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No copies of the floppy disk(s) may be sold or given to a b}ny person or other entity.ЫЫNotwithstanding the above, the documentation and accompanying disk(s) may be duplicated for the s c}ole use of the original purchaser.ЫЫAntic is a trademark of Antic Publishing, Inc.ЫЫTABLE OF CONTENTSЫЫ1. START UPЫ2. BID M d}ENU OPTIONSЫ3. PLAY MENU OPTIONSЫ4. MAKEUP MENU OPTIONSЫ5. PLAYING SUGGESTIONSЫ Bidding SynopsisЫ6. DESIGNERS NOTE e}SЫ AcknowledgementsЫЫDisk TwoЫЫ BRIDGE FUNDAMENTALSЫ DefinitionsЫ Bidding in BridgeЫ Open Bid/ f}Point CountЫ ResponsesЫ Opener's RebidЫ 2nd Resp./Later BidsЫ 1-2 No Trump BidsЫ No g}Trump disk handsЫ Pre-emptive BidsЫ Gambling 3 No TrumpЫ Gambling disk handsЫ Roman 2 Diamo h}ndsЫ Roman disk handsЫ Two ClubsЫ Two Clubs disk handsЫ Slam BiddingЫ Defensive B i}iddingЫ Takeout DoublesЫ Michaels Cue BidЫ Michaels disk handsЫ Basic Hand PlayЫ j}Defensive PlayЫ Playing TacticsЫ Trump Suit PlayЫ No Trump PlayЫЫЫ1. START UPЫЫ USING BLUE TEAM BRIDGE k} ЫPlayers new to bridge should first turn to the section on disk two titled BRIDGE FUNDAMENTALS. More experienced players are l} also encouraged to review the sections on disk two about BIDDING IN BRIDGE as it's done by Blue Team Bridge (BT).ЫЫ LOADING m} BLUE TEAM BRIDGEЫRemove any cartridge from the computer. Turn on the TV or monitor and disk drive, then put the disk with th n}e label up in the drive. Turn on the computer (hold down the OPTION key while turning on XL and XE computers). The title scre o}en soon appears, and when you're ready to play press START to bid hands, SELECT to play hands already bid, or OPTION to make p}custom hands. The selected program will then load. While waiting, plug a joystick into port 1. All selections or commands are q} performed with the joystick or the console keys START, SELECT and OPTION.ЫЫЫ2. BID MENU OPTIONSЫЫAfter the bid program has r}loaded a menu is displayed. From this menu all options can be taken. AT ANY TIME WHEN ANY OF THE PROGRAMS ARE LOADED AND BT s}IS WAITING FOR INPUT, PRESSING THE START KEY RECALLS THAT PROGRAM'S MENU. The current activity is cancelled.ЫMenu selections t}are made by moving the joystick up or down until the flashing arrow points to the desired selection, and then pressing the tr u}igger.ЫЫ BID A NEW HANDЫThis selection is made to bid a new hand of bridge. The bid screen appears and at the top are shown v}the Dealer of the hand and which pair is Vulnerable. In BT both of these are random. Below the dashed line are the players no w}ted as W N E S in a horizontal line. You are always South. Below this is space to indicate the bidding as it takes place. The x}n follows the bidding line on which you select bids. At the bottom of the screen is your hand, with Clubs and Diamonds revers y}ed from their actual rank for clarity.ЫThe computer shuffles the deck and deals the cards. The dealer begins the bidding. Whe z}n it is a players turn to bid, the player's position (W N E S) is displayed in the inverse. When it is your turn to bid, the {}P in PASS on the bidding line flashes. To Pass, press the trigger once, and the P remains inverse. After the sound, press the |} trigger again and PASS will be placed under 'S', your position. To Double, if appropriate, move the joystick left until the }}D in DBLE flashes and press the trigger the same as in Pass. To make a contract bid, move the joystick right to the bid level ~} desired and press the trigger. The number remains inverse. Then move the joystick until the suit desired is flashing, and pr }ess the trigger, and the suit remains inverse. After the sound, press the trigger again and the bid will be placed under 'S'. А} Inadequate bids are not accepted by the computer. To cancel a bid, move the joystick up or down before pressing the trigger. Б} This will also cancel just the bid level if only that was selected.ЫAn alert is sounded after some bids. This warns players В}to expect special responses or bid them as the situation warrants. These alerts do not necessarily follow rules found in tour Г}nament bridge. See BIDDING SYNOPSIS for alerted bids.ЫBidding proceeds until 3 players in a row Pass after a contract bid, or Д} all 4 players Pass on the first round. Three options will be displayed. These options are also available as BID MENU OPTIONS Е} and are described more fully therein. Position the arrow with the joystick.ЫЫ DISPLAY HAND - exposes all four hands on the Ж}screen. Press the trigger after looking at the hands to return to the menu.ЫЫ SAVE HAND - allows you to save the hand for fu З}ture play.ЫЫ PLAY HAND - loads and runs the play program.ЫЫ BID A SAVED HANDЫThis option allows a hand that was previously И}saved to be rebid. Selecting a hand to be rebid is the same as saving a hand (see SAVE LAST HAND). The hand is loaded and pla Й}y proceeds as in BID A NEW HAND.ЫЫ REBID LAST HANDЫThe hand currently in memory may be redealt by using this option. Play pr К}oceeds as in BID A NEW HAND.ЫЫ DISPLAY LAST HANDЫBefore another hand is dealt, selecting this option displays all the hands Л}of the preceeding deal. At the top of the screen are displayed the Declarer, Contract, Doubled or Redoubled, if any. Press th М}e trigger or the START key to return to the menu.ЫЫ SAVE LAST HANDЫMake this selection to save the last dealt hand. Up to 10 Н} hands on a disk can be saved, numbered from 0 to 9. The display shows which numbered hands are already saved on the disk. Se О}lect a number for the hand by moving the joystick right or left and pressing the trigger when the desired number is flashing. П} The hand will then be saved. Saving a hand using the same number as a hand previously saved erases the old hand. After savin Р}g a hand the program returns to the menu.ЫЫ PLAY HANDSЫSelect this to load and run the play program. In order to play hands, С} there must be a contract bid for the hand.ЫЫ MAKE UP HANDSЫThis option will load and run the program for entering and savin Т}g hands of your own design.ЫЫ CURRENT PLAYER=X (CHANGE)ЫUp to 4 players can have their cumulative scores filed on a disk. Th У}e players are numbered from 1 to 4. When BT is first loaded the current player is always No.1. When this option is selected t Ф}he display will indicate which player is current. Move the joystick up or down and the current player is changed and indicate Х}d on the screen. Press the START key to return to the menu.ЫЫ PRACTICE CONVENTIONSЫThe convention menu is displayed. Each co Ц}nvention has 2 pre-made hands. The first hand will have South making the opening bid. The second hand has North opening the b Ч}idding and South responding. Make the desired selection by moving the joystick up or down and pressing the trigger when the a Ш}rrow is next to the practice hand you want. Action proceeds as in BID A NEW HAND. For instructions on these special bids, ref Щ}er to the the appropriate convention listed in the Table of Contents.ЫThe suggested method to get the most out of the practic Ъ}e hands is to bid and play out the hands after first studying the convention. Then refer to the analysis of the two hands fou Ы}nd at the end of each convention chapter to see if your bidding was correct.ЫЫЫ3. PLAY MENU OPTIONSЫЫSimilar to the Bid prog Ь}ram, the Play program offers options via a menu. Also, pressing the START key will cancel the current activity and recall the Э} menu.ЫЫ PLAY LAST HANDЫSelect this option to play the last bid hand or to replay a hand (the hand currently in memory). A c Ю}ontract bid must have been made to play a hand.ЫЫ PLAY SAVED HANDЫThis option is selected to play a hand saved on disk. When Я} selected, the display will indicate all hand files currently saved to disk. Select hands as per the SAVE LAST HAND option on а} the Bid menu.ЫЫ DISPLAY LAST HANDЫThis will display the entire hand currently in memory. Press the trigger or the START key б} to return to the menu.ЫЫ PLAYER OVERALL SCORESЫDisplays the cumulative scores and other facts and figures of all active pla в}yers.ЫЫ CURRENT PLAYER=X(CHANGE)ЫSelect this item to change the current player so that subsequent scores will be added to th г}e desired player file. Up to 4 player files may be on a disk.ЫЫ KILL HAND FILESЫA player may delete all hands saved on a dis д}k. The computer will verify this order before killing the files.ЫЫ BID HANDSЫSelect this to load and run the Bid program.ЫЫ е} MAKE UP HANDSЫSelect this option to load and run the program to form hands of your own design.ЫЫЫPLAYING A HANDЫЫThe player ж}always controls the South hand, as well as the North hand when N-S have the contract. The South hand will be displayed initia з}lly. The upper part of the screen indicates the relative positions of the hands, the contract and whether Doubled or Redouble и}d, which side is vulnerable and the number of tricks taken by each side. Press the trigger to proceed with play of the hand. й}Move the stick in any direction to review the bidding.ЫThe hand to the left of the Declarer makes the opening lead. When Sout к}h is Dummy, the North hand is shown immediately. Otherwise the Dummy is displayed after the opening lead.ЫTo select a card fo л}r play, move the player symbol left or right until its above the desired card and press the trigger. The card will be display м}ed towards the middle of the screen. Once a card is selected it cannot be changed. Reneges (not following suit if possible) a н}re not allowed by BT.