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Welcome to the first issue of 1993 - a year in which the Atari 8-$}Bit will go from strength to strength! Apologies for the late release (14th Jan) - I've been swamped with University essays $}this last three weeks. There are lot's of articles and programs for you to enjoy this time. Here are the details:SIDE A ($}BOOT WITH BASIC) There are 15 text articles this time. These include all the regular columns as well as two new ones - $}Software Scene and Hints & Cheats. There is also an article on program protection and a competiton. Enjoy!Gumballs T%}his is an excellent puzzle game in which you battle with the computer to leave the last gumball in the bowl. Always think tw%}o steps ahead!Munchy Madness (Quest For Hearts) I have finally managed to obtain this cult 8-Bit game which was progra%}mmed by Paul Lay for Page 6. I just had to put it on the disk! It's like Pac-Man meets Rockford. You must try to collect a%}ll the hearts and find the exit to the next level before your time limit expires. Great fun!SIDE B (BOOT WITH BASIC)Des%}kTop V1.5 Just wait until you see this one! DeskTop V1.5 is a top quality GOS windows environment for the Atari 8-Bit w%}hich has been released as ShareWare. Disk functions, text viewer, art program, memos, etc. A truly outstanding piece of sof%}tware! When the arrow cursor appears use a joystick to move it over 'HELP' on the drop-down menu bar at the top of the s%}creen. Press the button to select it and choose one of the help files. Here you will find full details on how to use DeskTo%}p V1.5. I've renamed the original DeskTop AUTORUN.SYS file 'AUTODESK.SYS'. If you want to move DeskTop V1.5 onto a boot dis% }k of your own just move all the DeskTop files and rename AUTODESK.SYS 'AUTORUN.SYS'. If you want to go staight to the ot% }her programs on Side B before learning about DeskTop V1.5 just follow these four simple steps:1) Select the 'FILE' drop-dow% }n menu;2) Select 'LIST';3) Select the program you wish to run;4) Select 'RUN' (if the program is a binary file you must se% }lect 'BASIC OFF' when prompted).Flip A fun little puzzle game in which you must turn the dark square to light. You c% }an alter the amount of your starting black squares by selecting the Atari logo. Select the running man square to begin play.%} Try to use only the required amount of moves before your time runs out. If you mastered Quadromania XL on Futura 3 you'll %}be ready for Flip!Visdom Demo This German demo shows the graphics power of the Atari 8-Bit. Press SELECT on the intro%} screen for the main demo and then sit back and enjoy!Master Blazer (2 players) This game is a great PD version of Bal%}lblazer by Activision. Instead of looking out from your ship you have a birds-eye view of the arena. Push your joystick for%}ward to move the ship and use left and right to change course. Touch the ball to catch it. Pull back on the joystick to fir%}e the ball at the moving goals. You can alter the time limit whilst at the title screen. An all-action 2-player arcade batt%}le!Calendar Just follow the on-screen prompts. Use a standard sheet of A4 paper to print out your calendar. You can %}also select special dates which will be emphasized on the printout.Conversion Program Finally a program which works ou%}t all manner of conversions for you. No longer will you need to use your diary and a calculator - just let the computer do i%}t for you. CP gives you dozens of conversions within easy to use menus.ARS Maker Auto-Run System Maker is a no-nonsen%}se program which allows you to autorun BASIC programs. Just enter the name of your program at the prompt - remember to take %}your Futura disk out of the drive! Well, there you have it - another wide selection of reading material and programs. &y}FUTURA EDITORIAL - Issue #5by S.J.Murray, NOSAUG.The Public Domain Futurians often ask me where