can get a complete survey in the reference section of this manual. Calamus provides five intermediate storage areas, called CLIPBOARDS, for blocks of text. You can cut marked blocks out of a layout or out of the text editor and/or copy them into a clipboard. You can then insert these text blocks elsewhere, as many times as you like. Just as with macros, you can choose between inserting and replacing, depending on whether you have positioned the text cursor or marked a block of text beforehand. Calamus provides automatic pagination and chapter numbering in five different numbering styles and using seven levels of numbering. Automatic index generation and footnote management are also at your command. Activating these functions are quite simple. You can designate marked blocks of text as index or footnote entries by clicking an icon. Immediately, the footnotes disappear from the main text, are replaced by footnote references and reformatted in footnote style inside special footnote frames. Entries for indexing can optionally be left in place within the text or deleted from it. They will also appear in special index frames. Most of these functions must be executed with the Recalculate option of the TEXT pull-down menu. CREATING GRAPHIC ELEMENTS Calamus makes a distinction between standard graphics components such as lines, borders and filled areas, and the actual illustrations. You can read illustrations in as vector or pixel graphics from external programs. But Calamus also offers you an abundance of tools for manipulating these components. LINES Lines play many roles in a layout. They can divide, join or emphasise other elements. Calamus gives you a dedicated frame type and a whole Toolbox to handle lines. You may find it awkward at first to regard lines as the contents of frames, but once you have become familiar with it you will realise how much easier it this makes alterations later on. By adhering strictly to the frame philosophy, Calamus speeds up the process of designing layouts. However, in order to simplify line handling, Calamus does provide a special touch when you are using horizontal, vertical or sloping lines. For these lines only, the frame will not appear until you have finished drawing the line. For other types of lines, curved or angled ones, the frame appears first and then the line appears as the frame contents. The various kinds of line are subdivided according to their direction, which is taken looking from the start of the line to the end. This gives four distinct directions for diagonal, curved and angled lines, whereas the frame i.e; left, middle, right or top, middle, bottom. You can redefine any line type, as any other, at a later time. Lines do not have to be black or white but can utilize any grey-scale or fill pattern. Calamus provides 36 predefined fill patterns and a grey scale graded from 0 to 100% Line thickness is freely definable in steps of 1/10 mm or 1/10 point. A range of ready- made line thicknesses can be selected directly with the mouse. Besides full lines you can draw dashed or dotted lines. Calamus provides eight different line types from which you may choose. You can define different line-end types for a line's start and end points. They can be squared, rounded or arrowed. You can add a shadow to a line, defining as you wish the shadow direction and distance from the line, the shadow colour and the fill pattern for the shadow. You have the same freedom here as when defining the fill patterns on their own. FILLED AREA FRAMES Filled areas are just as vital as lines to your layout. There is a dedicated Calamus frame type and toolbox for these frames and you can activate them using the FILLED AREA TOOLBOX icon in the TOP LINE. Their main applications are in framing images or text and placing fill planes. One simple and often desired style is white type on a black background. Using conventional techniques this type of activity takes a lot of work (by cross-copying), but with Calamus you can do it, and a lot more besides, with a few clicks of the mouse. Calamus facilities extend way beyond the simple applications. In addition to the usual rectangular planes, Calamus gives you 14 other shapes. Apart from various kinds of rectangle there are, for example, the rhombus, circle, ellipse, triangle, and star. For all of these shapes you can independently define the border, the inner zone and a plane shadow. The border can be black, white or transparent (not defined). Additionally you can define it to have any fill pattern.Besides its 36 fill patterns, Calamus offers a grey scale of 0 to 100%. The borderline thickness is freely adjustable in steps of 0.1 mm or 0.1 point. Further, there are eight predefined borderline thicknesses that can be selected with the mouse. Full lines and seven other line types, dashed,dotted, etc. are similarly available. If you decide to use the frame just as a border, you will have to make the innerzone transparent. Otherwise, you can have it black or white or fill it with any fill pattern. You can also add a shadow to the frame. The shadow's direction and distance are freely definable. The shadow colour can be black or white and the shadow can also be defined to have any fill pattern. The choice is the same as for planes and borderlines. All the attributes (plane shape, shadow, raster and borderline structure) can be redefined at any time. All you have to do is select the frame,using the mouse, and set the desired attribute. Whenever you invoke a Filled Area Frame, all of the current settings are used automatically. If, by using the mouse, you select a Filled Area Frame that has already been created,the current settings will be displayed in the appropriate menu boxes. This means the menu boxes double up as indicator displays and inputs for your settings. THE CALAMUS FILE SELECTOR BOX Since the FILE SELECTOR BOX is called from many parts of Calamus, we will describe it fully here. If you know a little about your computer's operating system, you should be familiar with the standard GEM file selector box. It allows you to select files when loading from and saving to disk. The Calamus File Selector Box has a similar function, but incorporates several other useful features. TITLE LINE When you activate the File Selector Box, a text line appears in this field to remind you of what operation you are currently performing. In other words, this line shows whether you are currently loading or saving a document,loading pictures, text, and so on. PATH This field contains an indication of the currently selected path. By path we mean the present hierarchy or folders (directories),but not disk drives names. If you are in the root directory of a disk, only a backslash(\) will appear here, or else the hierarchical folder structure will be shown, in which the nested folders are separated with a backslash. FILE TYPE SELECTION ICONS You can click on the appropriate icon in this panel as a simple means of discriminating between the predefined file types.A consequence of this is that only files with the selected filename extension will appear in the directory window. The desired filename extension itself appears in the top bar of the directory window. The possible settings are as follows: Calamus documents (.CDK) Calamus pages (.CSE) Calamus layouts (.CLT) Calamus text (.CTX) Calamus pictures (.CRG) Calamus vector graphics (.CVG) Calamus fonts (.CFN) Calamus dictionaries (.CWB) Calamus paintbrush (.CPI) (Calamus Paintbrush is part of a picture facility that will be available in a later version of Calamus). SELECT FILE TYPE With these displays, filename extensions can be preset by inputting their particular file designation directly from the keyboard.Depending on which file operation is selected from inside Calamus, some filename extensions will be suggested in this display. the first suggestion is always "*.*". If you select it, all the files on the current drive will be listed. Make your selection by clicking on the small box to the left of the extension name. The box will then be highlighted. The extension names themselves can be edited; click on a display and enter a filename extension of your choice.When you have selected a filename extension, it will appear in the top line of the DISPLAY WINDOW. DRIVE SPECIFICATION By selecting the appropriate letter icon, you can decide which drive directory is to be displayed. Drive letters from A to L are permitted. Drives that are not physically present are greyed and cannot be selected. FILENAME If you have selected a file in the DISPLAY WINDOW, its name will appear on this line. You can then alter it at will from the keyboard. If you want to save a file under a new name, enter the new filename here. If no cursor is visible, click on the text line with the mouse. This line is also used for the additional disk functions (see below). DISK FUNCTIONS These three icons represent useful functions for managing your floppies or hard disk drive. The first icon enables the creation of new folders. If you select it, the NEW FOLDER dialogue box will be displayed. If the filename textline contains a name, it will appear in this dialogue box, although you can alter it as you wish from the keyboard. To create a folder, click on OK. You can close the dialogue box without creating a folder by clicking on CANCEL. If you click on the centre icon, you can DELETE a selected file. An alert box will be displayed, asking you to confirm your intentions. Click on OK to delete the selected file or click on CANCEL to abandon the deletion. Finally, if you click on the righthand icon, you can rename a selected file. The RENAME FILE dialogue box will be displayed. This dialogue box displays the filename of the selected file. You can enter a new name for the file from the keyboard. Click on OK and the file will be renamed on the disk. If you decide against completing the operation, click on CANCEL. FILENAME WINDOW The directory of filenames held on the specified drive is displayed in this window, whose operation follows the GEM operating system convention. All folders and files with the selected filename extension are shown. (the selected filename extension is shown in the top bar of the window). If the extension name appears as two asterisks seperated by a period (*.*), all files on the current drive or in the current folder will be listed. You can use the scroll arrows to move through the list one line at a time, should the list extend over more than one page. Alternatively, you can scroll sideways by clicking on the grey area in the righthand scroll bar. You can select a file from the list by clicking on the name, as with the GEM file selector box. If you click on a folder, the folder will be opened,and its directory will be displayed. To close the folder again, click on the Close Box at upper left corner of the window. If you are in the root directory of a disk or a hard disk, clicking on the Close Box causes the directory to be reread. This is especially useful if you have swapped disks.By clicking once on a file name, the name is transferred to the file name display line. A double click on a filename causes this file to be loaded or saved immediately. Alternatively, after selecting a filename you can click on OK. If you decide not to proceed with the LOAD or SAVE, click on CANCEL. The dialogue box will then be closed, without any load or save operation being executed. ------------ LOOK FOR FURTHER PARTS OF THE CALAMUS DOCS ON FORTHCOMING SEWER DOC DISCS! A big SEWER thanks to MERLIN for typing the continuing CALAMUS saga ---------------------------- CHAPTER 2: THE FRAME TOOLBOX ---------------------------- This toolbox contains all the tools (represented by icons) that you will need to create a frame-based layout. Here we will discuss the way the frame tools function. The frames toolbox has seven menu pages, although only four icons appear in the SUBMENU bar. Clicking on the second icon (question mark) reveals a choice of four other menus, which will vary according to the type of frame you have selected. Four of the frame types (for TEXT, PICTURE, VECTOR GRAPHICS and ROTATED TEXT) have their own menu page containing functions related only to that type of frame. If you click on the question mark and pick one of these menu pages, the icon will change from a question mark to a symbol indicating the frame type. In the case of frames for lines and filled areas, which have no associated special frame functions, the question mark icon has an additional significance. If you select a frame of this type and click on the question mark, you immediately switch over to thew appropriate menu. In this event, clicking on the question mark has the same effect as clicking on the appropriate icon in the TOP LINE. BASIC FRAME FUNCTIONS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This menu page contains the icons that select the frame type before drawing, changing or deleting frames. There are two basic working modes, DRAW FRAME and CHANGE FRAME which includes move, enlarge, reduce, copy and so on. You can switch between these two modes in several ways. One method is to click on one of the two icons DRAW FRAME or CHANGE FRAME. Another method is to click on the right mouse button when the cursor lies within the window. If you want to select a new frame type, always the DRAW FRAME mode. If you want to work on a frame, or change it, it must first be selected. You can do this only in the CHANGE FRAME mode. The mode currently in use is indicated by the shape of the cursor. In the DRAW FRAME mode the cursor is the normal arrowhead, whereas in the CHANGE FRAME mode, it is a pointing finger. When you select a frame, its type is indicated by the highlighted icon in the menu page. Some frame types (those for TEXT, PICTURES AND VECTOR GRAPHICS) appear initially as an empty frame when you create them. They can be filled using the IMPORT function (under the FILE pull-down menu). When you are drawing LINE FRAMES or FILLED AREA FRAMES, a line or filled area will be drawn immediately, taking the values specified in the line or fill sections of the Calamus program. If you want to change any of these settings (shape, colour, fill etc.), simply select the required toolbox from the TOP LINE. Since each frame remains selected after being drawn, any changes can be made straight away. This means you do not have to switch over into the working mode first. TEXT FRAMES ~~~~~~~~~~~ Click