ЫAfter all four hands have played a card, the computer determines who won the trick. The winner gets to о}lead on the next trick. The winning pair (N-S, E-W) is also credited for the trick, shown at the upper right of the screen. P п}ress the trigger to continue.ЫPlay continues until all cards have been played. After the last trick has been played, press th ░}e trigger to display the hand score. To add the score to the current player's cumulative score, press the trigger. Press STAR ▒}T to bypass this and recall the menu.ЫЫЫ4. MAKE UP MENU OPTIONSЫЫSelect menu options and recall the menu in the same manner ▓}as for the BID and PLAY menus.Ы Ы MAKE A HANDЫSelect this item to proceed with creating a hand.ЫЫ KILL HAND FILESЫAll curr │}ently saved hands may be deleted from the disk. The computer verifies this request before deleting the files.ЫЫ PLAY BRIDGEЫ ┤}This option will load and run the Bid program.ЫЫ MAKING A HANDЫHands are made by selecting cards for the South, East and Nor ╡}th hands, with the West hand made from the remaining cards. All four hands are then displayed for a final review. After this ╢}the hand can then be saved to disk. Up to ten hands can be saved on a disk.ЫBegin by making the South hand. Cards are selecte ╖}d from each suit, with the Clubs and Diamonds reversed from their actual rank for clarity. Spades are selected first. To sele ╕}ct a card move the joystick left or right until the player symbol is above the desired card, then press the trigger. The play ╣}er symbol will appear below the card. To deselect a card, move the symbol over the previously selected card and press the tri ║}gger. The symbol below the card will disapppear.ЫWhen all cards needed from a suit have been selected, move the joystick down ╗}. The selected cards will appear in the upper part of the screen. The next suit is displayed and the process continues until ╝}13 cards are selected. The current hand may be redone by moving the joystick up. The current entire deal will be scrubbed by ╜}pressing the START key to recall the menu.ЫAfter the South, East and North hands have been selected, all 4 hands will be disp ╛}layed. Below will be shown which player will deal the hand. Move the joystick left or right to select the desired dealer, and ┐} press the trigger. Finally, assign vulnerability in the same manner. The hand can then be saved by selecting a file # for it └}. Selecting a hand file # currently in use will delete the hand previously saved using that number. The menu is displayed aft ┴}er the hand has been saved.ЫЫЫ5. SUGGESTIONS FOR PLAYЫЫA lot of time can be gained by using the SAVE HAND options. Rather th ┬}an bid and play each hand individually, constantly loading the programs, bid a hand and then save it. After several hands hav ├}e been saved (up to 10), run the Play program. The hands can then be played out, making use to the bid review feature to reca ─}ll the bidding that took place on a hand.ЫCompetition among 2 or more players can be done several ways. Assign each player a ┼}player number (1-4). Player 1 bids and saves a new hand as hand #0. Player 2 then bids the hand using the REBID LAST HAND opt ╞}ion, saving it as Hand #1, and so on until the desired number of hands have been bid. Then select the PLAY HANDS option to pl ╟}ay out the hands, being careful that each player selects for play only those hands they bid, and that the Current Player # is ╚} adjusted to add the hand score to the proper player file.ЫЫBIDDING SYNOPSISЫЫOPENING BIDSЫЫOne of a suitЫ12-22 Total Points ╔}(TP)ЫMajor suits opened only with 5 or more cardsЫЫOne No Trump (ALERT)Ы15-18 High Card Points (HCP)ЫЫ2 Clubs (ALERT)Ы22+ TP ╩}with at least 19+ HCPЫЫ2 Diamonds (ALERT)ЫRoman 2 Diamonds, 16-21 HCP, 3-suiterЫЫ2 Hearts-Spades, 3 Clubs-Diamonds (ALERT)ЫPr ╦}eemptive 8-12 TP, 6 card or longer suitЫЫ2 No Trump (ALERT)Ы22-24 HCPЫЫ3 No Trump (ALERT)ЫGambling 3NT, Preemptive, solid min ╠}orЫЫ4 Hearts-Spades, 5 Clubs-Diamonds (ALERT)ЫPreemptive, up to 15 TPЫЫINITIAL DEFENSIVE BIDSЫЫImmediate Suit OvercallsЫ10-14 ═} minimum TPЫЫDelayed Suit OvercallsЫ9-12 minimum TPЫЫWeak Jump Overcalls (ALERT)Ы8-12 minimum TP, PreemptiveЫЫOne No Trump (A ╬}LERT)Ы16-18 HCP, all suits stoppedЫЫ2 No Trump (ALERT)Ы22-24 HCPЫЫTakeout Doubles (ALERT)Ы13 TP minimum, good support or suit ╧}ЫЫMichaels Cue Bid (ALERT)Ы10 TP minimum, 2-suiter, not used when VulnerableЫЫOTHER CONVENTIONS USEDЫЫBlackwood, Jacoby Trans ╨}fers, Forcing StaymanЫЫЫ6. DESIGNER'S NOTESЫЫBlue Team Bridge was going to be one program that would bid and play bridge. Ab ╤}out half-way through I realized this was impossible if it was going to bid and play a good game of bridge. Bidding systems ar ╥}e like languages, with many subtleties. Developing a good program to play the hands proved to be even more difficult than the ╙} bidding, since it is such a dynamic process.ЫЫI wanted more bidding capabilities than could fit in the design, such as cue-b ╘}idding controls, invitation-to slam bids and grand slam force. Playing could be more optimal with a trick-claiming option, ec ╒}hoes, and generally more capability to compare the relative strengths of suits.ЫЫBlue Team Bridge is very good at keeping cou ╓}nt and knowing the exact status of the cards. It won't forget that there's still a trump out. It's unforgiving if a player ma ╫}kes a bid it doesn't understand, with the text outlining bidding as BT handles it. It's a good-to-very good bidder and a fair ╪}-to-good hand player. Gross errors are rare, while more subtle inconsistencies are infrequent. It's better than a lot of part ┘}ners I've had.ЫЫACKNOWLEDGEMENTSЫЫProduced using copyrighted software products of Monarch Data Systems, Cochituate, MA 01778Ы }. In descending order the suits are ranked spades, hearts, diamonds and clubs. Bids in bridge are made in suits and also in N █}o Trump. No Trump as a bid ranks higher than any suit bid.ЫBridge is a partnership game. By convention players are identified ▄} by points of the compass. North and South are partners, as are East and West. In Blue Team Bridge (henceforth BT) you always ▌} play South, with the computer playing North as your partner, East and West as your opponents.ЫIn a hand of bridge, the cards ▐} are shuffled and dealt so that each player has 13 cards. The dealer is chosen randomly in BT, and always bids first, with th ▀}e bid rotating clockwise among the players. A bid to play a hand always has 2 components; the level of the bid and the suit ( р}or No Trump) that will be trump. No Trump indicates that no suit will be trump. The bid levels range from 1 to 7, and any bid с} to play promises to take 6 tricks (Book) in addition to the bid level indicated. A bid of '1 Spade' promises to take 7 trick т}s with spades as trumps. A bid of '3 No Trump' promises to take 9 tricks with no suit trump. A player cannot bid a lower rank у}ing suit at the same level of the current high bid. Thus if one player has bid '1 Heart', a subsequent player cannot bid '1 C ф}lub' or '1 Diamond'. If either suit was to be bid, it would have to be done at least at the level of 2(2 Clubs or 2 Diamonds) х}. A bid in No Trump forces any subsequent bid to be at least one bid level higher. The lowest possible bid is 1 Club, while t ц}he highest is 7 No Trump.ЫA player who does not want to bid may on their turn Pass. A player who Passes may bid on a later tu ч}rn, if any. If the opponents,currently have the high bid, a player may on their turn Double. Doubling a contract doubles the ш}penalties if the contract fails, and also doubles the points scored if the contract is successful. A player who's partnership щ} has been doubled may on his turn Redouble, which multiplies all penalty and contract points by 4. Any subsequent bid to cont ъ}ract for the hand cancels any previous Double or Redouble.ЫThe bidding continues until 3 players in a row Pass. The Declarer ы}of a contract is the member of the bid-winning pair who bid the trump suit (or No Trump) first. Should all four players pass ь}on the first turn, the hand is Passed Out without penalty, and is not played.ЫAfter a contract has been set, the hand is play э}ed out. The player to the left of the declarer leads the first card, which may be any card in his hand. Declarer's partner th ю}en exposes his entire hand, which is known as the Dummy. The Declarer plays this hand as well as his own. Play follows in clo я}ckwise rotation with the Declarer playing a card from Dummy. Players must follow suit if possible, otherwise they may play an Ё}y card. The player to the right of Declarer then plays a card, followed by the Declarer. The hand playing the highest card wi ё}ns, which in No Trump will always be the highest card of the led suit, while in suit contracts the highest trump card played, Є} if any, would prevail over the highest of the led suit.ЫEach group of 4 cards, one from each player such as just outlined, i є}s known as a trick. The hand winning the trick then leads another card, and play continues in the same manner until all of th Ї}e cards have been played. Each pair then counts the tricks they have taken to determine if the contract was made.ЫЫSCORINGЫTh ї}e object of bridge is to score points, and one method is the successful completion of a contract. In scoring the first 6 tric Ў}ks (Book) are ignored. Each trick over Book is worth 30 points with Spades or Hearts(major suits) trump, and 20 points with C ў}lubs or Diamonds(minor suits) trump. In No Trump the first trick over Book is worth 40 points, each subsequent trick 30 point °}s.