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Youmay type for a list of calculated-value ranges which flag errors.eful handdesign.Please try anoYEiͩkΩ͙kCopj`j {j`Hi͝Νh` W}L"T:D"NURiͩkΩ͙kCopj`j {j`Hi͝Νh` D}The value is to long.The value contains someunnecessary characters.You may have entered a valuewithY} greater precision then ispractical. Some large numbers can beshortened by using exponentialnotation. For example, thZ}e number12000000 can be expressed as 12E6.For more examples type .d by using exponentialnotation. For example, thKz{##ERHELSIMDUMENTRYHELPFNERRMESSCCRRRRVVVSER1R2R3R4V1V2V3RR5KEDUPSSSIZG\}AIHRINPRO ]}^} !"#$%&'()*+, _} B$6-F:A,%@.+8 @JAA(\Ah6-t6-@`}@K:6-@ @ Z@@d'B7t@d9A@KAR@WAVa}Z$GG;AP,;@,;@,;@,;@,;@,-?-@"@ (ADDER1-@"@b}?( AMPLIFIER/X-@@>($PUSH KEY TO CHANGE THE NUMBERA(X(OF INPUTS ANYTIME.2@ c}< F:@ , A@@`d6-A6-A'6-A36-A?6-@K6-@W6-@c6-d}i6-o6-u6-{6-6-6-6-e6-A36-n B Ax F:B2y,@A e}9AdAU'A@d9A26-F:Ad,"@W( B2 A"F:B2y,"@f}" B 6"AU)F:B2y,"@, A6 A0,F:B2y,"@" A0, A A@g}26-F:Ad,"@W( B2 A,F:B2y,"@" A0, A6""@)F:B2y,"@h}, A6 AAUAP"F:B2y,"@" B  A-"@9)"@`# APi}- A)@ 6-B:, A&Av @6. A&6.7@<&@,& j}AM9+ @H)!@W,*@i*@F*@EC APM AU!@ 6-@!6-'6--6k}-36-96-?6-E6-K6-U B67%@,.>:,"<-@(@( ( 2AdAU< Al},u-@@ u([PLEASE PUSH THE KEY TO SELECT A COMPONENT. THEN ENTER ITS NEW VALUE. -HELP.6Hm}AdAU'A@d9AE6-H$^r-@@ r(WLEGAL VALUE CHARACTERS ARE NUMBERSn} OR THE LETTER E . PLEASE CHECK THE MANUAL FOR h^(MORE INFORMATION.+AdAU=A@dOAo}[6-@^$L 6-6-6-6-!6-'6--6-36-BB:,"L AP A"@p}A''AA A"A$AA A$ 6-A:, A% 6-A:, A%q} 6-A:, A% 6-A:,F- ) ) ) 96-@<'F BF- @) @r}) @) @96-@<'F BF-!C")!C")!C")!C"96-@<'F B s}B] 6-'6-'6-''"@S6-@'+@'%@'%@',] A`996-@'+@'t}%@'%@'%@', @6-@H/!B)!B)+!B*"@,;6-@>'H Bu}K AAdAU&6.8-@(@H( K$X6-@' BZ(>:A%,v}"AA(4A> @P-@"@ Z(ADDER#-@"@#( AMPLIFIER;-@@w}(OUT=0-@"@;(='-@ @'( R1 R41-@@1(V1   x} $-@@$( | |$-@@$( | |+-@ @+(R2 |  |1y}-@@1(V2  ]@ |$'-@@'( [[\ OUT.-@@(%`{'8-@z}@ (|{'B-@@(L-@@(V-@@(R5`-@@({}j-@@(t-@@(|~-@@(-@@(a$-@|}@(^"@A-@@(-@@(|-@@(|"}}-@ @ "(R3 |(-@@((V3  L 6- A/AAAA-@~}@L( 0"-@&B:,'@@&(0 A67B:,%@,.b$67B:,%@,.Kb}$67B:,%@,.Mb$L 6- A/AAAA-@@L( &"-@&B:,'}@@&(` 6- A/AAAA-@@L( `"@A&"-@}&B:,'@@&(o 6- A/AAAA-@@L( k-@!&B:,'@}@o(b 6- A/AAAA-@@L( ^-@@b(_ 6- }A A@/-@@?( Q-@@_(-*V1_ 6- A A@/-@@}?( Q-@@_(-*V2:"@!-@@0( : Ai 6- A} A@/-@@?( Q-@@_(-*V3i A+"6@(67B:,%@,.}E-3+$ 6@6.0.00$)"@&67B:,%@,.E3)$$ A@e5 3A}DDER3R1=!3R2=5"@AN 3R3=3R4=!3R5=D3V OUT=6V16V26V3N A}2 3R4=3R5=23V OUT=6V16V23 ************, @@e@) B,$6-@} @AP AA%)6-'A6-%@) A<!A26-P:+%?P,$@},'@< A0<!@26-P:+%?,$@,'@< A0&&6-P:+%>P,$A,'A2} 6.=:,B:, @267B:,%@,..0$6-@A%)6-$A6-&@) }AU +-@"@+(VALUE=  +6-%@!%@+6-@ 6-@ 1'A0@A}0PA0RA0T1 A0` 8-@ @(R4.-@ @5(ұ8$ 8-@ @(R1.-@ }@5(Ҳ8$ D-@ @(R2("@:-@ @A(ҴD$ -@ @ (ҳ$ 8-@} @ (R3.-@ @5(Ҵ8$ A/2$A%@P@@A@  F:@ }, @ A0b 7%27@  F:@ , @@A0f F:B2y,"}@A0 6. $'+ 6.6-!@+ B$'[ + @)A@;-@@}[(ERROR ... ONE MOMENT PLEASE.'! $@%B@! B8'_AVA$((_(ERROR # F:A, O}N LINE # F:A,%AV$F:A,:'ZF:A,!A'(2(Your disk drive orM(file is not available.P'Z B}@='5(((Please try a different value.+'5 B@B' 6.A6-@$L' 6.B6-@$V' 6.G6-}@$`' 6.I6-@$j' 6.J6-@$' 6.U6-@$*J 6-6-6.D:-67@},.J@@+-)@)@-6-AU$% +E-@)@,67<,.>:},0 ;@E @+lAVA$((l(KAdditional information may be found in the users manual and desi}gn notes.+!"@6-!!6-+'!"@*"@*!*!'6- ++( (+( Press to continue.}!+aW%@BDBBBCBCBCBDBCBCBCa BP"+-@@(6$}#+-@@($$+$*+ F:B2y,@BP/+AdAU4+26-F:Ad,"@W( B}2 B>+ F:B2y,"@BH+ B`Q+"@'6-R+U 6-6-6-6-!6-'6-}-6-36-?6-KAVU A N+ 6.@ B+6-@*N@ + @)-@ }@@(HELP IS ON THE WAY4N $@%B@>N BHN 6.Z$RN 6.N$\N 6.K$fN 6.Y$R8} 6.D:67@,.8@@R-)@)@-6-AU$%RE-@)@},67<,.>:,0 ;@E @&RjAVA$((j(IAdditional information may be found in the users }manual & design notes.0R+( (+( PRESS TO CONTINUE.:R F:B2y,@BPDR F:B2y,@B}`NR0AdAU!AV-6-0$U16-@"@'6-@1 B U6-@V A}E6-$ D:CV-6-0$U16-@"@'6-@1 B U6-@V A!