on this icon to draw a TEXT FRAME. The icon will be highlighted to show it is selected. The DRAW FRAME mode is automatically enabled. If you select a text frame while in the CHANGE FRAME mode, the program will automatically highlight the text frame icon. A complete menu page is dedicated to text frames. It also has special frame functions that you can activate via the question mark in the SUBMENU bar when the text frame icon is highlighted. The TEXT FRAME is initially empty. You can fill it using the IMPORT function (under the FILE pull-down menu) or with text created in the TEXT EDITOR. LINE FRAMES ~~~~~~~~~~~ Select this icon to draw a LINE FRAME. The icon will be highlighted when active. The DRAW FRAME mode is automatically enabled. If an existing line frame is selected in the CHANGE FRAME mode, the program will automatically highlight the line frame icon. You can make selections regarding the type of line (density, shape, colour, pattern, etc.) in the LINE toolbox. You reach this via the line icon in the TOP LINE or, with a LINE FRAME selected, via the question mark. When you draw a LINE FRAME, a line is created immediately. In Calamus, lines are defined as objects within frames. This is because Calamus provides not only vertical and horizontal lines, but also diagonal, angled and curved lines. These require a frame to bind them. In practise you will soon find that lines are easy to manipulate using the frame that surrounds them. In contrast to other kinds of frames, there are a few differences when you are drawing lines. If, in the LINE toolbox you select a vertical, horizontal or diagonal line, when you start drawing you will initially see only the line. Not until you have finished drawing will the LINE FRAME appear. If, on the other hand, you select an angled or curved line, the frame will be drawn first and the line will appear after the size of the frame has been set. There are no SUBMENU selections for line frames. FILLED AREA FRAMES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Select this icon to draw a FILLED AREA FRAME. The DRAW FRAME mode will be entered automatically. In the CHANGE FRAME mode, when you click on a filled area frame, the filled area frame icon will be highlighted. When you draw a filled area frame, the attributes (shape, fill pattern, border, shadow etc.) are those currently set up in the filled area toolbox. To change the current attributes, enter the toolbox via the icon in the Top Line or by clicking on the question mark while a filled area frame is selected. There are no SUBMENU selections for filled area frames. VECTOR GRAPHIC FRAMES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Select this icon to draw a VECTOR GRAPHIC FRAME. The DRAW FRAME mode is entered automatically. If you click on a vector graphics frame while in the CHANGE FRAME mode, the program will highlight the vector graphic frames icon. For vector graphics frames there is a special functions menu page that you can call up via the question mark icon in the SUBMENU bar when this icon is highlighted. A vector graphics frame is initially empty. You can fill it by using the IMPORT function from the FILE pull-down menu. PICTURE FRAMES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Select this icon to draw a PICTURE FRAME. The DRAW FRAME mode is automatically entered. The icon is also highlighted by the program, is a picture frame is selected while in the CHANGE FRAME mode. There is a dedicated menu page for related special frame functions, which you can access via the question mark icon in the SUBMENU bar when this icon is highlighted. The picture frame is initially empty. You can place pictures using the IMPORT function from the FILE pull-down menu. GROUP FRAMES ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using the GROUP FRAMES function, frames of any type are combined into one frame. There are two ways to combine frames. You can click on this icon, then draw a 'rubber band' around the frames that you want to combine by clicking once to place a corner of the rubber band, and moving the cursor to stretch out the box until it encompasses the frames you wish to group. The other way to GROUP FRAMES is first to select the required frames one by one. To do this, click while holding down the SHIFT key and then click the group frames icon. Unless you cancel the grouping, individual frames in the group cannot be altered. If there is a TEXT FRAME within the group, for example, the text that it contains cannot be corrected without ungrouping it. Alterations to a grouped frame (reductions, enlargements, movements) affect all of its members simultaneously. The icon is highlighted when you select GROUP FRAME in the CHANGE FRAME mode. There are no special functions for this frame type. HEADER/FOOTER FRAMES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With this function you can define one or more frames of any type as standard components, that is, frames whose contents appear on several pages. The selected frames are immediately combined into a group. There are two ways to GROUP FRAMES. One is to click on this icon and then draw a rubber band around the frames that you want to include in the group (see GROUP FRAMES above for a description of the rubber band method). The second method is to select the required frames one by one. To multiple select frames, click on the selection while holding down the SHIFT key and then click on the icon. Frames defined by the grouping will appear on every succeeding page until a new standard component is defined. If, in the PAGE LAYOUT dialogue box (located under the PAGE pull-down menu), you select DOUBLE PAGE before creating HEADER/FOOTER FRAMES, standard components defined on a left hand page are displayed only on lefthand pages, and those defined on a righthand page will be displayed only on righthand frames. Frames of all types, once grouped as standard components, cannot be altered individually. Alterations to HEADER/FOOTER FRAMES (enlargements, reductions, moves) affect all of the contents at the same time. If you want to make alterations to individual elements of the header/footer frames (text, graphics, etc.) you will first have to cancel this grouping. The icon is highlighted whenever you select a header/footer frame while you are in the CHANGE FRAME mode. There are no special functions for this frame type. Note that the distinction between header and footer frames is arbitrary, referring only to the position on the page of the elements in the group. there is only one type of HEADER/FOOTER FRAME in Calamus, which performs both functions. ROTATED TEXT FRAMES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Select this icon to draw a frame will contain rotated text. The rotation angle may be defined before or after importing text into the frame. If you are in CHANGE FRAME mode and have selected a normal text frame, you can click on this icon to transform the frame into a ROTATED TEXT FRAME. If, while you are in CHANGE FRAME mode, you select a rotated text frame, this icon will be highlighted automatically. You will find the functions related to rotating text on a dedicated menu page that you can select through the question mark icon (SPECIAL FRAME FUNCTIONS option) when this icon is highlighted. Rotated text can also be made part of a textflow chain and be modified in the Text toolbox. As soon as you switch to the TEXT TOOL, the text will appear in normal position if selected. When you select another tool, or a different frame, the text is then rotated to the specified angle. CANCEL GROUPINGS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using this function you can separate grouped objects (GROUP FRAMES, HEADER/FOOTER FRAMES) back into their individual frames. This is needed if you want to do further work on, or make changes to individual members of a grouped frame. When you ungroup a header/footer frame extensive changes to your layout can occur, since frames are likely to affect the layout of a series of pages. To alert you of this, a CANCEL HEADER/FOOTER FRAME dialogue displays in this box with your mouse, you can specify which pages are to be affected by the ungroupings and effective cancellation of the header/footer frame. Select either the current page, all pages, all preceding pages or all succeeding pages. Alternatively, you can abort the ungrouping of the header/footer frame by clicking on CANCEL. The effect on preceding pages deserves an explanation. A HEADER/FOOTER FRAME can be cancelled on every page where it is displayed, not just on the page where it was defined. Let us suppose you create a header/footer frame on page 1 but cancel it on page 5. If you click on CURRENT PAGE in the dialogue box, the header/footer frame will remain valid for pages 1 to 4 and from page 6 onwards. On page 5 you will have a copy of the individual frames that previously were grouped in the header/footer frame. You may work on or delete these individual frames. This way you can adapt the display of standard components on certain pages, according to the design of your document. PROTECT FRAME ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With this function you can protect any selected frame against alterations (reduction, enlargement, movement), or remove protection that was previously applied. In the CHANGE FRAME mode, if you select a protected frame, the PROTECT FRAME icon is automatically highlighted. If you want to cancel the protection, click on the icon once again. The highlighting will be cancelled indicating that the selected frame is no longer protected. PROPORTIONAL LOCK ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you click on this icon while a frame is selected, you can protect the frame or frames against dimensional changes that alter the current proportions. This protection will change the appearance of all frames to which this function is applied. Only the four corner markers will show. If you click on one of the corners while in the CHANGE FRAME mode, you will be able to make proportional changes to the frame dimensions. To remove this protection, simply click on the icon once again to turn proportional protection off. The highlighting of the icon will be cancelled. DRAW FRAME ~~~~~~~~~~ When this icon is highlighted, you are in DRAW FRAME mode. You can select this mode by clicking on the icon or by pressing the right mouse button while your cursor is located within the page display window. Pressing the right button a second time will switch back to CHANGE FRAME mode. Pressing again will return you to draw frame mode and so on. In draw frame mode the cursor is arrowshaped. This mode is automatically selected by the program whenever you select a new frame type. CHANGE FRAME ~~~~~~~~~~~~ When this icon is highlighted, you are in CHANGE FRAME mode. You can select this mode by clicking on the icon or by pressing the right mouse button while your cursor is located within the window. The right button toggles between this mode and DRAW FRAME as described above. When you are in the change frame mode you can select frames, reposition them, combine or delete them, or change their size. COPY FRAME ~~~~~~~~~~ With this function you can copy one or more frames of any type. The copy will appear slightly offset from the original. To copy a frame, it must first be selected. If you click on the COPY FRAME icon, you will be asked whether you want to make a PHYSICAL or a VIRTUAL copy (you will be asked this for each frame, if there is more than one). Only when you make changes to the contents of the original frame will you see the difference between physical and virtual copies. The contents of all virtual copies change when the contents of any one of them is altered, whereas no change occurs to physical copies. When making virtual copies you create only a new frame in which the contents of the original frame are displayed, while physical copies include the contents as well. This uses twice as much memory. You can make changes to the size and shape of virtual copies independently, without affecting the others. Note that virtual copies are only changed globally if they are all on the same page. When making changes a dialogue box will be displayed asking if you wish to change all the virtual frames of that type, or only the selected frame. Clicking on ONE will change that frame to a physical copy, no longer affected by changes to the virtual copies that remain. You may set the copy type, thus omitting the dialogue box from the copy process, by selecting the COPY TYPE from the EXTRAS MENU, which will subsequently display the current copy type status. PLACE FRAME TO BACKGROUND ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This function allows you to rearrange overlapping frames. If you click on this icon, the selected frame is put to the background. This is useful not only when you are working on frames, but it also controls the display of objects. If, for example, you put a PICTURE FRAME on top of a TEXT FRAME, the text will be obscured. If, on the other hand, you put a text frame on top of a picture, the picture will be visible between the text. PLACE FRAME TO FOREGROUND ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This function allows you to rearrange overlapping frames. If you click on this icon, the selected frame is brought to the foreground. This is useful not only when you are working on frames, but it also controls the display of objects. If, for example, you put a PICTURE FRAME on top of text, the text is obscured. If, on the other hand, you put text on top of a picture, the picture will be a visible between the text. DELETE FRAME ~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you click on this icon, any selected frame(s) will be deleted. Depending on the setting for warning messages found under MISCELLANEOUS SETTINGS (in the EXTRAS pull-down menu), a warning message will appear and give you the option of cancelling the operation or completing it. ---------------------------- SPECIAL TEXT FRAME FUNCTIONS ---------------------------- In this menu page you can find a series of functions related to TEXT FRAMES. They are classified into three groups. Functions in the first group allocate certain attributes to text frames, which can be designed as NORMAL FRAMES, FOOTNOTE FRAMES or INDEX FRAMES. The second group of functions control the arrangements of text around illustrations and graphics. The third group comprises