ЫBonus scoring in BT is the same as in duplicate or tournament bridge. Game bonuses are scored only when game has been bid ∙}and made. To make a game at least 100 points of tricks must be bid and won. The minimum game bids are 3 No Trump, 4 Hearts or ·} 4 Spades, 5 Clubs or 5 Diamonds. Doubling and Redoubling contracts, by increasing the points per trick, lower the bid level √} needed to make game. A 2 level bid in a major Doubled will count as a game if the contract succeeds. A 2 level bid in a mino №}r Doubled and Redoubled will also count as a game if the contract is made.ЫSlam bonuses are awarded only when contracts at th ¤}e level of 6 or 7 are bid and made. There are Small Slams (taking 12 tricks) and Grand Slams (taking all 13 tricks).ЫA partia ■}l bonus of 50 points is awarded for any contract that is made short of game.ЫVulnerability in contract bridge depends on whet  }her a pair has previously scored a game in a rubber (a 2 out 3 match). If they have, they're vulnerable, otherwise they are n }ot. Similar to tournament bridge, in BT vulnerability is a random factor. Vulnerability affects the scoring both in bonuses a }nd penalties. Players should always be aware of their side's vulnerability.ЫЫ SCORING EXAMPLESЫBID MADE PTS. ADDNL. }TOT.PTS.Ы3H 4 120 50 170Ы2S 2 60 50 110Ы4S 4 120 300(500) 420 (620)Ы2C 2 40 50 } 90Ы5C 5 100 300(500) 400 (600)Ы3NT 3 100 300(500) 400 (600)Ы6H 6 180 300(500) 980(1430)Ы7NT 7 220 }300(500) 1520(2220)Ы()Indicates the points awarded when the pair is vulnerable.ЫЫOVERTRICKS AND DEFEATED CONTRACTSЫAs can be }seen from the first example of 3 Hearts, making 4 (contracting to make 9 tricks and taking 10), overtricks without penalty bi }ds are counted normally. Making 4 hearts did not acheive game bonus, however, since it was not bid.ЫIf a contract is defeated }, the opposing pair receive 50 points for each trick under the required amount when the contract pair are not Vulnerable and }100 points for each undertrick when the contracted pair are Vulnerable.ЫЫPENALTY BIDS AND PENALTY SCORINGЫAs previously noted }, players may in some circumstances in the course of bidding Double or Redouble. Should a contract be played with a penalty b }id in effect, the point values for tricks, overtricks and undertricks are increased. The point values for tricks in a success }ful contract are multiplied by 2 when Doubled, multiplied by 4 when Redoubled. In addition, a contract made under penalty ear }ns a bonus of 50 points. If the trick score in a contract made under penalty is 100 or more points, game bonuses are also giv }en. For example, a 2 Spade contract Doubled is in effect a game contract, as is a 2 Diamond contract Redoubled. Overtricks wh }en not Vulnerable receive 100 points each when Doubled, 200 Redoubled. When Vulnerable, overtricks net 200 points Doubled and } 400 points Redoubled.ЫIf a contract under penalty is defeated, the opposing pair receive increased points. A 2 Spade contrac }t Doubled and down 2 (making 2 less than necessary) will net the opponents 100 points for the first undertrick when the contr }act pair is not Vulnerable, or 200 points Vulnerable. The second (and every additional) undertrick is worth 200 points when n }ot Vulnerable, 300 points Vulnerable. The total points awarded would then be 300 when the contract pair is not Vulnerable, 50 }0 points if Vulnerable. If the contract was Redoubled and defeated as before, the values increase to 200 and 400 for a total }of 600 when not Vulnerable, and 400 and 600 for a total of 1000 when Vulnerable. Doubling and Redoubling can drastically effe }ct scoring in both directions, so penalty bids should be made with great care.ЫЫЫDEFINITIONSЫЫCONVENTION-an understanding bet }ween a partnership regarding the use of a bid or series of bids.ЫЫDISTRIBUTION-the way a hand is divided among the suits. A 4 }-4-3-2 distribution indicates two-4 card suits, one 3 card and one 2 card suit.ЫЫDEFENSIVE TRICKS-are those tricks that are l }ikely to be won by a hand no matter what the contract is. An ace is a defensive trick, a guarded king is 1/2 defensive trick. } An AK or AQ are considered 2 or 1-1/2 defensive tricks, respectively, provided that against suit contracts the suit is not m }ore than 6 cards long, in which case only the ace is counted as a trick.ЫЫSTOPPER-a card that in the course of playing the ha }nd would normally take a trick. An ace is always a stopper, as is a king led suit of 2 or more, or a queen guarded by at leas }t 2 other cards. A four card suit is also considered a stopped suit in BT.ЫЫPREEMPTIVE-refers to bids of more than one in the } majors or more than 2 in the minors. By bidding a long suit at a higher level with a defensively weak hand, the bidder attem }pts to shut out or at least disrupt the opponents' bidding.ЫЫARTIFICIAL BID-a bid designed to show a specific type of hand, o }r requests partner to do so, rather than indicate a playable suit.ЫЫALERT-bids that because of their non-standard or artifici }al nature must be alerted to the opposing team.ЫЫRULE OF 2 AND 3-in preemptive bids, the hand should be within 3 tricks of ma !}king the contract if not Vulnerable, or 2 tricks if Vulnerable.ЫЫBLACKWOOD-a slam convention used to locate aces and kings. I "}n BT it is used only to locate aces.ЫЫGAMBLING 3 NO TRUMP-a convention used by BT. The 'Gambling' implies a certain risk to t #}he bid.ЫЫ BridgeЫby Walt HuberЫЫThis documentation may not be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or telecommunicate JACOBY TRANSFERS-a convention used in response to 1NT or 2NT that requests the opener to bid the suit immediately above the s%}uit just bid.ЫЫMICHAELS CUE BID-a defensive bid of the opponents' last bid suit, showing a 2-suited hand and requests partner&} to bid.ЫЫROMAN 2 DIAMONDS-native to the Italian Roman system, shows a strong 3-suited hand.ЫЫWEAK JUMP OVERCALL-similar to a'} preemptive opening bid, except that the opponents have already opened the bidding.ЫЫFIT of the pairs' hands can refer to the(} overall combination of all the suits in both hands. A bad fit is typically one hand that has length and strength in suits th)}at partner's hand is weak in. A good fit generally has the strength of both hands in the same suits. Fit also describes how w*}ell an individual suit matches between the hands.ЫЫHONORS are the top 5 cards of a suit (AKQJ10). In BT any reference to hono+}rs mean the top 4 honors (AKQJ).ЫЫBIDDABLE SUIT in BT is any 5 card or longer suit, or any 4 card suit headed by the jack or ,}better. In BT opening bids are not made with 4 card majors.ЫЫREBIDDABLE SUIT is any 5 card suit headed by at least 2 of the t-}op 4 honors, or any 6 card or longer suit.ЫЫFORCING-a bid that requires partner to bid unless the next opponent bids.ЫЫSEMI-F.}ORCING bids strongly request partner to bid with any values beyond the minimum already promised by his last bid.ЫЫTEMPORIZE-b/}ids that are made with 3 card minors or 4 card minor suits not normally considered biddable. A waiting bid to show additional0} strength on the next bid in support of partner's suit.ЫЫЫBIDDING IN BRIDGEЫЫBT uses the Standard American bidding system wit1}h added conventions that result in an improved system.ЫЫ ABBREVIATIONS USEDЫЫS=Spades HCP=High Card PointsЫH=Hearts DI2}S=Distribution PointsЫD=Diamonds TP=Total PointsЫC=Clubs NT=No TrumpЫЫTHE POINT COUNTЫЫIn order to determine if a hand is 3}worth bidding, a logical method should be employed in arriving at its' value. Assigning points to the top 4 honors (AKQJ) and4} distribution points are added together for the total points, and by agreed to rules it can be decided if the hand can open t5}he bidding, respond to an opening bid or overcall competitively. It is important that partners use the same method in assigni6}ng values to a hand and the same bidding system.ЫЫCard Points Dist. PointsЫAce 4 Void 3ЫKing 3 7} Singleton 2ЫQueen 2 Doubleton 1ЫJack 1ЫЫDo not count HCP for a singleton king, a doubleton queen, or a j8}ack with less than 3 other cards unless part of a 3 card suit led by another honor. Aces can always be counted in a short sui9}t, and DIS, if any, can be increased by one if the ace is present. A suit consisting of a singleton ace has 4 HCP and 3 DIS.Ы:}ЫEXAMPLESЫS A J 10 4 5 pts S K 7 6 3 ptsЫH Q 4 3 2 pts H A Q J 10 7 6 7 ptsЫD 9 8 4 2 0 pts D ;}J 2 ptsЫC A 8 6 pts C 8 5 3 0 ptsЫЫTotal 13 pts Total 12 ptsЫЫThe two examp<}les are also typical of what are considered minimum opening hands.ЫЫOPENING BIDS OF ONE IN A SUIT 12-22 TP RANGEЫЫRULE 1 - =}open any hand that has 13 or more TP.ЫЫRULE 2 - open any hand that has 12 TP and a 6 card major headed by honors totalling at>} least 6HC.ЫЫRULE 3 - hands with a 5 card suit and one or two 4 card suits should be opened with the 5 card suit.ЫЫRULE 4 - h?}ands with two 5 card or two 6 card suits should be opened with the higher ranking suit.ЫЫRULE 5 - hands with 7 card or longer@} suits should always be opened with the long suit.ЫЫRULE 6 - hands with a 6 card and a 5 card suit should be opened with the A}6 card suit if it is higher ranked or the hand has more than 15 TP; otherwise open the 5 card suit.ЫЫRULE 7 - hands with a 6 B}card and a 4 card suit should be opened with the 6 card suit.ЫЫRULE 8 - hands with three 4 card suits should be opened with tC}he highest ranked 4 card minor.ЫЫRULE 9 - hands with two 4 card suits, one or both of them a minor, should be opened with theD} highest ranked 4 card minor.ЫЫRULE 10 - hands with one 4 card suit should be opened with the 4 card suit if it is a minor.