I get the PD softwa)}re featured on each issue of Futura. Within this editorial I will share some of my sources with you and examine the importan)}ce of PD software for the future of the Atari 8-Bit. The most obvious means of getting your hands on the best PD is to p)}urchase it from a PD Library. There are many of these for the Atari 8-Bit: Page 6, Bellcom, BaPAUG, ABBUC PD, LAPD, Ol'Hacke)}rs PD, NOSAUG PD, etc. Many PD Libraries offer hundreds of disks packed with top quality PD. A great source of top qua)}lity PD software is the disk magazine. There are still dozens of great disk magazines for the Atari 8-Bit, including Futura ) }(what's that!?), M.A.G.I.C., Ol'Hackers, Top Magazine, Mega Mag, Zong, Page 6, A.I.M., ABBUC, Excel, Pokey, etc. Even the di)!}sk mags which are sadly no longer with us can offer a rich source of PD. These include Antic, Start, Analog, Compute!, Aladd)"}in, Atari User, Inside Info, etc. Another source of PD is the contact. If you decide to write to fellow 8-Bitters you c)#}an swap PD software with them and gain access to their collection. Many contacts = many collections = lots of PD. I write t)$}o Atarians all over the world and enjoy swapping PD software with them - it's also great fun swapping letters and presents. )%}Check out the Contact column in Page 6. The most important source of PD is that written by yourself. If you have the ab)&}ility (and time!) to write software for release into the public domain you can gain recognition all over the world. You also)'} help to keep the Atari 8-Bit alive by providing it with new software. If you are a member of a user group why not suggest a)(} joint project? Public domain software has become the main source of software for the Atari 8-Bit. It now commands abou))}t 95% of all software releases. Only KE-Soft, Avalon, Tiger Developments and a few others are still releasing software comme)*}rcially. Although there are currently thousands of PD titles in circulation for the Atari 8-Bit these need to be supported w)+}ith new releases. Go for it! If you release your program as Shareware you may gain some rewards for your efforts. I've tho),}roughly enjoyed producing the first few issues of Futura and although I haven't made much money from them I have made a lot o)-}f new friends. I also feel I've done my part in keeping the 8-Bit going. The PD software featured on previous issues of).} Futura has come from a variety of sources. Here are a few examples:SpeedScript - Best of Compute! 1987.To Kill A Commodo)/}re - Page 6 PD75.How To Meet Cows - Aladdin 3/87.Atari Drum Machine - Pokey, 10/90.Sound Monitor Professional - ABBUC PD.)0}Triple Crown Racing - Aladdin, 3/87.3D Tetris - ABBUC 29.I.B.C. - RACC PD.Jane's Program - AU, in Inside Info.Shop Stewar)1}d - Atari Computing 1. Most of the other titles were gained from my 8-Bit contacts. Thanx to Dave, Sean, Michael, Bill )2}and Kevin. Well, there you have it. Check the InfoFile on this disk for the addresses of NOSAUG, Page 6, BaPAUG, Excel,)3} LAPD, etc. Here are a few others worth mentioning:Stichting Pokey,Postbus 798,3100 At Schiedam,Holland.ABBUC,Wolfga)4}ng Burger,Weschenbeck 45,4352 Herten,Germany.Top Magazin,c/o T.Geuther,Alfred-Reinhardt-Str-73A,0-4073 Halle (Saale),)5}Germany.Ol'Hackers Atari User Group,c/o Alex Pignato, Pres.,3376 Ocean Harbor Dr.,Oceanside,New York 11572,USA. )6}The support of these and all those mentioned in the InfoFile is vital for the survival of the Atari 8-Bit through the 1990s. )7} Please support as many as possible. Even if your orders are small they will be much appreciated.Sound Monitor Professio)8}nal Docs I have just received ABBUC's full documentation for Sound Monitor Professional on Futura #2. Unfortunately, it)9} is in German and requires a translation. Can anyone out there translate from German to English? If you can, please get in ):}touch and I'll send you a printout