of all functions for controlling the flow of text from frame to frame, called TEXT FLOW. FRAMES FOR NORMAL TEXT ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you have selected this icon, it will be highlighted and your TEXT FRAME will hold and display normal text. If, while in the CHANGE FRAMES mode, you select a normal text frame with the mouse, the type of text frame is indicated by this icon, which will become highlighted chain, its type (NORMAL, INDEX, FOOTNOTE) may be altered at will. Just select the frame and click on the required icon. Only the contents of normal text frames can be modified in the DOCUMENT WINDOW or in the text editor. FOOTNOTE FRAMES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you have selected this icon, any frame that you create will be a frame specifically dedicated to footnotes. If you then mark a block of text as a footnote zone, this block will be displayed in the next available FOOTNOTE FRAME on the same or a following page. If, while in the CHANGE FRAME mode, you select a footnote frame (using the mouse) that was created earlier, this icon is highlighted by the program in order to show the frame type. Footnote frames are also given a special marking. The display of footnote blocks does not happen automatically, but must be invoked with the REFORMAT DOCUMENT function (in the TEXT menu). In addition, the footnote frame must be linked with a TEXT FRAME in the text flow chain using the textflow function. It is also possible to link a series of footnote frames together in a textflow chain and then further attach this 'footnote chain' to a normal textflow chain, its frame type can be freely altered later (NORMAL, INDEX, FOOTNOTE). Just select the frame and click on the required icon. INDEX FRAME ~~~~~~~~~~~ Select this icon to draw an INDEX FRAME. All blocks of text marked as 'index entries' can then be copied into this type of frame. The copying does not happen automatically, but is effected using the REFORMAT DOCUMENT function in the TEXT pull-down menu. Text generated by the indexing process can be worked on in the Calamus text toolbox later if, after recalculating, you change the frame type to normal. When in the CHANGE FRAME mode, if you use the mouse to select an existing INDEX TEXT FRAME, this icon will automatically be highlighted to show the frame type. Index frames are also specially marked. Index frames can be linked together with the text flow function. When processing the index, the program looks for the next available index frame on the current or a following page. If it fails to find an index frame, it will start looking again at page 1. If an index frame does not exist, no index will be created. As long as an index frame is not part of a textflow chain, its type can be freely altered later on (NORMAL, INDEX, FOOTNOTE). Just select the frame and click on the required icon. Only the contents of normal text frames can be edited in the DOCUMENT WINDOW or in the text editor. TEXT FLOW OVER FRAME ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With this function you can stop text flowing around overlapping frames, cancelling any of the three functions that follow. Select the required text frame and then click on this icon. Any previously specified text flow around other frames will then be cancelled and the text format once more fits itself solely to its original text frame boundaries. If no text flow around other frames had previously been defined, clicking on this icon has no effect. TEXT FLOW AROUND FRAME ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With this function you can force text format to flow around any other frames that overlap the TEXT FRAME. Select the required text frame and then click on this icon, which will then appear highlighted. Now select the frame(s) around which which the text is to break. If you wish to select more than one frame, click on the frames while holding down the SHIFT key. If you click on this icon once again, the text will be formatted around the overlapping frame you have selected. If the overlapping frame lies completely within the text frame, the text will flow around both sides of it. If the overlap is only partial, the text will flow by on the side where the text frame is not overlapped. You can cancel this text break by using the RUN TEXT OVER FRAME function (see below). TEXT FLOW FAVOURS RIGHT ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With this function you can force the text to flow only around the right side of frames contained in the TEXT FRAME. Select the required text frame with the mouse and the click on this icon, which will then be highlighted. Now select the frame(s) around which the text is to break. Click on the frame(s) with the mouse (while holding down the SHIFT key if you wish to select more than one frame). If you click on this icon again, the text will be formatted around the overlapping frame you have selected. If the overlapping frame lies completely within the text frame, the text will flow past it only on the right. However, if the overlap is only partial, the text will flow by on the free side. You can cancel this text break once more by means of the RUN TEXT OVER FRAME function. TEXT FLOW FAVOURS LEFT ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With this function you can force the text to flow only around the left side of frames contained in the TEXT FRAME. Select the required text frame with the mouse and the click on this icon, which will then be highlighted. Now select the frame(s) around which the text is to break. Click on the frame(s) with the mouse (while holding down the SHIFT key if you wish to select more than one frame). If you click on this icon again, the text will be formatted around the overlapping frame you have selected. If the overlapping frame lies completely within the text frame, the text will flow past it only on the left. However, if the overlap is only partial, the text will flow by on the free side. You can cancel this text break once more by means of the RUN TEXT OVER FRAME function. TEXTFLOW FROM FRAME TO FRAME ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This is the basic textflow function. Text of any length can be flowed through as many frames as required. The division between frames is dynamic; textflow is maintained when you alter the size of a frame, delete a frame from the chain, and so on. To activate this function, first select a TEXT FRAME. In the simplest case, we are dealing with an initial frame of text loaded via the IMPORT function or created in the text editor. Generally, not all the text will fit into the frame. This is indicated by an overflow sign (a cross at bottom right of the text frame). To enable the text to flow into further frames, select the first text frame in the chain and then click on this icon. If you move the cursor back into the DOCUMENT WINDOW it will have a new shape, that of the CHAINING TOOL. Now you can create all the flow chains you need by clicking on the required TEXT FRAMES one after the other. the text flows into a new frame and you can continue adding frames as required, extending over as many pages as you wish. This textflow function is only possible with free text frames; frames that do not already form part of a textflow chain, or running from the current text frame to the start of a textflow chain; to the first text frame of a series of frames chained to each other. All frames into which the text is to flow must be empty; they must not contain text. If any of these conditions are not met, a warning message will be displayed and the operation cancelled. You can use the TEXTFLOW FROM FRAME TO FRAME function to link completely empty TEXT FRAMES to form a textflow chain. If you then import text into the first frame of this chain (using IMPORT or the TEXT EDITOR), the text will flow automatically through the complete chain. TEXT FRAMES that are part of a textflow chain are inserted by a right pointing arrow at top left (except in the first frame of a textflow chain) and bottom right (except on the last frame of a textflow chain) of a frame boundaries. FLOW ONCE ~~~~~~~~~ With this function you can make a 'one-shot' textflow. Text overflowing from a frame is fed into another frame, but this irrevocably divides the two sections of text. Changing the size of either frame will no longer cause text to flow between them automatically. This function is useful when you want to divide a large amount of text into separate sections. To activate this function you should first select a TEXT FRAME, then click on the FLOW ONCE icon. When you move the cursor back into the DOCUMENT WINDOW, the chaining tool will appear and you can click on the text frame into which you want the text to flow. TEXTFLOW - FROM LAST PAGE/TO NEXT PAGE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With these two functions you can set up automatic chaining between pages that are necessary if the page layout is to be copied or duplicated on inserted pages. This function can be applied to one TEXT FRAME on any page. If you select a text frame on one page with the TEXTFLOW TO NEXT PAGE option, a textflow link is created to the following page and to the frame, if it exists, previously selected with TEXTFLOW FROM LAST PAGE. Individual frames may be given both attributes. This is a simple way to make a long text flow through a number of pages, rather than chain all the pages by hand. To execute these functions, first select a text frame. Click on the relevant icon and the selected text frame will then be given the attribute TEXTFLOW FROM LAST PAGE or TEXTFLOW TO NEXT PAGE, as appropriate. This is shown by a graphic marking in the frame. Setting the attribute does not in itself create a text connection. This happens once the page layout is copied. DISPLAY CHAINS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With this function you can see the textflow between frames. The chains between the separate TEXT FRAMES are shown as lines. They remain visible while the icon is highlighted. If you click on the icon again, it is deselected and the textflow connections become invisible again. INSERT FRAME INTO CHAIN ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using this function you can insert an empty TEXT FRAME into an existing textflow chain. The empty frame must first be selected. Then click on this icon followed by a frame in the chain. The empty frame will be inserted into the chain before that frame . For example, frames A and B are linked in a textflow chain, and frame C is empty. If you select frame C, then the INSERT FRAME INTO CHAIN icon, and finally frame B, frame C will be inserted in the textflow chain between frames A and B. The text will then flow from A to C and then to B. REMOVE FRAME FROM CHAIN ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using this function you can remove a TEXT FRAME from a textflow chain. To use this function, first select the frame to be cut out of the textflow chain. For example, if you have three linked text frames on one page (A, B, and C), and you want to remove frame B from the textflow chain, first select that frame, then click on the REMOVE FRAME FROM CHAIN icon. The text will now flow from frame A to frame C, while B becomes an empty frame. CUT TEXTFLOW CHAIN ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using this function you can separate an existing textflow chain into two independent textflow chains. First select the TEXT FRAME after which the cut is to take place. If you then click on this icon the chain will be cut. Text will no longer flow back when the text frame sizes are altered. This function is particularly useful when longer texts need to be broken up into separate sections. If the TEXTFLOW CHAIN to be cut up is linked with a FOOTNOTE FRAME, you will be asked to confirm the command and you will have the option of separating the footnote frame or breaking the textflow chain itself. -------------------------------------- SPECIAL VECTOR GRAPHIC FRAME FUNCTIONS -------------------------------------- In this menu page you will find one icon, with which you can set a VECTOR GRAPHICS FRAME to the IDEAL SIZE. This is necessary because in Calamus it is very easy to alter the size of a vector graphics frame, and the graphics image will alter to fit the new size. This can badly distort the image proportions. This function is also useful when vector graphics are imported from another program since you probably will not know the exact height to width ratio. using the ideal size function in this menu page will restore the original size and, more important, the original proportional ratio of the vector graphic. IDEAL SIZE ~~~~~~~~~~ To execute this function you should first have selected a VECTOR GRAPHIC FRAME. If you then click on this icon, the graphic will be restored to the size originally defined when it was created. ------------------------------- SPECIAL PICTURE FRAME FUNCTIONS ------------------------------- With these functions you can carry out various size optimisations the influence the relationship between the image and its frame, and give the image a name that will be shown within the frame if the image itself is not inserted into the frame. IMAGE NAME ~~~~~~~~~~ In this text display you can use the keyboard to input a short name for the image, which will then appear in the empty frame. You can use this function to mark out illustrations that will not be loaded until later, or to label spaces where photographs will later be placed. To execute this function you must first select a PICTURE FRAME. If, in the CHANGE FRAME mode, you select a picture frame that already possessed a name, that name will be displayed. PROPORTIONAL LOCK ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This function is a global option that affects both the functions which optimise image sizes for printer and screen. If this function is selected (highlighted), optimised images will always maintain their original proportions. After a frame is resized, by optimising with PROPORTIONAL LOCK selected, Calamus will fit the picture in the frame so that the pixels in the image are scaled to a multiple of the dot resolution of the output device. This excludes the dangers of distortion and moire effects. (A particular value of this function is in preserving the existing dot pitch when enlarging scans or halftones). If you click on the icon once more, the function is switched