}The value you entered for AOLisThe open loop gain (AOL) isalways positive and usually quitelarge. Typically, }AOL is 1E6 to10E6 for most operational amplifiers.This program will accept valuesgreater than zero and less than 100E}6for AOL. Please try another value. amplifiers.This program will accept valuesgreater than zero and less than 100E(AUTORUN.CAD is the only program onthis side of the disk; all the otherfiles (excluding DOS and Basic) arehelp files to it.} You must copy thesefiles to another DOS disk, renameAUTORUN.CAD to AUTORUN.SYS, and youhave a working version. OAMANUAL i}sthe manual, which can be read byselecting HELP.BAS from the menu. AUTORUN.SYS, and youhave a working version. OAMANUAL iE7}The main menu is a list of allthe op-amp circuits that this CADprogram will support. These circuitsare the buildi }ng blocks of mostop-amp systems. You may select acircuit by pushing the key.After you have made a selection, yo }umust push the key to continue.HAPPY COMPUTING!by pushing the key.After you have made a selection, yo >}The noninverting operationalamplifier is a common linearamplifier with very high inputimpedance. Its gain cannot $}be lessthan one. It is a good generalpurpose amplifier and is often usedas a high impedance buffer betweentwo circui$}ts.ssthan one. It is a good generalpurpose amplifier and is often usedas a high impedance buffer betweentwo circui$.}The resistor value is to low.The value is nearly ashort circuit.Resistor values less than twoohms a(}re usually avoided because theyare difficult to implement inpractice.Please try another value. Youmay type for a(} list of componentvalue ranges which flag errors.lement inpractice.Please try another value. Youmay type for a(5}The Schmitt trigger is a uniqueapplication of an operationalamplifier due to the use of positivefeedback. The Sch,}mitt triggerconverts a slowly changing signalinto a fast changing signal. It isoften used as an interface fromanalog,} to digital circuits.a slowly changing signalinto a fast changing signal. It isoften used as an interface fromanalog,~%0MESSHELHELPFNSSSIZERMR1IR2IR1R2DUMENTRYH1H2H3CCRRRGAISEKEDUR1R2R3GAINERR0}GSIPHRINPRO 0}0} !"#$%&'()* B$60}-F:A,%@.+8 @JAA(\Ah6-t6-@@0}K: @ Z@@d'B7t@d9A@KAR@WAVZ$GG;AP,0};@,;@,;@,;@,;@,-0-@@"(INVERTER0( AMPLIFIERdW6-A6-A0}'6-A36-@?6-E6-K6-Q6-W6-n B Ax F:B2y,@A 90}AdAU'A@d9A26-F:Ad,"@W( B2 AI5AU)F:B2y0},"@)F:B2y,"@? AI A0,F:B2y,"@" A0, A A@26-F:Ad,0}"@W( B2 A,F:B2y,"@" A0, A6""@)F:B2y,"@, A6 A0}AUAP F:B2y,@A A A-"@9)"@`# AP- A0})@ 6-B:, A&Av @6. A&6.7@<&@,& AM90}+ @H)!@W,*@i*@F*@EC APM A=!@ 6-@!6-'6--6-36-= 0}B67%@,.>:,"<-@(@( ( 2AdAU< A,u-@@ u([PLEASE PU0}SH THE KEY TO SELECT A COMPONENT. THEN ENTER ITS NEW VALUE. -HELP.6<AdAU'A@d90}A<$^r-@@ r(WLEGAL VALUE CHARACTERS ARE NUMBERS OR THE LETTER E . PLEASE CHECK THE MANUAL0} FOR h^(MORE INFORMATION.+AdAU=A@dOA[6-@^$4 6-6-6-60}-*B:,"4 AP AAA  6-A:, A% 6-A:,2 ) %60}-@('2 B2 @) @%6-@('2 B2!C")!C"%6-@('2 B0} B6-$'+%,6-'(!B6-@'( BK AAdAU&6.8-@(0}@H( K$X6-@' Bk(>:A%,"AA(4A> @P-@0}@](INVERTERk( AMPLIFIER<-@@(GAIN=1-@"@<(=5-@@(R1.0}-@ @5(R23-@@3(IN   &-@@&( | |&-@0}@&( |  |&-@@&( ]@ |$*-@ @*([[\ OUT."-@@0}"(%`{'8 -@@  (| {'B-@@(L-@@(V-@@(0}R3`-@@(j-@@(~-@@(-@@(a$-@0}@(^L 6- A/AAAA-@@L( 0"-@&B:,'@@0}&(0 A67B:,%@,.b$67B:,%@,.Kb$67B:,%@,.Mb$L 6- A/0}AAAA-@@L( &"-@!&B:,'@@&(b 6- A/A0}AAA-@@L( ^-@@b(' 6- A' A&&"@&67B0}:,%@,.E3 A52"6@(67B:,%@,.E-32 A56.0.00<-@@"( 0} 4-@@<(- A@@eL3INVERTER3R1=$3R2=.3R3=;3GAIN=-L3 *0}***********, @@e@) B,$6-@ @AP AA%)6-0}'A6-%@) A<!A26-P:+%?P,$@,'@< A0<!@26-P:+%?,0}$@,'@< A0&&6-P:+%>P,$A,'A2 6.=:,B:, @267B:,%@,..0$0}6-@A%)6-$A6-&@) AU +-@"@+(VALUE=  )60}-%@!@)6-@ 6-@ !A0@A0P! 