ЫЫE}RULE 11 - hands with one or two 4 card majors should be opened with the strongest minor suit.ЫЫONE NO TRUMP 15-18 HCPЫЫRULE F}12 -hands with 15-18 HCP, no 5 card major, stoppers in 3 or 4 suits, and not more than one doubleton, open with 1 NT.ЫЫTWO DIG}AMONDS (ROMAN)* ARTIFICIAL BID 16-21 HCPЫЫRULE 13 - hands with 5-4-4-0 or 4-4-4-1 distribution and 16-21 HC should be openeH}d 2 Diamonds.ЫЫTWO NO TRUMP 22-24 HCPЫЫRULE 14 - hands with 22-24 HCP, not more than one doubleton and stoppers in all suitsI} should be opened 2 NT.ЫЫTWO CLUBS - ARTIFICIAL BID 22+TPЫЫRULE 15 - strong hands where 2 Diamonds or 2 NT are not appropriJ}ate,and where there is at least 19 HCP should be opened 2 Clubs.ЫЫTWO HEARTS OR SPADES ANDЫTHREE CLUBS OR DIAMONDS - PREEMPTIK}VE 8-12 TPЫЫRULE 16 - hands with a 6 card or longer suit and at least 3 of the top 5 cards (AKQJ10), and not more than 12 TPL} should be opened with 2 of the major or 3 of the minor long suit.ЫЫTHREE NO TRUMP (GAMBLING)* -SOLID MINOR SUITЫЫRULE 17 - hM}ands with a 6 card minor headed by AKQJ, or with a 7 card or longer minor headed by AKQ, and not more than an outside king shN}ould be opened 3 NT.ЫЫFOUR SPADES OR HEARTS ANDЫFIVE CLUBS OR DIAMONDS - PREEMPTIVE - NOT MORE THAN 15 TPЫЫRULE 18 - hands thO}at have a solid or semi-solid suit of at least 7 cards, not more than 2 1/2 defensive tricks and meet the requirements of theP} Rule of 2 and 3 should be opened 4 of the major or 5 of the minor long suit.ЫЫ* indicates an ALERT bid.ЫЫWHICH BID DO YOU MAQ}KE?ЫЫSometimes an opening hand fits into more than one category in terms of Point Count and distribution. This also usually mR}eans a choice between bidding one of a suit and one that more clearly identifies the type and strength of the hand.ЫЫRULE 19 S}- when there is a choice in opening bids, select the bid that is most descrptive.ЫЫS A 10 7 S A K J 9 8ЫH Q J 2 T} H A Q 5 4ЫD K Q 9 6 D VOIDЫC A 8 3 C K Q 7 2Ы (a) (b)ЫЫHand (a) could be bid per RULE 10 (1U} diam.). But it also meets the requirements for bidding 1NT, which is the correct bid.ЫHand (b) could be bid per RULE 3 (1 SpV}ade). It also meets the basic requirements of RULE 13. Bid 2 diamonds.ЫЫEXAMPLES - The correct bid and appropriate RULE to juW}stify the bid selected is indicated below each hand. Unless RULE 2 is noted, all hands are assumed to meet RULE 1.ЫЫS A J 10X} 4 S K 7 6ЫH Q 4 3 H A Q J 10 7 6ЫD 9 8 4 2 D JЫC A 8 C 9 8 6Ы 1 DIAMOND Y} 1 HEARTЫ RULE 9 RULES 2,7ЫЫS A Q S VOIDЫH K Q 9 7 H K J 8 7 6ЫD A K J Z} D Q 4ЫC A J 5 2 C A Q 7 4 3 2Ы 2 NO TRUMP 1 HEARTЫ RULE 14 RULE 6ЫЫS 9 7 3 2 [} S 8 7ЫH A K 5 H K Q J 4ЫD Q J 7 D K 8ЫC K Q J C A J 10 7 5Ы 1 NO TRUMP \} 1 CLUBЫ RULE 12 RULE 3ЫЫS VOID S Q J 9 4ЫH VOID H 9ЫD J 10 9 8 7 6 5 D A Q J ]}5ЫC A Q 8 4 3 2 C A K J 5Ы 1 DIAMOND 2 DIAMONDSЫ RULE 5 RULE 13ЫЫS A 8 7 4 S Q J^} 10 7 5ЫH K Q 9 5 H K 4ЫD 7 D A K 8 3 2ЫC Q 7 5 4 C 10Ы 1 CLUB 1 SPADEЫ_} RULE 8 RULE 4ЫЫS Q 5 2 S Q 6 2ЫH 9 H J 10 7ЫD A K Q 9 8 5 3 D A K 5 3ЫC 6`} 3 C A 9 2Ы 3 NO TRUMP 1 DIAMONDЫ RULE 17 RULE 10ЫЫS A 4 2 S J 10 9 7 5 4a}ЫH K 7 5 2 H VOIDЫD A Q 3 D K 8 2ЫC 9 8 6 C A K Q 5 3 2Ы 1 DIAMOND 1 SPADEЫ b} RULE 11 RULE 4ЫЫADJUSTING THE POINT COUNTЫЫPreviously it was shown how to count the high card and distribution c}points in your hand. After bidding has taken place, the values assigned can be adjusted to a degreee.ЫЫWHEN PARTNER HAS BID Ad} NATURAL SUITЫЫIf you have trump support and plan to play in his suit-Ы1-if the suit has 4 cards, add one point.Ы2-if the sue}it has 5 or more cards, add 2 points for each trump past the 4th card.Ы3-count 5 points for a void.Ы4-count 3 points for a sif}ngleton.ЫЫWhen you lack trump support and no other fit is found, subtract any DIS the hand has in partner's suit.ЫWhen you plg}an to bid in No Trump or another suit, unguarded honors (Qx,Jx,etc..) in partner's suit(s) may be counted their high card valq}├э?                                                            B%DOS SYSB-)AUTORUN SYSB VFONT SETB{_DOC 000А┬$DOC 001А┐фDOC 002CдDOC 003АгDOC 003А еTEMP ue.ЫЫConsideration should be given to the overall fit of the hand when adjusting the point count. When the hands don't seem tr}o match avoid going overboard in squeezing extra points out of your hand.ЫRESPONSESЫЫYour partner has opened the bidding, ands} any bid you make is a 'response'. As a responder you have more information than the opening bidder. Based on the type of opet}ning bid, the responder can make an initial appraisal of the combined strength of both hands. This first approximation will lu}ikely be revised as subsequent bidding takes place, but is the basis for the first response.Except for responding to Preemptiv}ve opening bids, it takes fewer points to respond to an opening bid.ЫIt is important to know the combined Total Points requirw}ed to make a game or slam.ЫЫGame in No Trump 26 HCPЫGame in a major suit 26 TPЫGame in a minor suit 29 TPЫSmall Slam (x}NT) 33 HCPЫSmall Slam (suits) 33 TPЫGrand Slam (NT) 37 HCPЫGrand Slam (suits) 37 TPЫЫThese are 'rules of thy}umb'. Sometimes game or slam can be made with less strength, while sometimes it takes more. It really depends on the overall z}distribution of the cards and how well the hands 'fit'. The point counts indicated are based on the expectation of the more l{}ikely distributional situations and reasonably good fitting hands.ЫЫTRUMP SUPPORT - MAJOR SUITSЫЫ-any four cards or three car|}ds headed by an ace or face card.Ы-any three cards if the hand cannot properly make another bid.ЫTRUMP SUPPORT - MINOR SUITSЫ}}-four or more cards.ЫЫRESPONDING TO OPENING BIDS OF ONE IN A SUITЫЫ()indicates the min. pts. needed if you previously passed.~}ЫЫ0-5 TPЫЫRULE 1R - Pass with less than 6 TP.ЫЫSTRONG HANDSЫЫ11-14 TP JUMP TO GAME IN PARTNER'S SUITЫЫRULE 2R - Major Suits }- with not more than 9 HCP, five or more trump, bid game in partner's suit.ЫЫ- Minor suits - same requirments, but hand shoulА}d be even more distributional in nature. Raise to 4 with 11-12 TP, 5 with 13-14 TP.ЫЫ(12)13-16 TP DOUBLE RAISE OF PARTNER'S Б}SUITЫЫRULE 3R - with four or more trump, raise the suit two levels (e.g.,1 Spade-3 Spades). This sort of hand has more HCP thВ}an that of RULE 2R.ЫЫ(12)13-15 HCP RAISE TO TWO NO TRUMPЫЫRULE 4R - with at least two cards of the bid suit, no singletons oГ}r voids, stoppers in all the unbid suits, no 5 card major, bid 2 No Trump. Count only HCP when bidding No Trump.ЫЫ16-17 HCP Д}RAISE TO THREE NO TRUMPЫЫRULE 5R - meeting all the requirements of RULE 4R, raise to 3 No Trump with 16-17 HCP.Ы19+ TP JUMPЕ} SHIFT IN A NEW SUITЫЫRULE 6R - bid a suit according to the rules for an opening bid with this point count. Bid the suit at aЖ} level one higher than necessary (e.g.,1 Club-2 Hearts, 1 Spade-3 Diamonds).ЫЫ10-12 TP JUMP TO GAME IN A NEW SUITЫЫRULE 7R -З} with an 8 card or longer suit, 3 of the top 4 cards and no high card strength in other suits, and less than 4 card trump supИ}port (major suits only), bid game in the long suit.ЫЫMAKE THE CHEAPEST BID USING THE FOLLOWING RULES.ЫЫINTERMEDIATE HANDSЫЫ10Й}-18 TP Hands in the 13-18 TP range fit in this category when not meeting the requirements for bids under STRONG HANDS.ЫЫRULEК} 8R - with trump support, do not bid trump when applying RULES 9R-11R.ЫЫRULE 9R - with suits of unequal length, bid the longeЛ}st suit.ЫЫRULE 10R - with two suits of 5 cards or more and equal in length, bid the highest ranked suit.ЫЫRULE 11R - with oneМ} or more 4 card suits, make the cheapest bid you can make in a 4 card suit.ЫЫRULE 12R - if you have trump support, bid the haН}nd's best minor suit (may be only a 3 card suit) if no other bid is available. This is known as 'Temporizing'.ЫЫWEAK HANDSЫЫ6О}-9 TP AFTER A MAJOR SUIT OPENINGЫЫRULE 13R - with trump support, give partner's suit a single raise. This is preferred to RUП}LES 14R-16R that follow.ЫЫRULE 14R - with 9 TP and two 5 card or longer suits, apply rules 11R and 12R.ЫЫRULE 15R - with a 6 Р}card or longer suit and 9 TP, bid the long suit.ЫЫRULE 16R - if partner bid 1 Heart, with 8-9 TP and a 5 card Spade suit headС}ed by an ace or face card, bid 1 Spade.ЫЫ6-9 TP AFTER A MINOR SUIT OPENINGЫЫRULE 17R - with two higher ranking suits of 5 caТ}rds or longer and equal in length, bid the higher ranking suit.ЫЫRULE 18R - with 2 higher ranking suits of 5 cards or longer У}and unequal in length, bid the long suit if higher ranking than the shorter one; otherwise bid the shorter suit.ЫЫRULE 19R - Ф}with one 5 card or longer higher ranking suit, bid the long suit.ЫЫRULE 20R - with only higher ranking 4 card suits, bid theХ} lowest ranked of these that is headed by an ace or face card.ЫRULE 21R - without any of the above bids available and trump sЦ}upport, give partner a single raise.ЫЫ6-10 HCP ONE NO TRUMP RESPONSEЫЫRULE 22R - lacking trump support, no voids and preferaЧ}bly no singletons, 6-10 HCP, high card strength in at least two suits, and no suit that can be bid at the one level, bid 1 NoШ} Trump.ЫЫRULE 23R - with a weak hand and no proper bid available, pass.ЫЫWHAT IF THE OPPONENT BETWEEN US BIDS?ЫЫShould your rЩ}ight hand opponent overcall your partner, if you in turn make a response it is a 'free response', since you are not obligatedЪ} to bid after an overcall. To make a minimum free response (cheapest bid possible) at the one level or a single raise of partЫ}ner's suit requires a minimum of 8 TP. A bid of 1 No Trump also requires a stopper in the opponent's suit. A new suit bid at Ь}the two level must be headed by at least the queen. Temporizing bids as in RULE 12R shouldn't be made, and instead support paЭ}rtner's suit. Strong bids should be made as before. If you have length and strength in the opponent's suit it is frequently mЮ}ore profitable to Double.