off. All picture size optimisations will then be executed to a 1:1 ratio, allocating one point on the output device for every pixel in the picture. OPTIMISE SIZE FOR PRINTER ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using this function you can optimise the size of a PICTURE FRAME image to suit the printer currently in use. The optimised size depends on the printer driver that was loaded either at startup of Calamus, or later using the PRINT DOCUMENT option of the FILE pull-down menu. To use this function, first select a picture frame. If you then click on this icon, the size of the picture frame will be altered maintaining a proportional relationship to the originally defined size. If PROPORTIONAL LOCK is highlighted the image size will be set so as to give an exact number of dots on the output device, in both the "X" and "Y" axes, for each pixel in the picture. If that option is inactive, the picture will be printed on the output device in the proportion 1:1. One printer dot will correspond to one pixel in the image. OPTIMISE SIZE FOR SCREEN ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With this function you can optimise a PICTURE FRAME for screen display. To execute this function, a picture frame must first be selected. If you then click on this icon, the size of the frame will be altered maintaining a proportional relationship to the size originally defined. If PROPORTIONAL LOCK is highlighted the image size will be set so as to give an exact number of screen pixels in both the "X" and "Y" axes, for each pixel of the picture. If that option is inactive, the picture will appear on screen in the proportion 1:1. One pixel in the picture will correspond to one screen pixel in the normal display size. CENTRE PICTURE IN FRAME ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using this function you can set the picture size and frame size independently of each other. First bring the picture to the required size. If you then click on this icon (with the PICTURE FRAME selected) you can enlarge or reduce the frame without affecting the size of the picture itself. If the frame is larger than the image, the picture will be centred within it. If the frame is smaller than the picture, only the central area of the picture will be displayed. If you select a picture frame for which you have already specified this option, the icon will be automatically selected by the program. To deselect it, click on the icon again. The image then fits itself exactly to the frame size. If you select this icon the function below, PICTURE INDEPENDENCE, is also automatically selected. PICTURE INDEPENDENCE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using this function allows you to set picture size and frame size independently of each other. If differs from CENTRE PICTURE IN FRAME in that the top left corner of the picture is always displayed, according to the size of the frame. First set the picture to the required size. If you then click on this icon (with the PICTURE FRAME selected) you can enlarge or reduce the frame without affecting the size of the picture itself. If the frame is larger than the picture, it will appear in the top left corner of the frame. If the frame is smaller than the picture, only the top left section of the picture will be shown. If you select a picture frame for which you have already specified this option, the icon will be automatically selected by the program. Again, to deselect it, simply click on the icon again. The image then fits itself exactly to the frame size. CROP PICTURE ~~~~~~~~~~~~ With this function you can crop around a chosen part of a picture. The PICTURE FRAME on which you wish to work must first be selected. If you then click on this icon, the cursor will become a small cross when it is in the DOCUMENT WINDOW. Move the cursor to the top left corner of the area to be trimmed and give one short click on the left button. If you then move the cursor, a 'rubber band' frame will appear and follow the cursor movements to mark out the area that will be retained. Mark the bottom right corner of that area with a further click of the left button. Now, only the rubber banded area will appear in the frame. If required, it can be returned to the original proportions using the optimising functions. This is an actual cropping operation as the rest of the image is deleted from memory. ---------------------------------------- SPECIAL FRAME FUNCTIONS FOR ROTATED TEXT ---------------------------------------- On this menu page you will find functions that specify the amount of rotation in ROTATED TEXT FRAMES. Rotated text frames can be created from normal TEXT FRAMES at any time by clicking on the relevant icon on the GENERAL FRAME FUNCTIONS menu page, or they can be created immediately as frames for rotated text. Text in such frames may form part of a textflow chain and be freely worked on in the TEXT EDITOR, where the rotation is not displayed. The rotated text may be displayed partially or even wholly outside its frame. The reason is that although the text is rotated, the frame is not. If the text does not appear rotated at any time, select the frame once. Text will then be displayed at the defined angle of rotation. Changes to the frame size continue to have a direct effect on the formatting of rotated text. ROTATION ANGLE (IN DEGREES) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In this numerical display you can enter the required rotation angle in degrees, via the keyboard, with a precision of one tenth of a degree. The rotation will not be executed immediately, but only when you click on the ROTATE TEXT FRAME ICON. If, in the CHANGE FRAME mode, you use the mouse to select a rotated text frame that already exists, the current rotation angle will be displayed. RECONVERT ANGLE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With this function you can convert a frame for rotated text back into a normal TEXT FRAME. To execute this function,the frame for rotated text must first be selected. By clicking on this icon you will cancel the rotation. ROTATE TEXT FRAME ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With this function you can rotate the text in a ROTATED TEXT FRAME through the angle specified. To execute this function, first select a rotated text frame. Clicking on this icon executes the rotation. Additionally, with the aid of this icon you can alter the angle of a previously rotated text frame by entering the new angle in the text input field and then carrying out the new rotation by clicking on this icon. ---------- GUIDELINES ---------- On this menu page you will find various guidelines to help you design your layout. You can define several kinds of guidelines and grids, and provide them with a snap function. This means that when you DRAW FRAMES or change their size, they will align themselves to the nearest guidelines. You can select a ruler display and a special crosshair cursor. You can select a ruler display and a special crosshair cursor. You can also selectively hide specific frame types, which can significantly speed up the construction of a complex page. DRAW VERTICAL GUIDES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Select this icon to place vertical guidelines on the document page. When you move the cursor back into the DOCUMENT WINDOW, it will take the form of a small cross. Each time that you click, a new vertical guidelines will be inserted. DRAW HORIZONTAL GUIDES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Select this icon to place horizontal guidelines on the document page. When you move the cursor back into the DOCUMENT WINDOW, it will take the form of a small cross. As with vertical guidelines, each time that you click, a new horizontal guideline will be inserted. DELETE GUIDES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Select this icon to delete horizontal and vertical guidelines from the layout. Place the cursor, which will appear as a small cross in the DOCUMENT WINDOW, near the guideline you want to delete and click on the left mouse button. The guideline will be deleted. SNAP TO VERTICAL GUIDES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ After selecting this icon the automatic snap to vertical guidelines is activated. When frames are drawn or their size is changes, their vertical borders will always be aligned to the nearest vertical guideline. If you move a frame, its upper border will be aligned to the next vertical guideline above it. To deactivate this function, click on the icon once more. SNAP TO HORIZONTAL GUIDES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you select this icon the automatic snap to horizontal guidelines is activated. When frames are drawn or their size is changed, their horizontal borders will always be aligned with the nearest horizontal guideline. If you move a frame, its left side will be aligned to the next horizontal guideline to its left. To deactivate this function, click on the icon once more. SNAP TO VERTICAL GRID ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you select this icon the automatic snap to vertical grid elements is activated. When frames are drawn or changed in size, their vertical borders will always be aligned to the nearest verticals of the grid. If you move a frame, its upper border will be aligned to the next vertical of the grid above it. To deactivate this function, click on the icon once more. SNAP TO HORIZONTAL GRID ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you select this icon the automatic snap to the horizontal elements of the grid is activated. When frames are drawn or changed in size, their horizontal borders will always be aligned to the nearest horizontals of the grid. If you move a frame, its upper border will be aligned to the next horizontal of the grid above it.To deactivate this function, click on the icon once more. CROSSHAIRS ~~~~~~~~~~ If you select this icon the normal cursor is replaced by crosshairs that extend over the entire screen. When used in conjunction with the ruler, the crosshair cursor allows you to position frames with extreme accuracy. To cancel the crosshairs cursor, click on this icon once more. HEADER AND FOOTER FRAMES ON/OFF ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In the default setting, this icon is always selected. If you deselect it by clicking on it with the mouse, all the HEADER AND FOOTER FRAMES in the layout become invisible. Sometimes this will enable you to achieve faster working speeds. A further click will reselect the icon, and the header and footer frames will again become visible. TEXT FRAMES ON/OFF ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In the default setting, this icon is always selected. If you deselect it by clicking on it with the mouse, all TEXT FRAMES in the layout become invisible. Again, this may enable you to achieve faster working speeds. A further click will reselect the icon, and the text frames will become visible again. VECTOR GRAPHIC FRAMES ON/OFF ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In the default setting, this icon is always selected. If you deselect it by clicking on it with the mouse, all VECTOR GRAPHICS FRAMES in the layout become visible. A further click will reselect the icon, and the vector graphics frames will become visible again. LINES FRAMES ON/OFF ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In the default setting, this icon is always selected. If you deselect it by clicking on it with the mouse, all LINE FRAMES in the layout become invisible. A further click will reselect this icon, and the line frames will become visible again. PICTURE FRAMES ON/OFF ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In the default setting, this icon is always selected. If you deselect it by clicking on it with the mouse, all PICTURE FRAMES in the layout become invisible. A further click will reselect the icon, and the picture frames will become visible once more. ROTATE TEXT FRAMES ON/OFF ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In the default setting, this icon is always selected. If you deselect it by clicking on it with the mouse, all ROTATED TEXT FRAMES in the layout become invisible. A further click will reselect the icon, and the rotated text frames will become visible again. GUIDES ON/OFF ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you select this icon, all guides will become visible on the screen. To hide them, click on the icon again. GRID ON/OFF ~~~~~~~~~~~ If you select this icon, the alignment grid will become visible on the screen. To make it invisible once more, click on the icon again. FRAME OUTLINES ON/OFF ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In the default setting, this icon is always selected. The borders of all frames are shown as dotted lines. If you click on this icon it will be deselected and the frame borders become invisible. A further click will reselect this icon, and the frame borders will become invisible again. COLUMN GUIDES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A common style of page layout is where text is placed in columns, such as newspaper, journal or magazine. Calamus provides special functions to facilitate column layouts. By selecting this icon, the COLUMN GUIDES dialogue box appears. By entering your own settings in this dialogue box you can create guides calibrated in columns and rows of text. Using the keyboard you can enter the required number of rows, number of columns, row spacing, and spaces between columns. You can also input values for the upper and lower margin of the text and for the right and left margins of the columns. You can move freely back and forth between the numerical displays by means of the cursor keys (up-arrow and down-arrow). You can then complete input by clicking on OK or by pressing RETURN. The defined guidelines will then be created. If, after all, you do not want to execute these settings, click on CANCEL. The guidelines are not visible unless the GUIDE ON/OFF icon is highlighted. The snap functions for these column guides are activated by the SNAP TO GUIDES functions for either vertical or horizontal elements of the column guides. SCALE GRID ~~~~~~~~~~ If you select this icon, the SET GRID SIZE dialogue box appears. You can enter the dimensions for the horizontal and vertical space between elements in the grid. The input, made via the keyboard, must end with RETURN or with a click