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B8'_AVA$((_(ERR0}OR # F:A, ON LINE # F:A,%AV$F:A,:'ZF:A,!A'(2(Your disk drive orM(file is no0}t available.P'Z B@='5(((Please try a different value.+'5 B@B' 6.A6-@$L' 6.B6-@0}$V' 6.G6-@$`' 6.I6-@$j' 6.J6-@$' 6.U6-@$*J 6-6-0}6.D:-67@,.J@@+-)@)@-6-AU$% +E-@)0}@,67<,.>:,0 ;@E @+lAVA$((l(KAdditional information may be found in the 0}users manual and design notes. ++( (+( Press to continue.!+aW%@BDBBBCBCB0}CBDBCBCBCa BP"+-@@($#+-@@($$+$*+ F:B2y,0}@BP/+AdAU4+26-F:Ad,"@W( B2 B>+ F:B2y,"@BH+ B0}`Q+"@'6-R+= 6-6-6-6-'6-3AV= A N+ 6.@ B0}+6-@*N@ + @)-@ @@(HELP IS ON THE WAY4N $@%B@>N BHN 6.Z0}$RN 6.N$\N 6.K$R8 6.D:67@,.8@@R-)@)@-6-AU0}$%RE-@)@,67<,.>:,0 ;@E @&RjAVA$((j(IAdditional infor0}mation may be found in the users manual & design notes.0R+( (+( PRESS TO CONTINUE.:R F:B2y,@0}BPDR F:B2y,@B`NR0AdAU!AV-6-0$ D:H.:R F:B2y,@0cD}The integrating operationalamplifier circuit performs theelectronic equivalent of mathimaticalintegration. The ou4}tput waveform isthe integral of the input waveform.In practice, the integrating op-ampcircuit is difficult to impliment4}because of the non-idealcharacteristics of the circuit'scomponents.egrating op-ampcircuit is difficult to impliment4K;}The resistor value is to large.The value is nearly anopen circuit.Resistor values greater thanthe s8}tandard value, 22E6, are usuallyavoided because they are often noisyand expensive.Please try another value. Youmay8} type for a list of componentvalue ranges which flag errors.oisyand expensive.Please try another value. Youmay8B?}The differential operationalamplifier circuit amplifies thedifference between two input signals.The differential<} op-amp circuitrequires your careful attention tothe design considerations outlinedin your design notes. differential<p }I'm sorry, your entry for valuemakes no sense to me.Remember your entry can containonly numbers. A single lette@}r -E-can be used to indicate exponentialnotation. 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A&6.7@<&@,& AM9+ @H)!@W,*@i*@F*@EI}C APM A7!@ 6-@!6-'6--6-7 B67%@,.>:,"<-@(@I }( ( 2AdAU< A,u-@@ u([PLEASE PUSH THE KEY TO SELECT A COMPONENT. THEN ENTERI } ITS NEW VALUE. -HELP.6<AdAU'A@d9A<$^r-@@ r(WLEGAL VALUI }E CHARACTERS ARE NUMBERS OR THE LETTER E . PLEASE CHECK THE MANUAL FOR h^(MORE INFORMATION.+AdAU=I }A@dOA[6-@^$. 6-6-6-$B:,". AP AAAI }  6-A:, A% 6-A:,2 ) %6-@('2 B2 @) @%6-@I}('2 B2!C")!C"%6-@('2 B B6-+%,'(!B6-@'( I}BK AAdAU&6.8-@(@H( K$X6-@' Bo(>:A%,I}"AA(4A> @P-@@a( NONINVERTINGo( AMPLIFIER<-@@(GAINI}=1-@"@<(=-@@('-@@'( IN %@(-@@(([I}[\ OUT$-@@$( ]`{' |$-@@$( | {' R2 |$$-@@$(  )I}-@@(|.-@@ (8-@@(B-@@(R1L-@@I}(V-@@(`-@@(|j-@@(t-@@(a$~-I}@@(^L 6- A/AAAA-@@L( #-@@(# I}A67B:,%@,.b$67B:,%@,.Kb$67B:,%@,.Mb$L 6- A/AI}AAA-@@L( &"-@"&B:,'@@&(' 6- A' A&&I}"@&67B:,%@,.E3 A52"6@(67B:,%@,.E-32 A56.0.008-@I}@"( 4-@@8( A@@eE3 NONINVERTING3R1=(3R2=43GAIN=I}E3 ************, @@e@) B,$6-@ @AP AA%I})6-'A6-%@) A<!A26-P:+%?P,$@,'@< A0<!@26-P:+%?I},$@,'@< A0&&6-P:+%>P,$A,'A2 6.=:,B:, @267B:,%@,..0I}$6-@A%)6-$A6-&@) AU +-@"@+(VALUE= I} )6-%@!@)6-@ 6-@ !A0@A0P! A0` 8-@"@(R2.-@I}@5(ұ8$ 8-@@(R1.-@"@5(Ҳ8$ A/2$A%@P@@AI }@  F:@ , @ A0b 7%27@  F:@ , @@I!}A0f F:B2y,"@A0 6. $'+ 6.6-!@+ B$'[ + @)AI"}@;-@@[(ERROR ... ONE MOMENT PLEASE.'! $@%B@! B8'_AVA$((_I#}(ERROR # F:A, ON LINE # F:A,%AV$F:A,:'ZF:A,!A'(2(Your disk drive orM(fileI$} is not available.P'Z B@='5(((Please try a different value.+'5 B@B' 6.A6-@$L' 6.B6I%}-@$V' 6.G6-@$`' 6.I6-@$j' 6.J6-@$' 6.U6-@$*J 6-I&}6-6.D:-67@,.J@@+-)@)@-6-AU$% +E-@I'})@,67<,.>:,0 ;@E @+lAVA$((l(KAdditional information may be found iI(}n the users manual and design notes. ++( (+( Press to continue.!+aW%@BDBBBCBCI)}BCBDBCBCBCa BP"+-@@($#+-@@($$+$*+ F:B2I*}y,@BP/+AdAU4+26-F:Ad,"@W( B2 B>+ F:B2y,"@BHI+}+ B`Q+"@'6-R+7 6-6-6-!6--AV7 A N+ 6.