ЫЫEXAMPLE RESPONSESЫЫ Your partner has opened with 1 Club and you holdЫЫS 10 9 3 S A JЯ} 5ЫH A Q 7 4 H A Q 9ЫD 8 7 3 D K Q 10 3ЫC J 3 2 C 8 4 2Ы 1 HEART 3 NTЫ Rа}ULE 20R RULE 5RЫЫЫS Q J 8 S A Q J 10ЫH A J 5 H K Q 9 5ЫD 10 7 3 2 D J 10 9 7ЫCб} 9 4 3 C 6Ы 1 NT 1 DIAMONDЫ RULE 22R RULE 11RЫЫ Your partner has opened 1 diamonв}d and you holdЫЫS VOID S K 6 3 2ЫH 7 3 H 10 8ЫD Q J 8 7 5 4 2 D J 10ЫC A Q 3 2 C г} K 9 8 7 4Ы 5 DIAMONDS 1 SPADEЫ RULE 2R RULE 20RЫЫЫS A Q 7 S K 9 7 4 3ЫH K J 5 4 д} H Q 8 6 4 3 2ЫD 9 7 D 5 3ЫC K J 5 4 C QЫ 2 NT 1 SPADEЫ RULE 4R е}RULE 18RЫЫЫ Your partner has opened 1 Heart and you holdЫЫЫS 8 7 S K Q J 9 7ЫH Q 5 3 H 10 3ЫD ж}Q 9 4 D A Q J 6 5ЫC K 8 6 5 3 C AЫ 2 HEARTS 2 SPADESЫ RULE 13R RULE 6RЫЫЫS K з}J 5 3 2 S 9 7 5 2ЫH 7 6 H K 9 2ЫD Q 10 8 D K 7 5ЫC Q 7 4 C A J 5Ы 1 SPADE и} 2 CLUBSЫ RULE 16R RULES 8R,12RЫЫЫ Your partner has opened one spade and you holdЫЫЫS 10 8 й} S 8 2ЫH 10 5 4 H A J 10 5 3ЫD K Q J 8 7 D KЫC 8 4 2 C K Q 8 7 4Ы PASS к} 2 HEARTSЫ RULE 23R RULE 10RЫЫЫS 9 5 S J 10 5 4ЫH 7 4 H K 5ЫD K Q 10 8 7 6 D л} 9 8 5ЫC Q 5 2 C A Q 6Ы 2 DIAMONDS 2 CLUBSЫ RULE 15R RULES 8R,12RЫOPENER'S REBIDЫЫYou haм}ve opened the bidding with one of a suit and it is your turn to bid again. Your rebid is based on the strength of your hand, н}what action your partner has taken, and if the opponents have bid. If your left hand opponent bid, and partner has made a minо}imum bid, remember that this shows more strength (at least 8 TP).ЫЫREBIDS AFTER A MINIMUM RESPONSEЫЫ GUIDELINESЫЫYп}ou have Partner bid You shouldЫЫ12-15TP One No Trump Pass withЫ a balancedЫ ░} or semi-Ы balanced hand,Ы or if theЫ right handЫ ▒} opponent bidsЫ " Single raise PassЫ " New Suit Bid againЫ16TP Any of above Bid a▓}gainЫ17-19TP Any of above Bid againЫ20+TP Any of above Get to gameЫЫNotice that 16TP hands are in a class by themselv│}es. In some cases they qualify for strength-showing rebids, especially if the hand has good intermediate cards (9's & 10's). ┤}But if the hand is flat its best to bid them as you would 12-15TP hands.ЫIf partner passed before responding to your opening ╡}bid, you may pass with 13-14TP provided your hand supports his bid. Try to make another bid even with a minimum hand, however╢}.ЫMinimum Bid of the Same SuitЫЫ12-16TP. After a No Trump response indicates a distributional hand with no other biddable sui╖}t. After a response in a suit shows lack of support for partner's suit, no other lower ranking suit that can be bid at the ne╕}xt level, or if possible a higher ranking suit that can be bid at the same level. If suitable this bid can be made after any ╣}response except a jump to game in another suit.ЫЫREBIDS AFTER A ONE OVER ONE RESPONSEЫЫPartner has responded by bidding a hig║}her ranking suit at the one level.ЫЫOne No TrumpЫ13-16TP. Denies support for partner's suit, any biddable suit that can be sh╗}own at the one level, and at least a semi-balanced hand. Your opening suit may be rebiddable if its a minor suit, and you may╝} have another biddable 4 card suit.ЫЫTwo No TrumpЫ16-18HCP. Distribution as for a No Trump opening bid. Stoppers in all the u╜}nbid suits. Not usually bid when an unbid 4 card major is present. Semi-forcing.ЫЫThree No TrumpЫ19-21HCP. Same as 2 No Trump╛} above but a stronger hand.ЫЫSingle Raise of Partner's SuitЫ12-16TP and trump support.ЫЫDouble Raise of Partner's SuitЫ16-19T┐}P and at least 4 card trump support. If the raise is in a minor suit it denies any unbid 4 card or longer major and invites 3└} No Trump if responder has values in the unbid suits and 8+HCP. If this takes the bidding to the 4 level, avoid making it in ┴}a minor suit. Try to make another strength showing response instead. ForcingЫЫTriple Raise(to game) of Partner's Suit.Ы20+TP ┬}and at least 4 card trump support. Almost never done in a minor suit as it eliminates the chance of game at 3 No Trump.ЫЫJump├} Rebid of Original SuitЫ16-19TP and a 6 card or longer suit. At least 2 cards of partner's suit should be present, or opener'─}s suit is solid or the hand has 18-19TP. Semi-forcingЫЫJump Rebid to Game in Original Suit.Ы20+TP and at least a 6 card or lo┼}nger suit that is almost solid.ЫЫBidding a New Suit at the One Level.Ы12-18TP and the suit bid is at least 4 cards in length ╞}headed by the jack or better. Not Forcing. Responder may pass but polls show that most opening bidders are annoyed with such ╟}timid bidding.ЫЫBidding a New Lower-Ranking Suit at the Two LevelЫ13-18TP and the suit bid is at least 4 cards headed by the ╚}jack or better. When bid with a minimum hand (12-15TP) the hand should not be suitable for a One No Trump rebid.ЫЫJump Rebid ╔}in a New SuitЫ19+TP and the suit bid is at least 4 cards headed by at least the king or queen-jack. Forcing.ЫЫREBIDS AFTER A ╩}ONE NO TRUMP RESPONSEЫЫThe One No Trump response shows 6-10HCP. The opener should pass unless game is possible or the hand is╦} unsuitable for No Trump play. With a minimum (12-15TP) hand, the opener should also pass if the right hand opponent bids. If╠} a rebid is appropriate, make the most suitable bid already listed.ЫЫREBIDS AFTER SINGLE RAISE OF OPENER'S SUITЫЫ12-16TP Pass═}.ЫЫRebid of Supported Suit to the Next LevelЫ16-19TP and shows a rebiddable suit. If the suit is a minor, this bid invites 3 ╬}No Trump the same as a supporting raise of partner's minor suit response.ЫЫTwo No TrumpЫ17-18HCP and stoppers in all the unbi╧}d suits. If the supported suit is a major, do this only with well-distributed high card strength.ЫЫThree No TrumpЫ19-21HCP an╨}d the same requirements as 2 No Trump but a stronger hand.ЫЫJump to Game in Original SuitЫ20+TP. This bid is most useful with╤} major suits. Jump to game in a minor suit only with a strong distributional hand not likely to make a slam.ЫЫREBIDS AFTER A ╥}TWO OVER ONE RESPONSEЫЫYour partner has responded by bidding a lower ranking suit at the two level. He must have at least 10T╙}P (or a good 9TP) to do so. With 16+TP game is probable. With 12-15TP game is possible. Don't pass unless you don't like your╘} partner!ЫЫBid as after a One Over One Response with the following adjustments:ЫЫ1-Two No Trump HCP minimum is now 16Ы2-Three╒} No Trump HCP minimum is now 18Ы3-Jump Rebid in a new suit minimum is now 18TP.Ы4-If partner bid a minor suit, don't give a d╓}ouble raise unless your hand is unsuitable for No Trump play. Try to make another bid instead.ЫЫREBIDS AFTER STRENGTH SHOWING╫} RESPONSESЫЫAFTER A DOUBLE RAISE OF OPENER'S SUITЫЫ3 No TrumpЫ12-16TP and a semi-balanced or balanced hand and stoppers in al╪}l unbid suits. If the suit is a minor, and stoppers in only 3 suits, bid a higher level suit that you have stopped. If a majo┘}r, bid 3 No Trump only with well distributed high card strength.ЫЫ12-16TP Rebid the Suit to the 4 LevelЫЫ17+TP investigate th┌}e hand for slam possibilities. Cue bid control of another suit or go to Blackwood.ЫЫAFTER A TRIPLE RAISE OF OPENER'S SUITЫЫ12█}-19TP - if a major suit, pass.Ы12-19TP - if a minor suit, raise to the 5 level with 16+TP, unless partner already bid game. P▄}ass otherwise.ЫЫ20+TP Investigate the hand for slam. If the bid level is already at 5 of a minor, the choice is either to pas▌}s or bidding small slam.ЫЫAFTER A JUMP FORCEЫЫPartner has bid one more than necessary in a new suit, indicating at least 19TP▐}. Slam is probable if a reasonable fit can be found.Ы12+TP - bid the following listed in order of preference:ЫЫ1-Bid a second▀} biddable suit. With 15+TP this is the best bid. With 15+TP you may bid a 3 card minor if necessary.ЫЫ2-Rebid your suit if reр}biddable and 15TP maximum.ЫЫ3-Give your partner's suit a raise with trump support.ЫЫ4-Bid No Trump at the minimum level with с}13-15TP.ЫЫAFTER A 2 NO TRUMP RESPONSEЫЫUnless partner previously passed, you must bid until game is reached. With 14+TP game т}must be reached even if partner passed.ЫЫ12-18TP In order of preference-Ы1-bid 3 No Trump with a semi-balanced or balanced haу}nd.Ы2-bid any new 4 card or longer suit headed by the jack or better.Ы3-rebid your suit at the minimum level.Ы19+TP-investigaд}SECOND RESPONSEЫЫ GUIDELINESЫЫPoints Partner Bid You ShouldЫЫ0-5 Any Usually passЫ6-9 Minimum Bх}id Pass or make aЫ preference bidЫ6-7 Semi-Forcing PassЫ8-9 Semi-Forcing Try to bid gameЫ6-9ц} Forcing Bid Get to GameЫ10-12 Minimum Bid Bid AgainЫ10-12 Semi-Forcing Get to GameЫ /Forcing BidЫ13+ ч} Any of Above Get to GameЫЫTRUMP SUPPORT REVISITEDЫЫAfter a second bid by partner, should he rebid his opening suit, the reqш}uirements for adequate trump support are reduced. By rebidding the suit it is known to be a good 5 card or 6 card or longer sщ}uit. Minimum trump support is then any 3 cards or two cards, one of which is the jack or higher.ЫЫIf partner has bid two suitъ}s, if you have trump support it is usually better to support one of his suits rather than rebid one of yours. If it can be deы}termined that he has a 5 card and a 4 card suit, if you have 2 cards of the 5 card suit and 3 cards of the 4 card suit, it isь} better to support the 5 card suit. If he is 5-4 and you have 3 cards of the 5 card suit and 4 cards of the 4 card suit, it iэ}s better to support the 4 card suit, unless his 5 card suit is a major and his 4 card suit is a minor.