on OK. If you decide against completing the operation, abort it by clicking on CANCEL. The grid is visible when GRID ON/OFF is highlighted. The automatic snap functions are activated with the SNAP TO VERTICAL GRID and SNAP TO HORIZONTAL GRID functions. RULER ON/OFF ~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you select this icon, a ruler display in the preselected units of measurement appears at the left and top of the DOCUMENT WINDOW. The units of measurement can be defined in inches, centimeters, picas or ciceros (using the PAGE LAYOUT option of the PAGE pull-down menu). If you click on this icon once more, it becomes deselected and the rulers disappear. ---------------- FRAME CLIPBOARDS ---------------- On this menu page you can find all the functions necessary for managing the frame clipboards. Calamus contains five clipboards, each of which can hold any kind of frame. With the aid of these clipboards you can move and copy frames between pages and between documents. The contents of the clipboards are indicated on this menu page. In each case, the top left corner of the stored frame is graphically displayed. FRAME CLIPBOARDS (1 TO 5) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In these five displays, the contents of the FRAME CLIPBOARDS are indicated by a graphic display of the top left corner of each frame in storage. For certain operations you have to select one of these clipboards. To select a clipboard, click on it once. It contents are then displayed inverted, in the same way that icons are highlighted when selected. CUT FRAME (PAGE TO CLIPBOARD) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using this function you can remove a frame from the layout and store it in a clipboard. First select the frame. If you then click on this icon, the frame is deleted from the layout and appears in the selected clipboard. If you did not preselect a clipboard, the frame will go into the next empty clipboard available. Should there not be an empty clipboard available, you will see a warning message and the operation will be cancelled. You must then select a clipboard. If a selected clipboard already contains a frame you will be asked whether the operation is to be carried out. If you proceed, the clipboard's previous contents will be overwritten. PASTE FRAME (CLIPBOARD TO PAGE) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using this function you can take a frame out of a clipboard and place it on a page. First select the appropriate clipboard. If you then click on this icon, the frame is removed from the clipboard and appears on the page in the position it previously occupied before being put into the clipboard. You can move it to another position later, in the CHANGE FRAME mode. DELETE FRAME FROM CLIPBOARD ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With this function you can permanently clear a frame from a clipboard. To execute this function, first select the appropriate clipboard. If you then click on this icon, a warning dialogue will be displayed that gives you the chance to cancel or clear the selected clipboard. COPY FRAME FROM PAGE TO CLIPBOARD ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using this function you can make a copy of any frame in a clipboard, while leaving the original frame on the page. To execute this function, first select a frame. If you then click on this icon, the frame is copied into the selected clipboard. If you did not preselect a clipboard, the frame will go into the next available one. Should there be no empty clipboard available, a warning message will be displayed and the operation will be cancelled. You must then select a clipboard. If the designated clipboard already contains a frame you will be asked whether the operation is to proceed. The clipboard's previous contents will be overwritten. MOVING FRAME FROM CLIPBOARD TO PAGE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using this function you can create a copy of a frame stored in a clipboard on the current page. Select the required clipboard. It then appears highlighted. If you then click on this icon, a copy of the frame held in the clipboard will appear on the current page, in the position that the frame originally occupied when it was put into the clipboard. You may change the frame's position afterwards, when in the CHANGE FRAME mode. Part 3 of the CALAMUS docs....... --------------------------- CHAPTER 3: THE TEXT TOOLBOX --------------------------- This toolbox contains all the functions needed to carry out text editing tasks and the formatting of text within a layout. There are eight menu pages in this toolbox, grouped by function. The cursor will have different shapes in the DOCUMENT WINDOW when you are using any of the TEXT TOOL functions. If no frames are selected, the cursor appears as a pointing finger. In this mode you can select one text frame to work on. When the cursor enters a selected TEXT FRAME, it appears in one of two forms, which denote different modes of operation, the TEXT CURSOR for direct text editing, which appears as a vertical "I-beam", and the RULER CURSOR, a small cross for selecting or modifying TEXT RULERS. You can toggle between the two modes at any time by clicking on the right mouse button. In what follows we will simply refer to the cursor as either the TEXT CURSOR or the RULER CURSOR. Calamus also contains a TEXT EDITOR with its own window, whose operation is described in a separate section of this manual. Most of the functions that you can access through the menu pages can be used in the same way in both the DOCUMENT WINDOW and the TEXT EDITOR WINDOW. When the individual functions are described, an indication will be given if they are exclusive to the document window, the text editor window, or can be used in both. ---------------------- GENERAL TEXT FUNCTIONS ---------------------- The icons on this menu page include the insertion of special functions into the text, such as PAGE and CHAPTER NUMBERS, TIME and DATE stamps, and for marking INDEX and FOOTNOTE ENTRIES. You can also call up the CALAMUS TEXT EDITOR from this menu page. INSERT ACTUAL PAGE NUMBER ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using this function you can insert the number of the current page into the text. As with all insertions, you must first put the text cursor at the point of insertion, or else select a block of text. When you carry out the insertion, any selected block will be removed and replaced by the inserted material. The inserted page number is visible only if you have already specified a page number for the current page, using the PAGE NUMBERING dialogue box, found under the PAGE pull-down menu. Later alterations to the start number or the numbering style will not be incorporated into the text automatically. They should be entered as corrections under the REFORMAT DOCUMENT function under the TEXT pull-down menu. The same rule applies if the re-numbering is rendered incorrect by, say, the insertion of additional pages. This function can be used in both the DOCUMENT WINDOW and the TEXT EDITOR. INSERT NUMBER OF FOLLOWING PAGE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using this function you can insert the number of the following page into the text. As with all insertion you must first put the text cursor at the point of insertion, or else, select a block of text. When you carry out the insertion, any selected block will be removed and replaced by the inserted material. The inserted page number is visible only if you have specified a page number for the next page, using the PAGE NUMBERING dialogue box, which you can access through the PAGE pull-down menu. Later alterations to the start number or the numbering style will not be incorporated into the text automatically. They should be entered as corrections using the REFORMAT DOCUMENT function in the TEXT pull-down menu. The same thing applies if the numbering is rendered incorrect by, say, the insertion of additional pages. This function can be used in both the DOCUMENT WINDOW and the TEXT EDITOR. INSERT SYSTEM TIME ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With this function you can have the current time inserted into the text. As with all insertions you must first put the text cursor at the point of insertion, or else select a block of text. When you carry out the insertion, any selected block will be removed and replaced by the inserted material. Again, this function can be used in both the DOCUMENT WINDOW and the TEXT EDITOR. INSERT DATE ~~~~~~~~~~~ With this function you can insert the current date into the text. First put the text cursor at the point of insertion, or else select a block of text. When you carry out the insertion, any selected block will be removed and replaced by the inserted material. This function can be used in both the DOCUMENT WINDOW and the TEXT EDITOR. HYPHENATE TEXT BLOCK ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Discretionary hyphens are placed in a long word at a point you consider acceptable. Such hyphens will not appear in the text on the page unless Calamus needs to break the word to improve the positioning of the text in the frame. This function is especially useful when text is set JUSTIFIED Calamus will also insert discretionary hyphens into text as it is being imported, as long as the HYPHENATE AFTER IMPORT function has been activated on the dictionary page of the text toolbox. If the function was inactive during text importation, or if the text was created in the CALAMUS TEXT EDITOR, using this icon allows you to insert discretionary hyphens at a later time. In the TEXT EDITOR, all discretionary hyphens can be made visible for editing purposes by activating the control codes display. Additionally, in the TEXT EDITOR, you can use the key combination "CONTROL + ~" to enter your hyphenations from the keyboard. This function can only be used in the DOCUMENT WINDOW. INSERT CHAPTER NUMBERS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using this function you can insert the number of the current chapter into the text. As with all insertions, you must first put the cursor on the point of insertion, or else select a block of text. When you carry out the insertion, any selected block of material will be removed and replaced by the inserted material. When you click on this icon, the INSERT CHAPTER NUMBER dialogue box appears on the screen. use the keyboard to enter the required numbering system into the dialogue box. Calamus maintains up to seven levels of chapter numbering. The numbering styles (letters, Arabic or Roman numerals) and the starting value can be separately defined for all seven levels, using the CHAPTER NUMBERING dialogue box from the PAGE pull-down menu. The chapter number together with the selected level will be displayed, with the last ~place~ of the chapter number (following a period) automatically incremented by one. When you confirm your input with the RETURN key or by clicking on OK, a Calamus control code for the chapter number will be inserted. Initially, only the starting value of the chapter number and the selected level will be visible. The actual chapter numbers will be calculated and displayed when you call the REFORMAT DOCUMENT function from the TEXT pull-down menu. FORCE BREAK (TEXTFLOW) TO NEXT FRAME ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With this function you can insert a control code into the text that forces it to stop at that point, and continue in the next TEXT FRAME. As with all insertions you must first put the text cursor over the point of insertion, or else select a block of text. When you carry out the insertion, any selected block will be removed and replaced by the inserted material. This function can be used in both the DOCUMENT WINDOW and the TEXT EDITOR. MANUAL KERNING ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you click on this icon, a MANUAL KERNING information box appears on the screen. This display has the sole purpose of reminding you of the keyboard controls that will modify kerning of text. When you have positioned the text cursor anywhere in the text, hold down the SHIFT key while using the arrow keys to move the text behind the cursor (and in the same line) in steps of 0.1 of a point in any of the four directions. You can adjust text in larger steps by holding down CONTROL instead. This function enables you to specify exact kerning in a title, or position a formula exactly where you want it. Manual kerning is possible only in the DOCUMENT WINDOW. OPEN TEXT EDITOR ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Click on this icon with the mouse to open the CALAMUS TEXT EDITOR window. If you have already selected a TEXT FRAME, the contents of the selected area will appear in the TEXT EDITOR and you can work on it there. If you have not done this then the text editor will be empty waiting for you to input new text. You can work alternately in the TEXT EDITOR and the DOCUMENT WINDOW. To switch from on e to the other, click on the window that you want to use. Please note that any alterations you make in the text editor will not affect the layout until you pour the altered text back into the layout. Similarly, alterations made within the layout do not affect any text in the text editor. Once again, text that has been altered within the layout has to be taken over into the text editor. You can find more detail on working with the text editor in section 9 of this chapter. REFERENCE TO PREVIOUS PAGE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With this function you can insert into the text the number of the preceding page to which the current textflow chain is joined, which may be on any page of the document. You must first put the text cursor at the point of insertion, or else select a block of text. When you carry out the insertion, any selected text will be removed and replaced by the inserted material. The inserted page number is visible only if you have already specified a number for that page, using the PAGE NUMBERING dialogue box which you can access through the PAGE pull-down menu. Later alterations to the start number or the numbering style will not be incorporated into the text automatically. They should be entered as corrections using the REFORMAT DOCUMENT function in the TEXT pull-down menu. The same thing applies if the numbering is rendered invalid by, say, the insertion of additional pages. This function can be used in