@ BI,}+6-@*N@ + @)-@ @@(HELP IS ON THE WAY4N $@%B@>N BHN 6.ZI-}$RN 6.N$\N 6.K$R8 6.D:67@,.8@@R-)@)@-6-AUI.}$%RE-@)@,67<,.>:,0 ;@E @&RjAVA$((j(IAdditional inforI/}mation may be found in the users manual & design notes.0R+( (+( PRESS TO CONTINUE.:R F:B2y,@I0}BPDR F:B2y,@B`NR0AdAU!AV-6-0$ D:L.:R F:B2y,@Hc}The inverting operationalamplifier is one of the most commonlinear amplifiers in use today. Itsgain can be less tM2}han, equal to, orgreater than one. Its inputimpedance is equal to the inputresistor R1. It is a good generalpurposeM3} amplifier., orgreater than one. Its inputimpedance is equal to the inputresistor R1. It is a good generalpurposeL }An error message will bedisplayed whenever an entered valueis less than zero or R<2 or R>22E6 orC<10E-12 or C>1E-6Q5} .An error message will not begenerated for calculated componentvalues.An error message will bedisplayed whenevQ6}er GAIN<0 or GAIN>10K. will not begenerated for calculated componentvalues.An error message will bedisplayed whenevP>}The capacitor value is to large.The value is a virtualswimming pool of electrons.Capacitor values greU8}ater than1E-6 are most often used in powersupply filters; rarely in OP AMPcircuits.Please try another value. YouU9}may type for a list of componentvalue ranges which flag errors.in OP AMPcircuits.Please try another value. YouTECOMPUTER AIDED DESIGN OF OPERATIONALAMPLIFIER CIRCUITSBy David HayesOPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS / CADXXX This program can Y;}aid you in thedesign of most operational amplifier(OP AMP) circuits. Hence its name,Computer Aided Design (CAD). YourcoY<}mputer can now remove the burden ofmaking numerous calculations from yourdesign task. Its spreadsheet-likeoperation allowY=}s you to instantly seethe effects of any circuit changes youmake. If you have an Atari 82580-Column Printer (or just abouY>}tstandard printer Ws attached, you canget a record of your design effort.XXX Although some knowledge of OP AMPcircuit dY?}esign is required, thisprogram should find wide use amongstudents and hobbyists as well asprofessionals. REQUIRED: AtariY@} BASIC languageand minimum 48K memory. OPTIONAL:PrinterXXXLOADING CAD INTO COMPUTER MEMORY Insert the program disk in YA}drive 1,power up the printer if it will beused, and then boot the computer withAtari BASIC enabled. The program willrun YB}automaticaly.MAIN MENU SCREEN After the title screen, the programwill automatically proceed to thefirst menu screen, coYC}ntainingfunctions, commands, and menus.XXX Your computer can provide some HELPat any step along the way. If youwould lYD}ike some help just press the[H] key during normal programoperation. Press [SELECT] to highlight thedifferent circuits liYE}sted on the menu.Press [START] when the circuit youwant is highlighted.XXXDESIGN NOTES Once you make your selection, aYF}design screen will be displayed.Design notes and general circuitinformation follow. If you are a beginner, you may wishYG}to fist review the design exampledescribed in the section labeledSAMPLE APPLICATIONs.XXX If you have a printer but do noYH}t wanta printout of your designs, just turnyour printer off.KEY FUNCTIONS[RESET] - Return control to the mainmenu.[SYI}ELECT] - Selects component to bechanged.[OPTION] - Change circuitconfiguration, if supported.XXX[START] or [RETURN] - YJ}Enters a newvalue for the selected component.Then the program displays the effectof this change.[H] - Display HELP messaYK}ges.