ЫЫ2ND RESPONSE AFTER A ю}STRENGTH SHOWING BIDЫЫ13+TPЫYou responded initially by bidding 2 or 3 No Trump, a Double or Triple raise of partner's suit orя} a Jump Response in a New Suit. Partner's rebid was based on knowing your strength, so subsequent responses, if necessary, shЁ}ould be at a minimum level. If game has already been bid, Pass unless a better game contract exists, or Slam is probable. If ё}partner bid game in No Trump, is that the best place to be, or do you have an unbalanced hand and support for his suit or a gЄ}ood suit of your own? It depends on your hand.ЫЫ2ND RESPONSE AFTER A MINIMUM RESPONSEЫЫ13+TPЫYour hand wasn't suitable for maє}king an initial strength showing response, but the pairs' combined hand strength should be enough for game, maybe even slam. Ї}Your initial response promised as little as 6TP, so now its your job to let partner know that game is probable. This can be dї}one in one of two ways-Ы-A jump to game can be bid in No Trump with a semi-balanced or balanced hand and 13+HCP and stoppers Ў}in all unbid suits.Ы-A jump to game can be bid in your suit if partner raised the suit or bid No Trump and your suit is 6 carў}ds or longer. You need 16+TP to do this in a minor suit.Ы-A jump to game in partner's suit can be bid if you have trump suppo°}rt. You need 16+TP to do this in a minor suit.Ы-If none of these bids are suitable, and a serious misfit is not apparent, a j∙}ump rebid in a new suit is the best bid. Try to find a different bid, though, if by jumping the bid exceeds 3 No Trump and ga·}me in No Trump is a possibility.ЫЫ10-12TPЫ-if partner has jumped to game, Pass unless the bid is 3 No Trump and your hand is √}unbalanced.Ы-if partner has made any Semi-Forcing or Forcing bid, make sure you get to game.Ы-make one more bid after any min№}imum rebid by opener.ЫЫ10-12TP Action to take in order of preferenceЫЫ1 - If your first response was a temporizing bid, and y¤}ou have support for partner's first suit, show this by raising the suit. A jump raise in the original suit shows 11-12TP if y■}our first response was at the two level.Ы2 - Bid 2 No Trump with 11-13 HCP and stoppers in all the unbid suits.Ы3 - If partne }r raised your suit, rebid the suit if its a major. If its a minor, partner's raise invites a No Trump bid.Ы4 - Bid any other }4 card or longer suit not previously bid by you or the opponents.Ы5 - Rebid a good 5 card or any 6 card or longer suit.ЫЫ6-9T}P Take the Following ActionЫЫAfter a Game BidЫ-Pass unless you have a very long suit (7+cards) that is likely to be useless t}o partner and no support for his suit. In that event rebid your long suit at the cheapest level.ЫЫAfter a Forcing BidЫ-make s}ure game is reached, by supporting one of partner's suits or bidding one of yours, as appropriateЫЫAfter a Semi-Forcing BidЫ-}if the rebid is 2 No Trump, bid 3 No Trump with 8+HCP. Otherwise Pass unless unbalanced.Ы-if the rebid is a Double Raise of y}our suit or a Rebid of opener's suit after you gave him a single raise, then if the raised suit is a major bid 4 of the suit }with 8-9TP, pass with less. If under similar conditions and the suit is a minor, bid 3 No Trump with 8 or 9 well scattered HC}P. Pass with less.ЫЫAfter a Minimum Rebid-Respond at the Minimum LevelЫЫRebid of opening suitЫ-PassЫЫRebid of One No TrumpЫ-P}ass unless your hand is unbalanced. In that caseЫ-bid your suit if 5 cards or longer.Ы-rebid partner's opening suit if its a  }major and you have 2+ cards of the suit, or if its a minor and you have 3+ Cards of the suit.ЫЫRebid of a Single Raise of You }r SuitЫ-PassЫЫRebid of a New SuitЫ-express a simple preferenceЫ-if you have less than 3 cards of either of his suits and you  }have a rebiddable 5 card or longer suit, rebid your suit.Ы-if his first suit was a major, rebid his suit with 2+ cards. Pass  }if you have less than 2 cards of the first suit or 4 cards of the second suit.Ы-if his first suit was a minor and the second  }a major, pass with 3 or more cards in the second suit, or less than 3 cards of the first suit.Ы-if both of his suits are mino}rs, rebid the first suit with three or more cards of the suit and less than 4 cards of the second. Pass with 3+ cards of the }second suit or less than 2 cards of the first suit.Ы-if the bidding is still at the one level and your hand is at least semi-}balanced, with 6-9HCP and no reasonable fit bid One No Trump.Ы-if none of the above, Pass.ЫЫWHAT IF THE RIGHT HAND OPPONENT B}IDS?ЫЫ-Pass with a minimum (6-9TP) hand.Ы-With 10+TP you should continue bidding. Any bid by you in No Trump requires a posit}ive stopper in the opponent's suit. Avoid Temporizing bids. Bids of previously unbid 4 card suits should be limited to suits }headed by the queen or better. A penalty Double is a possible bid if you have defensive playing strength and no good fit has }been found.ЫЫIF EITHER OPPONENT HAS BIDЫЫ-If you previously passed, with 4-5TP (or 6-7TP if you initially passed after an opp}onent bid) and good support (4+trumps) for partner, a competitive raise in his suit may be in order. Pass if you're Vulnerabl}e unless you also have good distributional values. When in doubt, Pass.Ы-If opener passes, he's indicated a minimum hand. Wit}h less than 10TP you should bid only with good support or an exceptionally good suit of your own. With 10-12TP you should bid} competitively. With 13+TP you should still try to find a game contract. Penalty Doubles are a good bet with defensive playin}g strength.ЫЫLATER REBIDS AND RESPONSESЫЫTwo rounds of bidding have taken place. If still bidding, you're dealing with one of} three probems:Ы1 - Whether game or slam should be bidЫ2 - What suit(or No Trump) to play inЫ3 - The opponents have the high }bid and you must decide whether to Pass, Double or make a higher bid.ЫЫIn the first case trumps have already been established} and previous bidding should suggest whether game or slam are likely.ЫЫIn the second case, previous bidding will have indicat}ed the strength and distribution of the hands to a large extent.ЫЫ-If you are the responder, with 6-9TP you should now pass i}f the bidding has gone past the one level, or express a simple preference. In any case, as responder each bid that you make s}hows a little more strength.ЫЫ-If the bid is at a higher level and no fit is apparent, don't be afraid to pass. Misfit hands  }can be severely penalized if the bidding gets too high.ЫЫ-Some hands require 3 bids to properly describe. These are mostly tw!}o-suiters with 5 card or longer suits. If no fit has yet been found, rebid the second bid suit. This marks the hand as two-su"}ited.ЫЫThe third case is the toughest. Vulnerability, distribution, defensive strength and whether a fit has been established#} between you and partner all enter into the decision. Sometimes the opponents will rob you of a makeable game contract by sac$}rificing. It happens to everybody.ЫЫ GUIDELINESЫЫ1 - If game is not likely, pass or signoff by making a minimum reb%}id, as appropriate.ЫЫ2 - Rebid at the minimum level unless game is possible.ЫЫ3 - Don't rebid just because you don't like par&}tner's suits.ЫЫ4 - One over one bidding by responder is forcing. One over one bidding by the opening bidder is not forcing.ЫЫ'}5 - Bids that force the opening bidder to a higher level promise more than the minimum strength already promised by previous (}bids.ЫЫ6 - Don't bid No Trump as a denial of partner's suit. A partial fit is expected.ЫONE AND TWO NO TRUMP RESPONSES AND RE)}BIDSЫЫThe No Trump AdvantageЫЫThe beginning player may be a little puzzled by No Trump. When a contract is played in a suit, *}trump cards are often used to 'ruff' other suit leads and take the trick. In No Trump, all the suits are equal, so when a sui+}t is led the high card played of that suit wins the trick. Any other card from any other suit is powerless.ЫЫThere are advant,}ages in bidding and in playing No Trump. A bid of No Trump is the highest bid possible at that level. If the opponents want t-}o stick in a bid they must go at least one level higher, where they might get into trouble.ЫЫThe bid advantage of No Trump, h.}owever, is that game can be bid in No Trump at the 3 level. This requires that you take one less trick than required for a ga/}me in a major suit, and two less than needed for game in a minor suit. 3 No Trump is well worth considering as a game contrac0}t when the pairs' hands fit in the minor suits, provided adequate stoppers exist in the other suits, as a shortcut to game an1}d game bonuses. Even hands that have a so-so major suit fit are worth considering for a contract in No Trump if the hands hav2}e well distributed high card strength. Partial contracts in No Trump also yield more points if successful. Contracts in No Tr3}ump are frequent in competitive play for these reasons.ЫЫBT uses both Jacoby and Stayman conventions in response to 1 and 2 N4}o Trump bids, as well as 1 No Trump overcalls. The responder in using a transfer bid, makes an artificial bid that specifies 5}to partner what bid(s) are expected at his next turn. By doing so, the strongest hand is usually held and concealed by Declar6}er and the opening lead is through the weaker hand. Jacoby Transfers also have the added advantage of allowing a limit raise 7}after a One No Trump bid which is not possible in standard bidding. Transfer bids are more difficult to learn but worth the e8}ffort.