both the DOCUMENT WINDOW and the TEXT EDITOR. REFERENCE TO NEXT PAGE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With this function you can insert into the text the number of the succeeding page to which the current textflow chain is joined, which may be on any page of the document. You must first put the text cursor at the point of insertion, or else select a block of text. When you carry out the insertion, any selected text will be removed and replaced by the inserted material. The inserted page number is visible only if you have already specified a number for that page, using the PAGE NUMBERING dialogue box which you can access through the PAGE pull-down menu. Later alterations to the start number or the numbering style will not be incorporated into the text automatically. They should be entered as corrections using the REFORMAT DOCUMENT function in the TEXT pull-down menu. The same thing applies if the numbering is rendered invalid by, say, the insertion of additional pages. This function can be used in both the DOCUMENT WINDOW and the TEXT EDITOR. ENTER INTO FOOTNOTE FRAME ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With this function you can define as a footnote any block of text that you have previously selected with the text cursor (the text will appear highlighted). The selected text block disappears from the text, to be replaced by a footnote number. Using the REFORMAT DOCUMENT function found under the TEXT pull-down menu, you can then arrange these footnote blocks in the special footnote frames. FOOTNOTE FRAMES should be linked with the main text frame TO the footnote frame. It is not necessary to make a chain link to the next frame in the body text, which remains connected to the original chain. Body text will not flow into footnote frames directly. This function can be used only in the DOCUMENT WINDOW. ENTER INTO INDEX ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With this function you can define as an INDEX entry a block of text that you have previously selected (highlighted). You will first be asked whether the selected block is to appear only in the index (MOVE) or in both the index and the main text (COPY). Using the REFORMAT DOCUMENT function (under the TEXT pull-down menu) you can then format these index blocks in special index frames. These should be linked with the main text by means of a single textflow chain (see ENTER INTO FOOTNOTE FRAME, above). This function can be used only in the DOCUMENT WINDOW. ---------------------- CHARACTER SET OVERVIEW ---------------------- On this menu page the CHARACTER SET of the currently selected font is displayed. This overview is intended not only to show you the available characters but by selecting the character you want, you can insert it into the text at the current cursor position. This is especially useful for characters that cannot be called directly from the keyboard. This insertion works in both the DOCUMENT WINDOW and the TEXT EDITOR. You can assign frequently wanted characters to keys or key combinations (ALTERNATE key plus a character or function key, see Appendix 2). You should note, though, that the character will only appear if you have first displayed the appropriate page of the font overview. You can also define frequently required special signs as MACROS and so make them accessible from the keyboard. SKIP BACK/FORWARD ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Click on the up and down arrow icons at the top of the page to scroll through the entire CHARACTER SET. INSERT CHARACTER ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you click on one of the characters displayed on the menu page with the mouse, it will be inserted into the text. As with all insertions, you must first put the text cursor at the point of insertion, or else select a block of text. When you carry out the insertion, any selected block will be removed and replaced by the inserted material. This function can be used in both the DOCUMENT WINDOW and the TEXT EDITOR. ---------------------------------- DICTIONARY AND MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS ---------------------------------- You will find tow groups of functions in this menu. The first is for setting AUTOMATIC HYPHENATION for imported text, and for creating or modifying an EXCEPTIONS DICTIONARY for use with automatic hyphenation. A basic dictionary is supplied with Calamus, and you can extend it as you wish. You can, in fact, have several different dictionaries. The other two functions in this menu properly relate to TEXT RULER editing, but for reasons of space they were placed on this menu page. These two numerical displays let you specify word and character spacing in sections of text. HYPHENATION AFTER IMPORT ON/OFF ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If this icon is displayed highlighted when importing text, discretionary hyphens will be inserted during the process. These hyphens are used in justified setting and (under certain circumstances) also in the flush left, flush right and centred text. You can insert discretionary hyphens at a later time with the HYPHENATE TEXT BLOCK function. If you wish to switch the hyphenation off while importing, just click on this icon again. It will then be shown without highlighting. Calamus hyphenation works algorithmically, ie in accordance with rules. since no algorithmic hyphenation can be error free, you can load an EXCEPTIONS dictionary (see following text). You can modify and add to this exceptions dictionary. SKIP THROUGH DICTIONARY ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you click on this icon, a dialogue box will open to allow you to look through, or modify the hyphenation exceptions dictionary. If you wish to check a particular word, type it into the input line of the dialogue box when it opens, and the discretionary hyphens will be shown. These appear either as a normal hyphen "-" or as a "+" to show hyphenation between the syllables of a compound word. You can modify this word using the keyboard, or you can insert discretionary hyphens using the mouse by clicking on the letter before which the discretionary hyphen is to be inserted. If you click on a hyphen it will change to a "+" and will be regarded as a junction between elements of a compound word. Clicking a "+" sign causes it to disappear. You can also enter a hyphen or a "+" sign directly from the keyboard. Other signs will not be accepted but will result in an error message If the selected word was already in the dictionary, the appropriate page will be shown in the window. If the word was identified as a compound, the syllables that make it up will also be shown. You can click on words displayed in the window to select them, whereupon they will be highlighted and also displayed in the input line for you to modify. Or you can enter a new word in the input line and have the dictionary search for it. The functions SEARCH, INSERT, DELETE and QUIT DICTIONARY are selected by the four icons in the dialogue box, which are described here in the order they appear top to bottom in the dialogue box. INSERT WORD IN DICTIONARY ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you click on this icon, the word in the input line will be added to the dictionary with the hyphenation shown. DELETE WORD FROM DICTIONARY ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you click on this icon, the highlighted word will be deleted from the dictionary. SEARCH FOR WORD IN THE DICTIONARY ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you click on this icon, Calamus will search the dictionary for the word in the input line. If it is found, the appropriate page of the dictionary will be shown in the window with the selected word highlighted. It will also be displayed in the input line for you to make any modifications to it that you wish. If the word is identified as a compound word, its component syllables will be shown. DELETE DICTIONARY ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Click on this icon to clear any dictionary from memory. A prompt will then appear, asking you to confirm your intention. Any alterations you made will be lost unless you first save the dictionary. You can close the dictionary window by clicking on OK. LOAD DICTIONARY ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you click on this icon, the Calamus File Selector Box will open up and you can load the required hyphenation exceptions dictionary from floppy or hard disk into Calamus. Calamus comes with a standard hyphenation dictionary. You can customise the dictionary yourself. Calamus dictionaries have the filename extension ".CWB". SAVE DICTIONARY ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you want to make any further use of a hyphenation exceptions dictionary which you have modified, you can save it to floppy or hard disk. Click this icon and the FILE SELECTOR BOX will open. You can then save the dictionary under the filename of your choice. Calamus dictionaries have the filename extension ".CWB". CHARACTER KERNING ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You can use this function to modify the spacing between letters. CHARACTER KERNING is a TEXT RULER function. The letter spacing you choose will be applied from one text ruler to the next. If you only want to change the spacing of particular letters you should use the MANUAL KERNING function instead. CHARACTER KERNING is calculated automatically in Calamus. You can increase or reduce the kerning by a constant value by inputting a value into the numerical display. First, select a TEXT RULER. Any kerning currently in use with that TEXT RULER will then be shown in the display. If you wish to change the kerning, first click on the display (an input cursor appears), then input the required value. If you precede the number with a minus sign, the kerning will be reduced by the amount you have entered. Unsigned numbers give positive kerning. You must end your input with the RETURN key. the text governed by the text ruler will then be reformated. This function is only available in the DOCUMENT WINDOW. WORD KERNING ~~~~~~~~~~~~ You can use this function to modify the spacing between words. It is a TEXT RULER function. The WORD KERNING you choose will be applied from one text ruler to the next. If you only want to change the kerning of particular words you should choose the MANUAL KERNING function instead. Word kerning is governed in Calamus by the formatting style (left aligned, right aligned, justified etc.) and the chosen font. you can increase or reduce the word kerning by a constant value into the numerical display. Firs select a TEXT RULER, Any additional word kerning currently in use with that text ruler will then be shown in the display. if you wish to change the kerning, click on the numerical display and input the required value. If you precede the number with a minus sign, the kerning will be reduced by the amount you have entered, otherwise it will be increased. You must end your input with a RETURN. the text governed by the text ruler will then be reformated. This function is only available in the DOCUMENT WINDOW. --------------------- TEXT RULER OPERATIONS --------------------- On this menu page you will find most of the functions that modify TEXT RULERS. Text rulers are aids to help you define the formatting style. As with a typewriter, for example, you can use it to set tabs and margins. But text rulers in Calamus also govern format instructions such as ALIGNED LEFT, ALIGNED RIGHT, CENTRED and JUSTIFIED settings, CHARACTER and WORD KERNING. Although TABS and MARGINS are shown graphically in the TEXT RULER, the format instructions are displayed and modified on this Calamus menu page. These settings govern the text up to the next text ruler. You may use as many text rulers as you wish in Calamus. Text rulers are displayed if you have activated them with the TEXT RULERS option of the TEXT pull-down menu, or if you click on the right mouse button, whilst a TEXT FRAME is selected. If you want to modify a TEXT RULER, select the TEXT FRAME to which it belongs with the mouse. Then click on the right mouse button to switch over to the text ruler cursor (a small cross). If you now click inside a text ruler it will be shown with a heavy border around it. At the same time some current parameters (formatting style, line and word kerning) will be displayed on the menu page. You can alter settings by clicking with the mouse, or change numerical values from the keyboard. The alterations will be incorporated immediately. if, on the other hand, you select one of the six icons in the top row of the menu page, you can set tabs, indents and left and right margins in the text ruler by clicking where you wish to place the format command. These settings are then graphically displayed in the text ruler. All insertions and alterations to the settings have immediate effect, ie the text will be reformated immediately to comply with the new settings. This menu page also contains functions to delete, insert and copy TEXT RULERS. There is, however, another elegant and simple way to reformat blocks of text. When you use it, text rulers will be inserted automatically by the program. If you select a block of text by dragging the text cursor (the I-BEAM) over it whilst holding down the left mouse button, and then define a new setting (a new formatting style, new line spacing or a paragraph indent), the highlighted block will then be reformated. The program will insert two new text rulers, one before and one after the highlighted block. The first one will hold the new format instructions, applicable to the block, while the second restores the preceding formatting style to the text that follows on. INSERT DECIMAL TABS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Select this icon to INSERT DECIMAL TABS into a selected TEXT RULER using the cursor. Click at the required position on the text ruler. The decimal tab symbol will appear. You can put up to 160 decimal tabs into a text ruler. When you insert tabulation commands into the text by pressing the TAB key, the text that follows will appear at the corresponding tab position within the current line. If no tabs have been set, a tabulation command will be interpreted as a space. If the next tab position is a decimal tab, Calamus will check whether the next character is a figure. If it is, it will be tabbed with either the last digit or the decimal sign (if the number includes one) at the tab position. If it is not a figure it will be tabbed at the last character. The decimal sign can be defined in the STYLE MENU dialogue box. This function can be used only from the DOCUMENT WINDOW. INSERT TABS ~~~~~~~~~~~ Select this icon to insert a marker into a selected TEXT RULER that defines the left margin of text. Click at the required point on the text ruler. The LEFT MARGIN SYMBOL will appear. A text block will then be aligned with the margin symbol, instead of at the edge of the frame., The margin setting has no influence on the paragraph indent so, if you specify a left margin placed to the right of the paragraph indent, the first line of the paragraph will hang out to the left of the text that follows. When you set a new left margin, the text will be reformated immediately. This function can be used only from the DOCUMENT WINDOW. INSERT RIGHT MARGIN ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Select this icon to insert a marker into a selected TEXT RULER that defines the right margin of text. Click at the required point on the text ruler. The RIGHT MARGIN SYMBOL will appear. Normally, text is formatted to lie flush to the right edge of the TEXT FRAME. By setting a right text margin, the right edge of the text will be level with the marker. When you set a new right margin the text is reformated immediately. This function can be used only from the DOCUMENT WINDOW. DELETE TABS ~~~~~~~~~~~ Select this icon to delete both normal and decimal tabs from a selected TEXT RULER. To delete a tab, click on a TAB SYMBOL in the text ruler. It will disappear and the text will be reformated. This function can be used only from the DOCUMENT WINDOW. ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE LINE LEADING ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using these two icons you can choose between two different ways to measure LINE LEADING. If you select ABSOLUTE LINE LEADING (the upper icon), the LINE LEADING value in the NUMERICAL DISPLAY specifies the summed size of the leading plus the font. A leading value lower than the current font size will cause lines to overlap. If you select RELATIVE LINE LEADING by clicking on the lower icon (the default setting), the LINE LEADING will be calculated by adding the additional leading that is displayed in the numerical display. This setting will be in force over the text area governed by the selected TEXT RULER. If you select a new text ruler, these icons will show which line leading calculation method is currently in use. The method chosen for calculating line leading also influences the PARAGRAPH LEADING, although it can be defined separately. FORMATTING STYLE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using these four icons you can choose between four formatting styles. Basically, you can make the choice in two different ways. if you select a TEXT RULER with the cursor, the formatting style current in the frame area governed by the text ruler will be indicated by the relevant icon being highlighted. You can, at any time, change to a different style by clicking on the appropriate icon. The text in the area governed by the text ruler will be reformated so you can observe the effects on screen. Alternatively, you can select a block of text (click and drag, with the I-BEAM) and then click on one of these four icons. The selected block will be reformated in the chosen style. the program automatically inserts two new text rulers, one before the style that preceded the selected block, and one after it to restore the style that preceded the selected block, to the text that follows it. The formatting style is indicated in the text ruler with small graphic symbols. This function is only available in the DOCUMENT WINDOW. LINE LEADING ~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you select a TEXT RULER with the cursor, the value currently applied to the LINE LEADING of the following text will be displayed. If you wish to alter this value, click in the numerical display. An inverted cursor will appear and you can input a new value from the keyboard. You must end the input with RETURN. The effect on the text is immediate. The input value will have absolute or relative validity, depending on the setting of the ABSOLUTE and RELATIVE LINE LEADING icons. This function is only available in the DOCUMENT WINDOW. PARAGRAPH LEADING ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you select a TEXT RULER with the cursor, the PARAGRAPH LEADING of the text that follows will be displayed. If you wish to alter this value, click in the numerical display. An inverted cursor will appear and you can input a new value from the keyboard. You must end the input with RETURN. The effect on the text is immediate. The input value will have absolute or relative validity, depending on the previous setting (see above). This function is only available in the DOCUMENT WINDOW. TEXT RULERS CLIPBOARD ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ use this function to copy TEXT RULERS. First, select the text rulers you want to copy. If you then click on this icon, a copy of the text rulers will be placed in the CLIPBOARD. This will be indicated by the icon becoming highlighted. Now you can insert an identical copy of the text ruler at a different position in the text. place the cursor where the text ruler is to be inserted and click on this icon again. The inserted text ruler will be pasted into the text at that position and the text reformated. This function is only available in the DOCUMENT WINDOW. DELETE TEXT RULER ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using this function you can delete TEXT RULERS from the layout. Select the required text ruler, then delete it from the text by clicking on this icon. The first text ruler in a text flow cannot be deleted. if you attempt this, a warning message appears on screen. When a text ruler is deleted, the text is reformated immediately. if the text ruler to be deleted is one of a pair created when a highlighted block is reformated, the second text ruler will not be deleted. This function is only available in the DOCUMENT WINDOW. INSERT TEXT RULER ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using this function you can insert a TEXT RULER anywhere in the text. Place the text cursor (the I-BEAM) at the required point and click on this icon. If, however, you place the cursor at the start of the current line, the line will appear after the text ruler. The text will be reformatted immediately. The newly created text ruler will copy the settings of the last selected text ruler unless the clipboard contains a ruler, in which case it will be copied instead. This function is only available in the DOCUMENT WINDOW. -------------------- FONT AND TEXT COLOUR -------------------- In this menu page you can specify the required typeface and typeface colour. This menu page forms a functional unit with the next page, TYPE SIZE and STYLE described in the next section. In particular, the functions RESTYLE TEXT and GET TEXT STYLE that appear in the FONT SIZE and STYLE menu page, are used to apply the setting of functions on this menu page. The fonts currently loaded into Calamus are graphically displayed in this menu page in order to give you an impression of the typeface. for this reason, the fields display does not contain the full font name as it appears in the LOAD FONT dialogue box. In extreme cases, the font name shown here may be different from that shown in the LOAD FONT box. The number of fonts used in Calamus depends only on the amount of available RAM. You may have many more fonts loaded than can appear on this menu page, in which case you can scroll through the list using the SKIP BACKWARD and SKIP FORWARD icons at the top of the page. SKIP BACKWARDS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you click on this icon, the FONT LIST will scroll back one page, (equivalent to nine fonts), until you get to the start of the font list. DISPLAY CURRENT FONT ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you click on this icon, the FONT LIST will scroll forward or back until the current (selected) font is displayed in the window. SKIP FORWARDS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you click on this icon, the FONT LIST will scroll forward one page, (equivalent to nine fonts), until you get to the end of the font list. SELECT FONT ~~~~~~~~~~~ In this area of the menu page up to nine fonts are graphically displayed. You can select one of these fonts with the mouse. It will become highlighted and will become the current selected font. This will have an effect only when you import text into an empty TEXT FRAME. The imported text is then displayed in the selected typeface. The current selected font may change when using the RESTYLE TEXT and GET TEXT STYLE functions in the TYPE SIZE AND STYLE menu page. if you select any area of text (dragging/highlighting with the I-BEAM) and then click on the GET TEXT STYLE icon, the first font name used in that section will be displayed. if you wish to change the font, first click on the replacement font which will become highlighted, then click on the RESTYLE TEXT icon. in the selected area of text, all existing fonts will then be replaced by the new one. TEXT COLOUR ~~~~~~~~~~~ In Calamus, you can select the required text colour. The current colour is indicated by an outline round the corresponding icon. In this version of Calamus, only black or white are available. The setting affects text only whilst it is being imported, or in conjunction with the RESTYLE TEXT and GET TEXT STYLE functions. If you select a text block (by clicking and dragging) and then call the GET TEXT STYLE function, the current colour for the selected block will be displayed here. If you want to alter the text colour, you can do it by clicking on the required icon. You must then call the RESTYLE TEXT function from the next menu page. the previous text colour will be replaced by the new one. ------------------- TYPE SIZE AND STYLE ------------------- Located on this menu page are the various icons related to selecting TYPE SIZE and STYLE. CALAMUS type styles include UNDERLINED, OUTLINED, SHADOWED, SUPERSCRIPT and SUBSCRIPT. Italic and bold faces are treated as styles, but are available as dedicated fonts. On this menu page you will find functions for checking STYLE, POINT SIZE, TYPEFACE, etc. and for redefining all of these parameters. Additionally, certain global values can be set using the style menu contained on this page. FONT SIZE ~~~~~~~~~ You can select from a large number of frequently required type sizes directly by clicking on the respective icon. Alternatively, a value for the type size (in steps of 1/10 point minimum) can be entered from the keyboard. Please note that the unit or measurement used is that set in the PAGE LAYOUT dialogue box found under the PAGE pull-down menu. The units available are picas, ciceros, and millimeters. the units currently in use are indicated in the numerical display with the abbreviation "pt" for pica points, "p" for cicero points and "mm" for millimeters. To select a type size, click on one of the fifteen preset icons (the selected type size will appear immediately in the display), or click on the numerical display itself. The highlighted cursor then appears and you can enter any font size you like in steps of 1/10 point or 1/10 millimeter. The selected type size will take effect only when you import text into an empty TEXT FRAME. The text then appears in the selected size. if you first drag/highlight a text block with the I-BEAM cursor and then call the GET TEXT STYLE function, the type size currently in use in the selected block appears in the numerical display. Alternatively you can alter the type size in the highlighted block by selecting a type size with the mouse or entering a type size from the keyboard and then calling the RESTYLE TEXT function. TEXT STYLE ~~~~~~~~~~ By clicking on one or more of the small icons you can select a TEXT STYLE or combination of text styles. The selected style will be indicated by a cross in the respective icon. You can choose any combination of underlined, outlined, shadowed, superscript or subscript. This setting has effect only when you import text into an empty TEXT FRAME. Then, the specified style will be adopted. if you select a block of text with the text cursor and then use the RESTYLE TEXT function, the existing style specified for the selected block will be displayed in these fields. Alternatively, if you call the RESTYLE TEXT function, the style that you have chosen in the selected block will be adopted. RESTYLE TEXT ~~~~~~~~~~~~ This is the function you will use for effecting changes in TYPEFACE, TYPE COLOUR, TYPE SIZE and TYPE STYLE. By clicking on this icon you will apply all the settings from this and the previous menu page to the selected block of text, or a complete TEXT FRAME. The specified colour, type size and type style will be adopted simultaneously. the area governed by this function is either a block previously selected with the TEXT CURSOR or, if no block has been selected and after a request for confirmation, the entire currently selected TEXT FRAME. It is possible that, whilst wishing to alter only the type size, you might inadvertently change the font and style too. To avoid this use the GET TEXT STYLE function before changing text style. The two menu pages will then show all the settings currently operating on the selected block. If you then click on this icon, you will ensure that only the style information you have deliberately changed will be applied to the target text. GET TEXT STYLE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you click on this icon, all parameters contained on this menu page and the preceding one (TYPEFACE, TYPE COLOUR, TYPE SIZE and TYPE STYLE), will display values currently set for a selected block of text. You should select a text block before calling this function, otherwise the display will represent the complete selected TEXT FRAME. if the selected block or frame contains different typefaces, type sizes, etc., only the first of each will be indicated. STYLE MENU ~~~~~~~~~~ If you click on this icon, the MISCELLANEOUS SETTINGS dialogue box will appear. in this dialogue box you can enter four groups of settings that affect the type image. All settings affect the currently selected