[0] through [9] number keys - Used toinput a new component value.XXXBelow are notes on the individual types of circYL}uit:INVERTER OP AMPCircuit Characteristics:1) Gain can be less than, equal to,or greater than one.2) Input impedanYM}ce is equal to R1.Calculated Values:1) R3=R1*R2/(R1+R2)2) GAIN=-R2/R1XXXNON-INVERTING OP AMPCircuit CharacteristicYN}s1) Gain must be greater than one.2) Input impedance is very large.Calculated Values1) GAIN=(R1+R2)/R1XXXSCHMITYO}T TRIGGER/COMPARATORCircuit Characteristics1) Provides rapid output transition.It is most often used as a bufferbetweeYP}n analog and digital circuits.2) This circuit will act as acomparator for values of T less thanone. When T is greater tYQ}han one thenthe circuit will act as a true Schmitttrigger.XXX3) T is typically made much greaterthan one to account foYR}r largevariations in the open loop gain(AOL).Calculated Values1) T=R1*(AOL)/(R1+R2)INTEGRATORXXXCircuit CharacterYS}istics1) The output is equal to the gaintimes the integral of the inputvoltage.Calculated Values1) GAIN=-1/(R1*C1)YT}2) R2=R1XXXDIFFERENTIAL (DIFFERENCE) AMPLIFIERCircuit Characteristics1) Input impedance to V1 is R1, V2R2, and V3 RYU}3.2) R1 must be equal to R3, and R2must be equal to R4 for this circuitto be a true differential amplifier. Ideally, aYV} differential amplifiershould not amplify signals which arenot common to both inputs. However, a1% deviation in any one oYW}f theresistances will cause a largeXXXreduction in its ability to rejectcommon mode signals.Calculated Values1) OUTYX}PUT=((R1+R2)/(R3+R4))*(R4/R1)*V2-R2/R1*V1XXXADDER (SUMMING) AMPLIFIERCircuit Characteristics1) Output is the inverteYY}d sum of allinput signals.Calculated Values1) OUT=-R4*(V1/R1+V2/R2) NOTE: Twoinput option.2) OUT=-R4*(V1/R1+V2/R2+VYZ}3/R3) NOTE:Three input option.XXX3) R5=1/(1/R1+1/R2+1/R4) NOTE: Twoinput option.4) R5=1/(1/R1+1/R2+1/R3+1/R4) NOTE:Y[}Three input option.SAMPLE APPLICATIONLet's design an inverting op ampamplifier circuit...XXXStep 1: [SELECT] the inveY\}rter circuitfrom the main menu. When the wordINVERTER is highlighted, press[START]. The CAD program will loadfrom the dY]}isk and display the selectedcircuit.XXXStep 2: Again, press [SELECT] to seewhich circuit parameters you canmodify. PauY^}se at some component, thenenter a value for it. Your new valueis displayed, and all parametersaffected by your change wilY_}l beupdated. You may wish to consult yourDesign Notes at this point.XXXStep 3: Repeat Step 2 as often asnecessary to gY`}et the right values.Experiment freely. If you make amistake the computer will recover anddisplay an error message. It's Ya}justthat simple.Remember, press [H] for Help. **XXXADVANCED TECHNICAL INFORMATIONThe integrated circuit OP AMP is thYb}eworkhorse of linear amplifiers used inmost audio equipment. Its low costand high performance has made it theamplifier oYc}f choice amongprofessionals, students, and hobbyistsalike. The generic 741 and improvedversions are typical of this groupYd}.XXXMost OP AMPs of 741 quality or bettercan be readily used to construct thecircuits designed with this CADprogram. I Ye}suggest that you consultany of the many good texts andapplication notes for details ofcircuit design and OP AMP selection.Yf}Your local electronics shop probablystocks many of these books.XXXYou may wish to pick up the"Engineer's Mini-Notebook,Yg} Op Amp ICCircuits" by Forrest M. Mims III.This book is available from RadioShack, catalog number 276-5011. It isfilled Yq}bB%DOS SYSB*)DUP SYSBSA BVAUTORUN CADBXB BH[C BD BDOC TXTBEE BFF BG BGG B8H BHH BI BII BJ BK B6L B1LL B4N B7O B::OAMANUAL B:}P B9R BS B5T B(U B>+W BiY BkZ with many excellent examples ofthe 741 and several popular OP AMPS.