of the German text file. If nobody can help I'll try requesting a translation from ABBUC );}themselves. Look out for further details on Futura 6. I have also obtained some more SMP .SNG files. Look out for these on)<} Futura 6 or 7. Thanx & Greetinx Did you see the excellent review of Futura in Page 6 NAU #59? I was well chuffed! )=} It's always good to see that others appreciate all your efforts. Thanx and greetinx go out to all at Page 6 and to all new )>}Futurians who have placed orders with me after reading the review. You've made a wise decision.Futura - Full Speed Ahead)?}! Futura has developed a considerable amount since the first issue last May. New columns such as 8-Bit News, VCS Futura)@}, Hints & Cheats and Software Scene have been added along the way. There are now over 400 sectors of literature on each disk)A}. That's about 35-40 printed pages! The software has kept flowing too - Futura #4 had 17 top quality programs! Since t)B}he first issue I have strived to include obscure PD titles rather than the usual Antic and Analog classics found on many othe)C}r disk mags. Top quality programs such as SpeedScript, Cyrtabor, Atari Drum Machine, Sound Monitor Professional, Think & Wor)D}k, Laser Demo, 3D Tetris, Triple Crown Racing, Multi-File Copy II, Manager 3003, My Jong, etc. have been included on Futura i)E}ssues 1-4. This issue continues this trend with the amazing DeskTop 1.5, Gumballs, Flip, Visdom Demo, etc. Many Futurians h)F}ave cited their desire for such obscure titles as their main reason for subscribing. If you have purchased this issue of)G} Futura from your local PD Library or have received it from one of your contacts please feel free to enjoy it and pass it on )H}to others. However, I would be most grateful if you would consider purchasing the next issue (or some back issues) directly )I}from NOSAUG. Issue #6 (March/April 1993) will be available from March 1st onwards priced 1.95 on disk (cheques/POs payable )J}to S.J.Murray). Issues 1-4 are also 1.95 each. A six-issue disk subscription is only 11.00. By ordering Futura direct fr)K}om me you will receive it approximately six weeks before it is released to the PD Libraries, e.g.-Futura #6 (from NOSAUG) )L}- March 1st.Futura #6 (PD Libraries) - April 14th. Your support is also crucial to the survival and development of Futu)M}ra as it goes into its second year. I receive no money from PD Libraries for the sale of Futura and therefor rely solely on )N}direct orders. Please carefully consider such an order. Why not send it now? You can order Futura from: S.J.Murray, NOSAU)O}G, 71 Walker Road, Torry, Aberdeen AB1 3DL, Scotland. For full details on Futura check out the FUTURA.DOC file within this i)P}ssue.See Ya! Well, that's it for another Futura Editorial. Enjoy #5! Influences for this issue include: Ice Cube,)Q} MC Serch, Aberdeen FC, Citizen 120D+, Atari Classics, VCS Connection, Hypnotic Land, Page 6, DeskTop 1.5, Kick Off 2, Showbi)R}z & AG, Ol'Hackers, Man Utd, Replay 16, and the great Miles Davis.All the best for 1993!Stu.kTop 1.5, Kick Off 2, Showbi(a8-BIT NEWS - JAN/FEB 1993.By S.J.Murray.* A new disk-based gaming magazine has been released for the Atari 8-bit. Call-T}ed CLASSIC 8-BIT ATARI, it will feature four games on each disk. There will be no reviews or columns - it is intended as an -U}entertainment resource which will allow users to share their programs with other users. For a sample disk, send $5 to: James-V} Catalano, Classic 8-Bit Atari, Artacyis Publications, 639 W.Grace, Suite 336, Chicago, IL 60613.* The Tyne & Wear Atari-W} User Group are to release their first newsletter around the middle of January. Issue 1 is available for 1.50 (all further i-X}ssues will be 1.95). Send to: TWAUG, P.O.Box 8, Wallsend, Tyne & Wear NE28 6DQ.* Page 6 New Atari User Issue 60 will be-Y} avaiable from January 28th onwards. Make sure you remember to send for your copy - check the InfoFile for details.