TEXT FRAME. The first group of settings governs the appearance of SHADOWED TEXT. From the keyboard you can enter the shadow density as a percentage on the grey scale, and the horizontal and vertical OFFSET of the shadow from the type. With the next group of settings you can specify the DENSITY and DISTANCE of UNDERLINING for type from the keyboard. Thirdly, you can specify the symbol to be used for decimal tabulation points in your document. SHADOW INTENSITY ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The intensity of text shadows, and their offset from the original, can be set by clicking in the relevant numerical display and entering the required value from the keyboard. It is not necessary to end input with RETURN, as this key will close the dialogue box. You can move through the numerical displays with the up and down arrow keys. UNDERLINE ATTRIBUTES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Underlining attributes are entered from the keyboard. Click on the relevant numerical display to modify the OFFSET from the text or the DENSITY of the line itself. DECIMAL TAB CHARACTER ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You can specify which kind of symbol Calamus will use to indicate the decimal point in a number. Click on the character display (at the end of the descriptive line in the dialogue box), and type in the chose decimal tab character. OUTLINE ATTRIBUTES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The final setting affects the appearance of outlined type. By clicking on one of the icons you can choose between STATIC and DYNAMIC outline thicknesses. Static thickness is always one pixel wide and therefore depends upon the printer resolution for the quality of the appearance on the printed page. The dynamic outline thickness maintains a proportional relationship to the type size and therefore increases for larger type. ------------- MACRO MANAGER ------------- On this menu page are located all of the functions that you need to define, input, alter and manage macros. In Calamus, macros are defined as any combination of style and format instructions (TEXT RULER) and the text itself. Macros have names, which are displayed in this menu page. In addition, a specific key code is assigned to activate each macro, in combination with the CONTROL key. This key code is also displayed in the menu page. A macro, once defined, can be inserted at the cursor position in the layout or in the TEXT EDITOR by clicking on the macro name with the mouse, or by pressing the assigned key together with the CONTROL key. This can save numerous keystrokes when carrying out complex operations or making lengthy entries from the keyboard. When using TEXT RULER and STYLE macros, you should note that insertion of such macros will alter all of the text that follows. If you want to alter only part of the text, you will generally need to input more than one macro. MACRO LIST ~~~~~~~~~~ Defined macros (see DEFINED MACRO below) are shown in the macro list. Calamus will store a maximum of 22 macros. If you click on a macro name or press the assigned key combination, the chosen macro will then be inserted at the current TEXT CURSOR position. As with all insertions, you should position the cursor first or select a block of text. This function can be used in both the DOCUMENT WINDOW and the TEXT EDITOR. MARK START OF BLOCK ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Click on this icon to specify the current cursor position as the start of a block. As long as a block end is selected after the block start, the text area contained between the start and end points (highlighted) will be selected for block operations. the same function can also be called under the TEXT pull-down menu. This function can only be used in the TEXT EDITOR. MARK END OF BLOCK ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Click on this icon to specify the current cursor position as the end of a block. As long as a block start is selected before the block end, the text area contained between the start and end points (highlighted) will be selected for block operations. the same function can also be called under the TEXT pull-down menu. This function can only be used in the TEXT EDITOR. DEFINE MACRO ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using this icon you can define a macro for later use. First select an area of text (either by dragging/highlighting or specifying the start and end points of the text block). Then click on this icon to define the macro. The DEFINE MACRO dialogue box will then appear on the screen. You can enter the name of the macro and the key you wish to assign into this dialogue box, i.e. the key which, in combination with the CONTROL key, will activate the macro. macro keys are CASE SENSITIVE; if you use upper case characters for the name you must call the macro in upper case. By clicking on the appropriate icons in the dialogue box, you can specify whether TEXT and/or STYLE and/or TEXT RULER (format instructions) are to be included in the macro. the selected icons will then be highlighted. By clicking on OK you will end the macro definition and it will now be displayed in the macro list with its name and call key. This function is only available in the DOCUMENT WINDOW. CHANGE MACRO ~~~~~~~~~~~~ using this function you can alter the name and assigned key of a previously defined macro. if you have selected a block of text with the text cursor (the I-BEAM) you can also redefine the macro's contents. Click on this icon, which will become highlighted, then click on a name displayed in the macro list. The CHANGE MACRO dialogue box will open up. If you have selected a block of text, the TEXT RULER, STYLE and TEXT options will be active. If no text is selected, the DEFINE NEW CONTENTS icon will be empty, and the icons for choosing between text ruler, style and text will be inactive (displayed in grey). Input is made in the same way as in the DEFINE MACRO dialogue box, except that here you also have the option of deleting the macro. If you click on DEFINE NEW CONTENTS, the selected text block will be defined as the macro contents. At this point you can also select the required combination of format instructions (text ruler), style and text to be included in the macro. Click on OK to confirm the alterations or CANCEL to abandon them. This function is only available in the DOCUMENT WINDOW. SAVE MACRO LIST ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using this function you can save a set of up to 22 defined macros to floppy or hard disk, in order to be able to use them in other documents later. When you click on this icon the CALAMUS FILE SELECTOR BOX will open up, and you can save the macro list under the filename of your choice. Calamus macro lists have the filename extension ".CMA". LOAD MACRO LIST ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using this function you can load a set of up to 22 previously saved macros from floppy or hard disk, in order to use them in your document. When you click on this icon the CALAMUS FILE SELECTOR BOX will open up and you can load in the required macro set. Calamus macro lists have the filename extension ".CMA". --------------- TEXT CLIPBOARDS --------------- This Calamus menu page contains five text clipboards, together with functions for their use. All CUT, COPY, PASTE and MOVE operations on text are carried out on this page. If you want to cut or move a text block into a clipboard, you should first select the required block. If you are working in the DOCUMENT WINDOW, you can define the block by dragging the TEXT CURSOR over it whilst holding down the left mouse button. if you are working in the TEXT EDITOR, you should select the block using BLOCK START and BLOCK END. If you want to paste text from a clipboard into your document, you should first insert the cursor where you want the insertion to take place, or else select a block of text to be replaced by the contents of the clipboard. THE CLIPBOARDS (1 TO 5) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In these five windows, the contents of the five clipboards are graphically represented with a display of the the top left corner of the stored text. For some operations, you must first select one of these clipboards by clicking on it. The contents will then become highlighted. CUT TEXT (FRAME TO CLIPBOARD) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using this function you can CUT a block of text from your document and insert it into a clipboard. First select the required block of text. If you then click on this icon, the selected block will be deleted from the main text and appear in the selected clipboard. if you did not select a clipboard, the next available one will be selected for you. if there is no empty clipboard available you will see a message to that effect and the operation will be cancelled. You will then have to select a clipboard. If the clipboard already contains text, you will be asked to confirm that you want to complete the operation, since proceeding will overwrite the existing contents. This function can be used in both the DOCUMENT WINDOW and the TEXT EDITOR. PASTE TEXT (CLIPBOARD TO FRAME) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using this function you can PASTE text from the clipboard into existing text wherever it is required. Select the required clipboard, then click on this icon. if you do no select a clipboard a message will appear asking you to select one. You must also select a TEXT FRAME at this point. If you do not, a message will appear asking you to do so. If you do not delineate a text block, another message will appear asking you to select a text block, a text ruler or insert the cursor in the text. having fulfilled these conditions, click on the PASTE TEXT icon. The text will be deleted from the clipboard and appear within the TEXT FRAME in the exact location that you have indicated. This function can be used in both the DOCUMENT WINDOW and the TEXT EDITOR. DELETE TEXT IN CLIPBOARD OR FRAME ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using this function you can delete text from a clipboard or from a document. If you wish to delete the contents of a clipboard, select the relevant clipboard. If you then click on this icon you may, depending on previous settings, see an alert message offering you a choice between cancelling the operation or completing it. If you want to delete a block of text while working in the DOCUMENT WINDOW or in the TEXT EDITOR, you should first select the block. If you then click on this icon you may, depending on previous settings, see an alert message offering you a choice between cancelling the operation or completing it. If a clipboard and a text block are both selected, you will be asked which one is to be deleted. This function can be used in both the DOCUMENT WINDOW and the TEXT EDITOR. COPY TEXT (FRAME TO CLIPBOARD) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Using this function you can copy a block of text from a document into a clipboard, without affecting the block. First select the required block of text. If you then click on this icon, the selected block will be copied from the main text and appear in the selected clipboard but will also remain in the text. if you did not select a clipboard, the next available one will be selected for you. if there is no empty clipboard available you will see a message to that effect and the operation will be cancelled. You will then have to select a clipboard. If the clipboard that is to receive the copy already contains text, you will be asked to confirm that you want to complete the operation, since proceeding will overwrite the existing contents. This function can be used in both the DOCUMENT WINDOW and the TEXT EDITOR. MOVE (CLIPBOARD TO DOCUMENT) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ using this function you can insert a block of text from a clipboard into your document without deleting it from the clipboard. First insert the text cursor in the text where you want to paste the clipboard contents, or else select a text block. When the text is inserted, any selected text block will be deleted and replaced by the inserted matter. If you select the required clipboard and then click on this icon, the contents of the clipboard will be inserted into the text at the cursor position. This function can be used in both the DOCUMENT WINDOW and the TEXT EDITOR. ******************************************************************** Deze diskette is samengesteld door de Stichting ST, Postbus 11129, 2301 EC Leiden. Onze bibliotheek van public domain programma's omvat op dit moment (winter 1993) al meer dan negenhonderd disks. Daarop vindt u programma's op elk gebied, van tekstverwerker en database tot de leukste spelletjes, de fraaiste tekenprogramma's en de handigste utilities. Ook bevat onze bibliotheek een speciale afdeling voor public domain disks met Macintosh software, die te gebruiken zijn onder de ALADIN emulator. Deze MAC-PD serie bevat tot nu toe ongeveer vijfendertig disks. ******************************************************************** U vindt in het twee maandelijks tijdschrift "ST" (Onafhankelijk tijd- schrift van en voor gebruikers van Atari ST computers) een overzicht en een bespreking van de inhoud van de nieuwe public-domain diskettes. Dit tijdschrift bevat tevens een bestelkaart zodat U vlot over de software kunt beschikken. De november/december uitgave 1993 bevat de aanvullin- gen en wijzigingen van dat jaar. In uitgave nov/dec 1992 is een over- zicht van de Public Domain bibliotheek (bijgewerkt tot dec. 1992) te vinden. De Stichting ST geeft ook een speciale PD catalogus disk (database met filenamen) uit. Deze public domain disk is geproduceerd en gedistribueerd door: ************** Stichting ST afd. Software Bakkersteeg 9A 2311 RH LEIDEN ************** Ondanks onze controle komt het af en toe voor dat een diskje niet goed is gecopieerd.Mocht U dit overkomen, aarzel dan niet en stuur de defecte disk aan ons terug. U krijgt dan direct een vervangende disk toegestuurd. ************************************************************************ Teneinde het voor ons mogelijk te maken om productiefouten op te sporen en vervolgens in de toekomst te vermijden, zijn alle disks, geproduceerd door de Stichting ST, voorzien van een groen productienummer. ************************************************************************