(Radio Shack also sells the 741 OP AMP.)XXXResistorsYr} and capacitors come inindustry standard sizes. The programwill accept standard and non-standardvalues. However, you mayYs} havedifficulty building your circuit withnon-standard component values. So,for your reference, the standard(common) valYt}ues are noted below.XXXSTANDARD COMPONENT VALUESRESISTORSOHMS OHMS OHMS OHMS OHMS OHMS OHMS2.2 20 180 1.6K 15K 1Yu}30K 1.2M2.4 22 200 1.8K 16K 150K 1.3M2.7 24 220 2.0K 18K 160K 1.5M3.0 27 240 2.2K 20K 180K 1.6M3.3 30 2Yv}70 2.4K 22K 200K 1.8M3.6 33 300 2.7K 24K 220K 2.0M3.9 36 330 3.0K 27K 240K 2.2M4.3 39 360 3.3K 30K 270K 2Yw}.4M4.7 43 390 3.6K 33K 300K 2.7M5.1 47 430 3.9K 36K 330K 3.0MXXX5.6 51 470 4.3K 39K 360K 3.3M6.2 56 5Yx}10 4.7K 43K 390K 3.6M6.8 62 560 5.1K 47K 430K 3.9M7.5 68 620 5.6K 51K 470K 4.3M8.2 75 680 6.2K 56K 510K 4Yy}.7M9.1 82 750 6.8K 62K 560K 5.1M10 91 820 7.5K 68K 620K 5.6M11 100 910 8.2K 75K 680K 6.2M12 110 1.0K 9Yz}.1K 82K 750K 6.8M13 120 1.1K 10K 91K 820K 7.5M15 130 1.2K 11K 100K 910K 8.2M16 150 1.3K 12K 110K 1.0M 9.1M1Y{}8 160 1.5K 13K 120K 1.1M 10MXXXCAPACITORSFARAD FARAD FARAD FARAD10pf 100pf 4.7nf 100nf22pf Y|}220pf 10nf 220nf39pf 330pf 22nf 330nf47pf 470pf 33nf 470nf68pf 1.0nf 47nfnf22pf Xq MESSHELHELPFNSSSIZERMR1IR2IR1R2DUMENTRYH1H2H3CCRRRGAISEKEDUR1R2R3GAINERR]~}GSIPCHRINPRO ]}]} !"#$%&'()*+ ]}B$6-F:A,%@.+8 @JAA(\Ah6-t6-@@]}K: @ Z@@d'B7t@d9A@KAR@WAVZ$GG;]}AP,;@,;@,;@,;@,;@,-3-@@%( INTEGRATING3( AMPLIFIERdW6-B]}6-B'6-<36-A?6-E6-K6-Q6-W6-n B Ax F:B2y,@]}A 9AdAU'A@d9A26-F:Ad,"@W( B2 AI5AU]})F:B2y,"@)F:B2y,"@? AI A0,F:B2y,"@" A0, A A@26]}-F:Ad,"@W( B2 A,F:B2y,"@" A0, A6""@)F:B2y,"@, ]}A6 AAUAP F:B2y,@A A A-"@9)"@`# A]}P- A)@ 6-B:, A&Av @6. A&6.7@<&@,& ]}AM9+ @H)!@W,*@i*@F*@EC APM A=!@ 6-@!6-'6--]}6-36-= B67%@,.>:,"<-@(@( ( 2AdAU< A,u-@@ ]}u([PLEASE PUSH THE KEY TO SELECT A COMPONENT. THEN ENTER ITS NEW VALUE. -HELP.6<AdAU'A]}@d9A<$^r-@@ r(WLEGAL VALUE CHARACTERS ARE NUMBERS OR THE LETTER E . PLEASE CHEC]}K THE MANUAL FOR h^(MORE INFORMATION.+AdAU=A@dOA[6-@^$4 6-6]}-6-6-*B:,"4 AP AAA  6-A:, A% 6-A:,( ]}6-@'( B( @6-@'( B(!C"6-@'( B% :6-]}@% B%!=6-@% B B 6-6-@'+$,(!B6-@']}( BK AAdAU&6.8-@(@H( K$X6-@' Bn(>:A%]},"AA(4A> @P-@@`( INTEGRATINGn( AMPLIFIER<-@@(GA]}IN=1-@"@<(=5-@@(R1.-@!@5(C13-@@3(IN  ]} &-@@&( | |&-@@&( |  |&-@@&( ]@ |]}$*-@ @*([[\ OUT."-@@"(%`{'8 -@@  (| {'B-@@]}(L-@@(V-@@(R2`-@@(j-@@(~]}-@@(-@@(a$-@@(^L 6- A/AAA]}A-@@L( 0"-@&B:,'@@&(0 A67B:,%@,.b$67B:,%@]},.Kb$67B:,%@,.Mb$L 6- A/AAAA-@@L( -@]}@(z 6- A:O:,&@AAAL-@@W( v-@"&B:,'@]}@z( A 67B:,%@,.uF$67B:,%@,.nF$67B:,%@,.pF$' 6- ]}A' A&&"@&67B:,%@,.E3 A52"6@(67B:,%@,.E-32 A5]}6.0.00<-@@"( 4-@@<(- A@@eN3 INTEGRATO]}R3R1=&3R2=03C1==3GAIN=-N3 ************, @@e@) B,$6-@]} @AP AA%)6-'A6-%@) A<!A26-P:+%?P,$@,']}@< A0<!@26-P:+%?,$@,'@< A0&&6-P:+%>P,$A,'A2 6.=:]},B:, @267B:,%@,..0$6-@A%)6-$A6-&@) AU]} +-@"@+(VALUE=  )6-%@!@)6-@ 6-@ !A0@A0P! ]}A0` 8-@!@(C1.-@@5(ұ8$ 8-@@(R1.-@!@5(ñ8$ A/2]}$A%@P@@A@  F:@ , @ A0b 7%2]}7@  F:@ , @@A0f F:B2y,"@A0 6. $'+ 6.6-!]}@+ B$'[ + @)A@;-@@[(ERROR ... ONE MOMENT PLEASE.'! $@%B]}@! B8'_AVA$((_(ERROR # F:A, ON LINE # F:A,%AV$F:A,:'ZF:A]},!A'(2(Your disk drive orM(file is not available.P'Z B@='5(((Please try a different value.+'5 B]}@B' 6.A6-@$L' 6.B6-@$V' 6.G6-@$`' 6.I6-@$j' 6.J6-@]}$t' 6.O6-@$~' 6.S6-@$' 6.U6-@$*J 6-6-6.D:-67@]},.J@@+-)@)@-6-AU$% +E-@)@,67<,.>:,]}0 ;@E @+lAVA$((l(KAdditional information may be found in the users manual and design]} notes. ++( (+( Press to continue.!+aW%@BDBBBCBCBCBDBCB]}CBCa BP"+-@@(6$#+-@@($$+$*+ F:B2y,@BP/+A]}dAU4+26-F:Ad,"@W( B2 B>+ F:B2y,"@BH+ B`Q+"@]}'6-R+= 6-6-6-6-'6-3AV= A N+ 6.@ B+6-@*N@ +]} @)-@ @@(HELP IS ON THE WAY4N $@%B@>N BHN 6.Z$RN 6.N$\N ]}6.K$R8 6.D:67@,.8@@R-)@)@-6-AU$%RE-@]})@,67<,.>:,0 ;@E @&RjAVA$((j(IAdditional information may be found ]}in the users manual & design notes.0R+( (+( PRESS TO CONTINUE.:R F:B2y,@BPDR F:B2y]},@B`NR0AV!AdAU-6-0$ D:P1:R F:B2y,@BPDR F:B2y\N~ERHELMR1IR2IR1R2DUMENTRYHELPFNERRMESSCCRRRGAISER1R2R3GAINKEDUPSSSIZGSITa}AAOHRINPRO a}a} !"#$%&'()*+,a} B$6-F:A,%@.