ЫЫTRANSFER BIDS - ONE NO TRUMP OPENINGЫYour suit is Transfer bidЫЫClubs 2 SpadesЫDiamonds 9} 3 ClubsЫHearts 2 DiamondsЫSpades 2 HeartsЫ4 card major(1 or 2) 2 ClubsЫЫTransfer bids:} are made after a 2 No Trump opening in the same manner but one level higher. Never transfer directly to a 4 card suit. Balan;}ced hands with high card strength should respond in No Trump. Transfers to the minor suits are done mainly with weak hands an<}d long suits or if slam is possible. This is especially true when partner has opened with 2 No Trump.ЫЫONE NO TRUMP RESPONSES=} AND REBIDSЫЫA One No Trump opening bid indicates 15-18HCP, no singleton or void and not more than one doubleton. The hand ha>}s no 5 card major and stoppers in at least 3 suits.ЫЫRESPONSEЫЫRULE 1NT - with less than 8TP and a balanced or semi-balanced ?}hand, Pass.ЫЫRULE 2NT - with 0+TP and a five card major or any 6 card or longer suit, or if you have 14+TP and a 5 card minor@}, make a transfer bid to your suit. FORCING.ЫЫRULE 3NT - with 8+TP and one or both majors is a biddable 4 card suit, bid 2 ClA}ubs. FORCING.ЫЫRULE 4NT - with 8-9HCP and a balanced or semi-balanced hand, bid 2 No Trump.ЫЫRULE 5NT - with 10-14HCP and a bB}alanced or semi-balanced hand, bid 3 No Trump.ЫЫRULE 6NT - with 15+HCP and at least semi-balanced, go to Blackwood.ЫЫREBIDSЫЫC}AFTER A 2 CLUBS RESPONSEЫЫRULE 7NT - with no 4 card major, bid 2 Diamonds. FORCINGЫЫRULE 8NT - with a 4 card Spade suit, bid D}2 Spades. You may also have a 4 card Heart suit.ЫЫRULE 9NT - with a 4 card Heart suit only, bid 2 Hearts.ЫЫAFTER A RESPONSE IE}N ANY OTHER SUITЫЫRULE 10NT - bid the next higher suit. If responder bid 2 Spades, bid 3 Clubs.ЫЫAFTER A TWO NO TRUMP RESPONSF}EЫЫRULE 11NT - Pass with 15-16HCP. Bid 3 No Trump with 17-18HCP.ЫЫAFTER A THREE NO TRUMP RESPONSEЫЫRULE 12NT - PassЫЫ2ND RESPG}ONSEЫЫAFTER AN INITIAL RESPONSE OF 2 CLUBSЫЫRULE 13NT - if partner bid 2 Diamonds, bid 2 No Trump with 8-9HCP, 3 No Trump witH}h 10-14HCP.ЫЫRULE 14NT - if partner bid 2 Spades and you have only a 4 card heart suit, bid 3 hearts.ЫЫRULE 15NT - if partnerI} bid 2 Hearts and you have only a 4 card spade suit, bid as per RULE 13NT.ЫЫRULE 16NT - if partner bid one of your 4 card majJ}ors, raise the suit one level with 8-9TP, raise to game with 10-14TP. With 15+TP go to Blackwood.ЫЫAFTER AN INITIAL RESPONSE K}IN A SUITЫЫRULE 17NT - Pass with 0-7TP and partner has bid your suit.ЫЫRULE 18NT - if the hand is at least semi-balanced, theL}n if the transfer was to a minor suit which is readily established, or if the transfer was to a 5 card major, bid 2 No Trump M}with 8-9HCP, 3 No Trump with 10-14HCP. With 15+TP, go to Blackwood.ЫЫRULE 19NT - if the transfer was to a 6 card or longer maN}jor, raise in the suit one level with 8-9TP. Raise to game with 10-14TP, and go to Blackwood with 15+TP.ЫЫRULE 20NT - if the O}transfer was to a 6 card or longer minor, pass with 8-9TP. Raise in the suit one level with 10-12TP. Raise in the suit to gamP}e level with 13-14TP. Go to Blackwood with 15+TP.ЫЫRULE 21NT - if the transfer was to a 5 card suit, you have an unbalanced hQ}and and another biddable suit, bid the other suit at the minimum level.ЫЫAFTER AN INITIAL RESPONSE IN NO TRUMPЫЫRULE 22NT - PR}ass unless interested in slam.ЫЫSECOND REBIDЫЫAFTER PARTNER RAISED TO GAME IN A SUIT, ORЫAFTER PARTNER RAISED TO 3 NO TRUMP AS}FTER AN INITIAL RESPONSE OF 2 CLUBS OR A TRANSFER TO A MINOR SUITЫЫRULE 23NT - Pass unless after a transfer to a minor suit aT}nd the hand does not have stoppers in the other suits. In that case, rebid the minor suit.ЫЫAFTER PARTNER RAISED TO TWO OR THU}REE NO TRUMP AFTER A TRANSFER TO A MAJOR SUITЫЫRULE 24NT - with any 2 cards or 3 small cards in the suit, Pass 3 No Trump. PaV}ss 2 No Trump with 15-16HCP. Raise to 3 No Trump with 17-18HCP.ЫЫRULE 25NT - with 3 cards headed by an honor or any 4 cards iW}n the suit, rebid the suit. Bid game in the suit after 2 No Trump and holding 17-18HCP.ЫЫAFTER A BID IN A NEW SUIT BY RESPONDX}ERЫЫRULE 26NT - if your strength is concentrated in the other two suits not bid, raise to 3 No Trump.ЫЫRULE 27NT - rebid the Y}suit your hand fits with best to game level, with a preference to a major suit.ЫЫLATER RESPONSES AND REBIDSЫЫAt this point itZ}s been determined what to play the hand in. Both players should pass unless slam is afoot.ЫЫTWO NO TRUMP RESPONSES AND REBIDS[}ЫЫA Two No Trump opening indicates 22-24HCP, no singleton or void and not more than one doubleton, with stoppers in all 4 sui\}ts.ЫЫResponder needs only 4TP to bid after a 2 No Trump opener. Pass with 0-3TP unless the hand is unbalanced. With 10+TP res]}ponder should be interested in slam after finding the best location to play in.ЫЫResponses and Rebids generally follow the sa^}me rules as after a One No Trump opener. Transfer bids to minor suits are limited to hands with slam potential or those highl_}y distributional. Responder should not bid a new suit after a transfer unless two-suited (5-5 or more). After a major suit tr`}ansfer responder should rebid 3 No Trump unless two-suited or the suit is 6 cards or longer. Emphasis should be on playing tha}e hand in No Trump.ЫЫWHAT IF AN OPPONENT BIDSЫЫAfter a No Trump opening bid the opponents are not likely to enter the biddingb}. If they do BT has the following practice that holds for all bidding made after an opponent's bid.Ы- If the bid made is exacc}tly the same bid as you were going to make, Double.Ы- If you have a weak hand that would be worth a bid only to find a betterd} place to play the hand, PassЫ- If your hand is game-going, bid as before, at a higher level if necessary.ЫЫEXAMPLESЫThe Corre}ect Bid and Guiding RULE are shown under each hand.ЫЫYour Partner Has Opened With One No Trump and you holdЫЫS 10 9 7 3 f} S 9 4ЫH K J 4 H K Q 10 7 3ЫD A 9 5 D J 10 4ЫC 8 7 4 C 7 6 2Ы 2 No Trump 2 Dg}iamondsЫ RULE 4NT RULE 2NTЫЫS J 9 4 S K J 8 7ЫH Q 7 5 2 H Q 10 5 4ЫD J 6 4 3 D A h}10ЫC 9 8 C 8 4 3Ы Pass 2 ClubsЫ RULE 1NT RULE 3NTЫЫYou Opened One No Trump, Partneri} Responded 2 ClubsЫЫS A Q 4 S A 7ЫH K 4 H K Q J 4ЫD K Q 5 3 D K 9 8 3ЫC Q 10 7 6 j}C A 7 5Ы 2 Diamonds 2 HeartsЫ RULE 7NT RULE 9NTЫЫЫYou Opened One No Trump and Partner Responded-ЫЫ2 Spk}ades 3 ClubsЫЫS A K 10 S A Q 3ЫH A K 4 H K 9 8ЫD 10 9 8 3 D Q 7ЫC Q 8 7 l}C A J 5 3 2Ы 3 Clubs 3 DiamondsЫ RULE 10NT RULE 10NTЫЫЫAfter One No Trump, You Responded 2 Clubs andm} Partner Rebid-ЫЫ2 Diamonds 2 SpadesЫЫS K J 8 5 S 8 7ЫH 9 7 6 H K J 8 6ЫD A 9 D 1n}0 9 7 6 4ЫC J 7 4 2 C A QЫ 2 No Trump 3 HeartsЫ RULE 13NT RULE 14NTЫЫЫAfter One No Trump, You o}Transferred to Your Long Suit, and Partner Rebid-ЫЫ3 Diamonds 2 SpadesЫЫS 10 6 S K 10 7 3 2ЫH 8 3 p} H A 5ЫD J 9 8 7 4 3 2 D Q 8 3ЫC K 4 C J 10 7Ы Pass 3 No TrumpЫ RULE 17NT q} RULE 18NTЫЫNO TRUMP TRANSFER PRACTICE HANDS ON DISKЫЫHAND #1ЫSouth is the dealer and holds the followingЫЫS A J 7ЫH A Q 7 r}5ЫD K 8 4ЫC K J 5ЫЫBid One No Trump. West passes and North bids 2 Clubs, requesting South to bid a 4 card major, if any. Eas}st passes and South bids 2 Hearts. West passes and North bids 3 Hearts, indicating 8-9 TP. East passes and South bids 4 Heartt}s. All pass.ЫЫ4 Hearts can be made, but upon review it will be apparent that 3 No Trump can be defeated with proper defense. u}Even with a balanced hand such as South's, a 4-4 or better major fit with partner is almost always a better bet than No Trumpv} when the other suits are relatively weak, as are diamonds in South's hand.ЫЫHAND #2ЫNorth is the dealer and opens One No Trw}ump. East passes and South holdsЫЫS K Q 10 3 2ЫH 8 6 3ЫD Q J 5ЫC Q 4ЫЫBid 2 Hearts, requesting a bid of 2 Spades. West pax}sses and North bids 2 Spades. East passes, and South with 10 HCP and fairly balanced, bids 3 No Trump. West passes and North y}bids 4 Spades. All pass.ЫЫ4 Spades can be made if played successfully, while a 3 No Trump contract would probably be beaten. z}With East on lead by bidding transfers, North's KJ have been protected from the opening lead.ЫPRE-EMPTIVE BIDDINGЫЫHands that{} qualify for pre-emptive bids have longs suits and are weak defensively. The purpose of making such a bid is to keep the oppo|}nents from entering the bidding, or at least hamper their communication. There is a strong element of sacrifice to pre-emptiv}}e bidding.ЫЫBT engages in 4 types of Pre-emptive bidding:ЫЫ1 - Opening bids of 2 of a major suit or 3 of a minor suit.Ы2 - Op~}ening bids of game in major and minor suits.Ы3 - Opening bids of Three No Trump (Gambling).Ы4 - Defensive Weak jump overcalls}.ЫЫThis chapter considers the first two types of pre-emptive bidding.ЫЫOPENING BIDS OF TWO OF A MAJOR OR THREE OF A MINORЫЫReА}quirements for bidding:ЫЫ1 - Not more than 2 defensive tricks.Ы2 - A 6 card suit with 2 or more of the top 4 honors totallingБ} 4+TP, or a 7 card or longer suit with at least 2 of the top 5 honors.Ы3 - 7-12TP Not Vulnerable, 9-12TP Vulnerable. If a 6 cВ}ard suit, 8-12TP Not Vulnerable, 10-12TP Vulnerable.Ы4 - No other rebiddable suit.ЫЫDO NOT open a qualifying hand when you arГ}e in the 4th position and you have LESS THAN 2 defensive tricks.ЫЫRESPONSEЫЫTrump Support RequirementsЫ3 or more cards or 2 cД}ards including an honor.ЫЫPass unless one of the following apply.Ы1 - with trump support, 13+TP and at least 4 sure tricks diЕ}vided 0between at least 2 other suits, you may raise to game in partner's suit.Ы2 - With trump support that includes an honorЖ}, 13+TP, 3 sure tricks and positive stoppers in all the other suits, you may bid 3 No Trump. This is the preferred response tЗ}o a pre-emptive bid of 3 of a minor suit.Ы3 - With trump support including the ace or king, first round control (ace or void)И} in all the other suits and 5 or more sure tricks, bid slam or go to Blackwood as appropriate.