+8 @JAA(\Ah6-t6-@a}@K: @ Z@@d'B7t@d9A@KAR@WAVZ$a}GG;AP,;@,;@,;@,;@,;@,-F-@@!(SCHMITT-(TRIGGER7( ORa}F( COMPARATORdW6-A6-A'6-BP36-C?6-E6-K6-Q6-W6-n B Aa}x F:B2y,@A 9AdAU'A@d9A26-F:Ad,"@W( Ba}2 AI5AU)F:B2y,"@)F:B2y,"@? AI A0,F:B2y,"@" A0, Aa} A@26-F:Ad,"@W( B2 A,F:B2y,"@" A0, A6""@a})F:B2y,"@, A6 AAUAP F:B2y,@A A A-a}"@9)"@`# AP- A)@ 6-B:, A&Av @6. A&6a}.7@<&@,& AM9+ @H)!@W,*@i*@F*@EC APM A=!@ a}6-@!6-'6--6-36-= B67%@,.>:,"<-@(@( ( 2AdAU< Aa},u-@@ u([PLEASE PUSH THE KEY TO SELECT A COMPONENT. THEN ENTER ITS NEW VALUE. -HELP.6<a}AdAU'A@d9A<$^r-@@ r(WLEGAL VALUE CHARACTERS ARE NUMBERS OR THEa} LETTER E . PLEASE CHECK THE MANUAL FOR h^(MORE INFORMATION.+AdAU=A@dOA[a}6-@^$4 6-6-6-6-*B:,"4 AP AAA A" 6-A:, a}A% 6-A:, A% 6-A:,2 ) %6-@('2 B2 @) @%6-@a}('2 B2!C")!C"%6-@('2 B2)!D%6-@ ('2 B Ba}6-$'+%,K AAdAU&6.8-@(@H( K$X6-@' Ba}r(>:A%,"AA(4A> @P-@@\(SCHMITTh(TRIGGERr( OR( COMPAa}RATORT-@@(T=.-@"@9(=K-@@T(AOL=-@@('-@a}@'( IN ]@(-@@(([[\ OUT$-@@$( %`{' |$-@@a}$( | {' R2 |$$-@@$(  )-@@(|.-@@ (8-@@a}(B-@@(R1L-@@(V-@@(`-@@(|ja}-@@(t-@@(a$~-@@(^L 6- A/AAAa}A-@@L( #-@@(# A67B:,%@,.b$67B:,%@,.Kb$a}67B:,%@,.Mb$L 6- A/AAAA-@@L( &"-@"&B:,'@a}@&(:-@@$( 6-@@:(5 6- A  6@+6.0.005 A5a}2"6@(67B:,%@,.E-32 A5)A#A$A%) A5$67B:,%@,.E3a}$67B:,%@,.E6$7-@@!( 3-@@7( Ap@eH3a}SCHMITT3R1=#3R2=,3T=73AOL=H3 ************, @@e@) B,$6-@a} @AP AA%)6-'A6-%@) A<!A26-P:+%?P,$@a},'@< A0<!@26-P:+%?,$@,'@< A0&&6-P:+%>P,$A,'A2 6a}.=:,B:, @267B:,%@,..0$6-@A%)6-$A6-&@) Aa}U +-@"@+(VALUE=  )6-%@!@)6-@ 6-@ )A0@A0Pa}A0U) A0` 9-@@(AOL/-@@6(ұ9$ 8-@@(R1.-@"@5(a}Ҳ8$ 9-@"@(R2.-@@6(9$ A/2$A%@P@@A@ a} F:@ , @ A0b 7%27@  F:@ , @@A0fa} F:B2y,"@A0 6. $'+ 6.6-!@+ B$'[ + @)A@a};-@@[(ERROR ... ONE MOMENT PLEASE.'! $@%B@! B8'_AVA$((_(ERROR # a}F:A, ON LINE # F:A,%AV$F:A,:'ZF:A,!A'(2(Your disk drive orM(file is not avaa}ilable.P'Z B@='5(((Please try a different value.+'5 B@L' 6.B6-@$V' 6.G6-@$a}`' 6.I6-@$j' 6.J6-@$' 6.U6-@$' 6.D6-@$*J 6-6-a}6.D:-67@,.J@@+-)@)@-6-AU$% +E-@)@a},67<,.>:,0 ;@E @+lAVA$((l(KAdditional information may be found in the usersa} manual and design notes. ++( (+( Press to continue.!+i_%@BDBBBCBCBCa}BDBCBCBCBBi BP"+-@@($#+-@@($$+$*+ F:B2ya},@BP/+AdAU4+26-F:Ad,"@W( B2 B>+ F:B2y,"@BH+ a} B`Q+"@'6-R+= 6-6-6-6-'6-3AV= A N+ 6.@ Ba}+6-@*N@ + @)-@ @@(HELP IS ON THE WAY4N $@%B@>N BHN 6.a}Z$RN 6.N$\N 6.K$R8 6.D:67@,.8@@R-)@)@-6-a}AU$%RE-@)@,67<,.>:,0 ;@E @&RjAVA$((j(IAdditional ina}formation may be found in the users manual & design notes.0R+( (+( PRESS TO CONTINUE.:R F:B2y,@a}BPDR F:B2y,@B`NR0AdAU!AV-6-0$ D:R.:R F:B2y,@`f7}The capacitor value is to small.The value is nearlynothing.Capacitor values less than10E-12 are ofte}en swamped by othercircuit capacitances and are rarelyused in OP AMP circuits.Please try another value. Youmay type}e for a list of componentvalue ranges which flag errors. in OP AMP circuits.Please try another value. Youmay typd>NgrHELINVINVINONNONISCHSCHIITITIFFIAAILPLPIHPHPIBPBPINONOIFIRFIRISECSECIHELPFNMENMENIi}MESSDIFDIFISEKESSSSSIZNMCCDDIHi} i} !"#$%&'i}()*+,-./01234Op Amp Cad by Dai}vid Hayes (c) 1989, Antic Publishing * AF:A,&@* AT  @ @N@@di}'B7t@d9A@KAR@N$-@@1(@COMPUTER AIDEDC-@@i}Z(@ DESIGN OFl-@@(@-@@*(@REV 1.0<-@i}@Q(@4/24/89c-@(@(c) Antic Publishingz-@@/(@ DAVID HAYESi}R( In memory of my mother:U(z( MARIE AGNUS (HARDEN) HAYES6-;@ ,;@ ,;@i},;@,;@,;@,;@,;@,;@,;@,;@,;@,<<;@,;@i},;@ ,;@ ,;AP,/ A AT+-@/ }-@@2(@FOR i} TYPE D-@@Y(@ANYTIMEk@ }AdAU#6. MAIN MENU#6.  #6.j} INVERTING#6. ")6. NONINVERTING)6. $/6.SCHMITT TRIGGER/6.&%6. j}INTEGRATOR%6. (-6.DIFFERENTIATOR-6.*6.ADDER6.,,F:Ad,"@W"j} AV, @H. F:@ , A@@D0 AT6-2 @4 F:B2y,@@R6 j} @X8 @:AdAU<`A@d'A66-F:Ad,B"@WL AVV ATj}` @P>IIAU)F:B2y,"@)+F:B2y,"@*",@p@**F:B2y,"@*!A@j}B"F:B2y,"@" AD @`Faa(XPLEASE PUSH THE KEY TO SELECT A CIRCUIT. THEN PUSH THE j} KEY TO CONTINUE.HAA(8 YOU MAY TYPE THE LETTER IF YOU NEED HELP... ANYTIME.JAdAULZA@dj}'A<F:Ad,"@WF AVP ATZ @VN>"F:B2y,"@*!4AdAUj}> A@P F:B2y,"@@VR @vT!@VB(@>:A%,+-@B(j }@ X`-@@"(@4-@@A(@S-@@`(@Z`-@j }@"(@4-@@A(@S-@@`(@\D$(} A CIRCUIT'(j }D( THEN ^l!C@AAAAAU-@l(@j } MAIN MENU`$b%-@@"(@%$d%-@@"(@%$f%-@@"(@j }%$h%-@@"(@%$j%-@@"(@%$l%-@@"(@%$n,-@j},(@ MAIN MENUp)6-%@!@)6-@rG 6-=AAA A"A$j}A&G A(tD-@@"(@4-@@A(@D$vD-@@"(@4j}-@@A(@D$xD-@@"(@4-@@A(@D$zD-@@"(j}@4-@@A(@D$|D-@@"(@4-@@A(@D$~D-@j}@"(@4-@@A(@D$A/2$@ %@P@@A@  j}F:@ , @ A07%27@  F:@ , @@A4 F:B2j}y,"@A$A AAABADAFAHAPAR %D:H %D:L %D:Rj} %D:P %D:W %D:Ct +@AA1A ACAAUAAgAj}Aq @t$ 6.+ @0-@ @BAR@Y(HELP IS ON THE WAYe6-@j}o A $@%A`@ At 6.EE$ 6.LL$ 6.FF$ 6.GG$ 6.j}HH$ 6.II$ 6.Y$b 6.D:67@,.8@@E)@R)@b6-Aj}U$%E-@)@,67<,.>:,0 ;@E @X( (X(IAdditional information may be fouj}nd in the users manual & design notes.+( (+( PRESS TO CONTINUE. F:B2y,@A F:Bj}2y,@A. 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PLEASE CHECK THE MANUAL FOR h^(MORE INFORMATION.+AdAU=A@dOAr=}[6-@^$@ 6-6-6-6-!6-'6-6B:,"@ AP A''AA r>}A"A$ 6-A:, A% 6-A:, A% 6-A:, A% 6-A:,F- ) ) r?}) 96-@<'F BF- @) @) @) @96-@<'F BF-!C"r@})!C")!C")!C"96-@<'F B B 6-'6-+%,'+%,$'5O:,!B)!BrA}(6-@+'5 BK AAdAU&6.8-@(@H( K$X6-@' BrB}a(>:A%,"AA(4A> @P-@"@ a( DIFFERENTIAL#-@"@#rC}( AMPLIFIER;-@@(OUT=0-@"@;(=-@ @(R2#-@@#( rD} #-@@#( | |&-@@&( R1 |  |1-@@1(V1  ]rE}@ |$5-@@5(IN R3 [[\ OUT..-@@.(V2  %`{'8-@@ rF}(| {'B-@@(L-@@(V-@@(R4`-@@(jrG}-@@(t-@@(|~-@@(-@@(a$-@@rH}(^L 6- A/AAAA-@@L( 0"-@&B:,'@@&(0rI} A67B:,%@,.b$67B:,%@,.Kb$67B:,%@,.Mb$L 6- A/ArJ}AAA-@@L( &"-@!&B:,'@@&(o 6- A/AAArK}A-@@ L( k-@&B:,'@@ o(b 6- A/AAAA-@rL}@L( ^-@@b(_ 6- A A@/-@@?( Q-@@_rM}(-*V1i 6- A A@/-@@?( Q-@@_(+*V2i A+"rN}6@(67B:,%@,.E-3+$ 6@6.0.00$)"@&67B:,%@,.E3)$$ ArO}@e<3 DIFFERENTIAL3R1=(3R2=23R3=<3R4=/3V OUT=6V1+V2/3 ************rP}, @@e@) B,$6-@ @AP AA%)6-'A6rQ}-%@) A<!A26-P:+%?P,$@,'@< A0<!@26-P:+%?,$@,'rR}@< A0&&6-P:+%>P,$A,'A2 6.=:,B:, @267B:,%@,..0$6-rS}@A%)6-$A6-&@) AU +-@"@+(VALUE=  )6-%@rT}!@)6-@ 6-@ 1'A0@A0PA0RA0T1 A0` 8-@@(R4.-@rU}@5(ұ8$ 8-@@(R1.-@ @5(Ҳ8$ 8-@ @(R2.-@ @5(rV}ҳ8$ 8-@ @(R3.-@@5(Ҵ8$ A/2$A%@P@@A@ rW} F:@ , @ A0b 7%27@  F:@ , @@A0f rX}F:B2y,"@A0 6. $'+ 6.6-!@+ B$'[ + @)A@rY};-@@[(ERROR ... ONE MOMENT PLEASE.'! $@%B@! B8'_AVA$((_(ERROR # F:rZ}A, ON LINE # F:A,%AV$F:A,:'ZF:A,!A'(2(Your disk drive orM(file is not availar[}ble.P'Z B@='5(((Please try a different value.+'5 B@B' 6.A6-@$L' 6.B6-@$V'r\} 6.G6-@$`' 6.I6-@$j' 6.J6-@$' 6.U6-@$*J 6-6-6r]}.D:-67@,.J@@+-)@)@-6-AU$% +E-@)@r^},67<,.>:,0 ;@E @+lAVA$((l(KAdditional information may be found in the users mar_}nual and design notes.+!"@6-!!6- ++( (+( Press to continue.!+aW%@BDBr`}BBCBCBCBDBCBCBCa BP"+-@@(6$#+-@@(ra}$$+$*+ F:B2y,@BP/+AdAU4+26-F:Ad,"@W( B2 B>+ F:B2yrb},"@BH+ B`Q+"@'6-R+I 6-6-6-6-!6-'6-36-?AVrc}I A N+ 6.@ B+6-@*N@@7GRAPHICS 0:GOAUB 4 :POSITION 9,10:? "HELP IS ON THE WAY"4N $rd}@%B@>N BHN 6.Z$RN 6.N$\N 6.K$R8 6.D:67@,.8@@re}R-)@)@-6-AU$%RE-@)@,67<,.>:,0 ;@E @&RjAVrf}A$((j(IAdditional information may be found in the users manual & design notes.0R+( (+( PRESS rg} TO CONTINUE.:R F:B2y,@BPDR F:B2y,@B`NR0AdAU!AV-6-0$rh} D:W1:R F:B2y,@BPDR F:B2y,@B`NR0AdAU!AV-6-0$p }The operational amplifier adderperforms the electronic equivalentof mathimatical addition. The outputwaveform is vj}the sumation of two ormore input waveforms. This programwill support the design of two andthree signal adders.rm is tw}The circuit shown can bemodified by changing selectedcomponent values. You may select acomponent by pushing the zl} key.After you have made a selection, youcan enter its new value. Finally,you must push the or key zm}to continue.HAPPY COMPUTING!election, youcan enter its new value. Finally,you must push the or key x#