Ы4 - With trump support and 13+Й}TP and 3 sure tricks divided between at least 2 other suits, give partner's suit a single raise.Ы5 - With trump support, 6-12К}TP, pass unless the opponents bid. If they do you may raise partner's suit. When Vulnerable or less than 2 DIS you should havЛ}e 9-12TP to bid.ЫЫREBIDSЫЫYou should Pass unless your partner has given your suit a single raise and the opponents have not bМ}id. Then you may raise to game with 11-12TP. Pass with less TP.ЫЫLATER RESPONSES AND REBIDSЫЫIf the opponents bid and you havН}e defensive strength then penalty Doubles should be considered. Before Doubling keep in mind that when partner has bid pre-emО}ptively he may have no defensive strength.ЫЫIf your hand is distributional and you have trump support, a sacrifice bid may beП} in order if the opponents have bid game. This is especially true when they are Vulnerable and you're not. In counting up triР}cks you're side is likely to take with partner's suit trump, you can figure on 6 tricks from his hand.ЫЫAn opening pre-emptivС}e bidder should pass 90% of the time in the later rounds. The only cases in which a bid by you is reasonable is when you holdТ} 11-12TP and partner raised your suit competing with the opponents. The situations when you can then bid are much the same asУ} for your partner.ЫЫOPENING BIDS OF GAME IN A SUITЫЫRequirements for bidding:Ы1 - Not more than 2 defensive tricks.Ы2 - A majФ}or suit of at least 7 cards or a minor suit of at least 8 cards.Ы3 - At least 3 of the top 5 honors.Ы4 - 14TP maximum.Ы5 - NoХ} other rebiddable suit.Ы6 - the hand will win enough tricks with the long suit trump to meet the requirements of the Rule of Ц}2 and 3.ЫЫDO NOT open a qualifying hand in the 4th position without 2 defensive tricks.In this position you should have a reaЧ}sonable chance to make any pre-emptive contract that you bid. In that position safer bids are an opening bid of one of the suШ}it if sufficiently strong, or bids of 2 or 3 of the suit.ЫЫRESPONSEЫЫTrump Support Requirements:Ы2 or more cards of the suit Щ}or a singleton honor.ЫЫSince partner has already bid game, you should bid only if the opponents enter the bidding or slam is Ъ}likely. Pass unless one of the following apply:ЫЫ1 - If the opponents bid,then if you have the ace or king of partner's and oЫ}ne or more other cards of his suit and one other sure trick, you may raise his suit.Ы2 - If the opponents bid and you have atЬ} least one card of partner's suit and 2 or more sure tricks divided between at least 2 other suits, you may raise partner's sЭ}uit.Ы3 - With trump support, first round control (ace or void) in at least 2 other suits, second round control (king or singlЮ}eton of the third suit, and at least 4 sure tricks, you can make a slam try. This means bidding 4 No Trump (Blackwood) after Я}a major suit game bid or bidding 6 or 7 if partner bid a minor suit game bid.ЫЫIf the opponents bid after partner's pre-emptiа}ve game bid, with 2 or more defensive tricks a penalty Double is worth considering. Especially if you have strength in their б}suit and/or they are Vulnerable. If slam on your side is a good possibility then you should bid it. A Vulnerable game for youв}r side is preferable to penalties adding to less than 700. It depends on your hand.ЫЫshould bid it. A Vulnerable game for youUREBIDSЫЫYou should Pass unless partner forces you to bid with Blackwood.ЫЫour hand.ЫЫshould bid it. A Vulnerable game for youJte for slam.ЫЫAFTER PARTNER HAS RAISED TO GAME IN A NEW SUITЫЫ12-19TP Pass.ЫЫ20+TP and any cards in partner's suit, bid smallп}DESIGNER'S NOTESЫЫBlue Team Bridge was going to be one program that would bid and play bridge. About half-way through I reali"ж}zed this was impossible if it was going to bid and play a good game of bridge. Bidding systems are like languages, with many "з}subtleties. Developing a good program to play the hands proved to be even more difficult than the bidding, since it is such a"и} dynamic process.ЫЫI wanted more bidding capabilities than could fit in the design, such as cue-bidding controls, invitation-"й}to slam bids and grand slam force. Playing could be more optimal with a trick-claiming option, echoes, and generally more cap"к}ability to compare the relative strengths of suits.ЫЫBlue Team Bridge is very good at keeping count and knowing the exact sta"л}tus of the cards. It won't forget that there's still a trump out. It's unforgiving if a player makes a bid it doesn't underst"м}and, with the text outlining bidding as BT handles it. It's a good-to-very good bidder and a fair-to-good hand player. Gross "н}errors are rare, while more subtle inconsistencies are infrequent. It's better than a lot of partners I've had.ЫЫACKNOWLEDGEM"о}ENTSЫЫProduced using copyrighted software products of Monarch Data Systems, Cochituate, MA 01778Ыners I've had.ЫЫACKNOWLEDGEM a slam holding 3 or more aces and/or singletons or voids, grand slam with 4 aces and/or voids.ЫЫAFTER PARTNER HAS RAISED TO 3 ░}NO TRUMP.ЫЫ12-16TP Pass with a semi-balanced or balanced hand. Bid a new lower ranking 4 card or longer suit. Rebid you suit▒} if rebiddable.ЫЫ17+TP Slam is likely, but you must first establish if it is better played in No Trump or a suit. Bid a new ▓}suit or go to Blackwood if you already know what contract is preferred.ЫЫWHAT IF THE OPPONENT BIDS?ЫЫWith a minimum hand (13-│}15TP) you should pass if the right hand opponent bids. This indicates the minimum nature of your hand. With 16+TP you should ┤}continue bidding.ЫЫIf the opponent makes a Pre-emptive bid, consideration should be given to the defensive strength of your h╡}and. A penalty Double may be in order. Pre-emptive bids are used to interfere with the other side's bidding, however, so by p╢}assing or doubling you may be missing game. Expert bridge players are often unsure when to Double, Pass or continue bidding a╖}t higher levels of competitive bidding, so don't feel bad. Each hand has to be considered individually in these cases, and wi╕}th experience your ability to make the correct bid will improve.Ы requests the opener to bid the suit immediately above the sAl of the minimum HCP and stoppers necessary to leave in partner's 3 No Trump.ЫЫHAND #2ЫNorth deals and opens with 3 No Trump.║} East passes and South holdsЫЫS 10 3ЫH A J 4 3ЫD A K J 8 5ЫC 7 4ЫЫBid 5 Clubs. All Pass. With South's hand, the jump to g╗}ame in partner's suit is adviseable, as 3 No Trump would be very risky. With South's good 5 card Diamond suit and control in ╝}Hearts, there's a good chance of game in clubs. As it turns out, 5 Clubs is makeable.ЫЫROMAN 2 DIAMOND BIDDINGЫЫAn opening bi╜}d of 2 Diamonds promises 5-4-4 or 4-4-4-1 distribution and 16-21HCP. FORCING.ЫЫRESPONSEЫ- With 7+TP bid 2NT. This requests pa╛}rtner to bid his singleton or void. Forcing.Ы- With less than 7TP bid your cheapest 4 card or longer suit.ЫЫREBIDЫЫ- After a ┐}2 No Trump response, bid your singleton or void.Ы- After a suit bid, if the suit is one you support, pass if its a minor or w└}ith less than 19+HCP. Raise a major suit with 19+HCP.Ы- After a response in your short suit bid the next higher-ranking suit ┴}(2 Clubs if the bid is 2 Spades).ЫЫ2ND RESPONSEЫ- With 7-11TP, bid game in the suit fitting best with partner. In the event t┬}hat your hand is long in partner's short suit and has no other good fit, a minimum response in your next best suit draws the ├}picture.Ы- With 12+TP, go to Blackwood for a slam try.Ы- With less than 7TP and partner raised your suit, pass with less than─} 5TP. Bid game with 5-6TP.Ы- With less than 7TP and partner bid a new suit, pass with 3 or more cards and less than 5TP. If y┼}ou have 5-6TP and 4 or more cards of the suit, you may give him a single raise if in support of a major suit.ЫЫROMAN TWO DIAM╞}ONDS PRACTICE HANDS ON DISKЫЫHAND #1ЫSouth is the dealer and holds the followingЫЫS Q J 10 8ЫH 9ЫD A K 9 4ЫC A Q J 6ЫЫBid╟} 2 Diamonds. West passes and North bids 2 No Trump, asking South to bid the singleton or void. East passes and South bids 2 H╚}earts. West passes and North bids 4 Spades. All pass.ЫThe elegance of the 2 Diamond bid prevent the pair from going too far. ╔}North, knowing that his Heart queen is useless, settles for an easy game.ЫЫHAND #2ЫNorth deals and opens 2 Diamonds. East pas╩}ses and South holdsЫЫS K 7 2ЫH 8 4ЫD Q 9 4ЫC J 9 7 4 3ЫЫBid Two No Trump. West passes and North bids 3 Diamonds. East pas╦}ses and South, with a useless Diamond queen, bids 4 Clubs to indicate a minimum hand. West passes and North, having 21 TP and╠} good club support bids 5 Clubs. All pass.ЫHad conventional bidding taken place, game might have been missed or defeated play═}ing at 4 Spades or 4 Hearts.ЫЫ2 CLUBS BIDDINGЫЫAn opening bid of 2 Clubs promises 22+TP and either a good 6 card or longer su╬}it or 19+HCP.ЫЫRESPONSE - YOU MUST BID!ЫЫ- With less than 7TP, bid 2 Diamonds, a negative artificial response.Ы- With 7-10HCP╧}0■@LГ╠}╦мЁ5 _нмж$Ож%О l0■0м▒$)к╚$Ё▒$H╚▒$ UhиКL"й└ и`йАe$Е$Рц%`нЕ$нЕ%`@¤Н М йRа0■@РйWаАж!р╨( БL╣(НйНМй1НйН йАН Н нН Yф╬ ЁжIШ` н d  L╟@¤dП M П ╝* А0■@  н Е$н Е%н ЕCвйCРаС$е$Э)е%Э1йР UйdЭ╩▀е$Н9е%Н:м вИШЭ!0■0 Sшр╨ёе$Нче%НшйиЩБ╚·и╣Ё ╔DЁ0№╚└╨ЁйDЩй╦ЩйЩ` н }╜JЭВ)ЁLr ь╜В╔dП M П ╝* А0■@  н Е$н Е%н ЕCвйCРаС$е$Э)е%Э1йР UйdЭ╩▀е$Н9е%Н:м вИШЭ!0■0 Sшр╨ёе$Нче%НшйиЩБ╚·и╣Ё} ╔DЁ0№╚└╨ЁйDЩй╦ЩйЩ` н }╜JЭВ)ЁLr ь╜В╔Ё╔ЁJ╔ Ё ╔ Ё еи(░Р(░  p L╟ ек(░∙м╣ЭГ)Ё  С JЭО╜}ЛЭНL= ем(░ ┴ мL н 0■0qН Aн Нн Н Смв й Щ╚╩∙жIйBЭГ JмЩ╜ЛЩйCЩйЩЩв╜;╔?ЁЩ╚шр РЁ D W ╢}йАЭЕ В╨LL╟ еййЭЕн ЭБйЭЗЭПЭР` W м╣ЭГ)ЭД╣ЭЛ╣ЭМLъН╜AЕ! нм ╣╔▀░йЕ"╜В)Ё-╝ЗШ▌ЖР p░" }ф а░▒$Н■ЗнСGй0■@ЕЭЕL╟LП еИ╜Е0■08`йНйНQе")Ё<╨2Qн0■0 т░-а▒GС$╚Ш▌ЖРї UL# ; p8е(¤Ж