* Ti-Z}ger Developments have released a new game entitled LIZARD. It is a horizontal-scrolling Zybex clone with added puzzle-solvin-[}g. Price is only 4.99. See InfoFile for address.* Creative Media Store Ltd. in Pershore, Worcs offer a full range of -\}computer supplies at incredible prices. They sell just about every kind of continuous label you could want as well as disk c-]}leaning kits, printer stands, screen filters, heat-transfer products, etc. Printer ribbons are also offered at crazy pric-^}es, e.g. 6 x Star LC10 ribbons for 9.49 (thats 1.58 each!) plus P&P. Dozens of other printers are supported. You can o-_}rder these supplies from:Creative Media Store Ltd.,Salters Lane,Lower Moor,Pershore,Worcs.,WR10 2PE,England.Tel: (0-`}386) 861199Fax: (0386) 556555* Atari Interface Magazine (AIM) are currently offering a free trial issue of their excell-a}ent 8-Bit/ST magazine. Send for your free copy to:Atari Interface Magazine,Unicorn Publications,3487 Braeburn Circle,An-b}n Arbor,MI 48108,U.S.A. Remember to mention their ad in Atari Classics.* You may remember that I expressed my con-c}cern in Futura 3 about the uncertain future of the City BBS. Well, Futura reader Terry Chamberlain has been kind enough to d-d}rop me a line detailing the current status of the City: It is currently alive and well. It was off the air for a while i-e}n the autumn of 1992 due to some hardware failures but is now operating again. The sysop, James Bastable, is currently in th-f}e middle of a major rewrite of the BBS software, and he hopes to be online soon with much improved facilities. Thanks Ter-g}ry for this most welcome news. I can now once again begin to consider the purchase of a modem - not so welcome news for my b-q}b%DOS SYSb)AUTORUN SYSb!+MENU bLVIEWDOCSBASb"cGUMBALLSBASbGB b GR15 bFILL bMMUNCHY OBJb INTRO DOCb9EDITOR DOCbSNEWS DOCb(sBASIC4 DOCb(SOFTWAREDOCb HINTS DOCb6PROTECT DOCbPROTECT1BASb TRIVIA DOCbDIAMOND DOCb/COMP DOCb%5VCS DOCb ZBARGAINSDOCb gCASSPD DOCb pFUTURA DOCbzINFOFILEDOCb PICLOADRBASb/FUTURA5 PICBNOTICE DOCank balance. Ah well, there goes the Saab 900i and the Caribbean holiday. If only!That's all the 8-Bit News for this iss-r}ue!balance. Ah well, there goes the Saab 900i and the Caribbean holiday. If only!That's all the 8-Bit News for this iss,Inside Atari Basic (Part 4)by Bill CarrisMORE KEY INFORMATIONThe Magic of the CONTROL Key Once you learn how to us1t}e the CONTROL key you can really get control of your computer display. The CONTROL key is always held down while pressing an1u}other key. For instant gratification, hold down the CONTROL key and press the [2] key. This section is going to concent1v}rate on using the CONTROL key for editing programs and changing your screen display. Remember, when you see [CONTROL] you sh1w}ould hold the control key while pressing the other key. Use the following steps in order to:A. Move the cursor (screen1x} marker) without changing the text on the screen.B. Insert and delete words and spaces.(1) Start by typing a program lin1y}e. 10 PRINT "HELLO JOHN"(2) Now press the following... [CONTROL] [-] until you have put the cursor back on top of 1z}the 1.(3) Now press [CONTROL] and hold the [*] key down until the cursor is on the top of the J in JOHN. If you went too f1{}ar you can use [CONTROL] [+] to back up or keep going with [CONTROL] [*] and let the cursor wrap around the screen. Notice t1|}hat your program line remains intact. It would have been wiped out if you had not been holding the [CONTROL] key down.(4) 1}}Release the [CONTROL] key when making your changes. With the cursor on top of the J, take your finger off the [CONTROL] key1~} and change JOHN to MARY. Press [RETURN] and the change is completed.(5) Now, use the [CONTROL] and arrow keys as before o1}nly this time stop between HELLO and MARY.(6) Press the [CONTROL] and the [INSERT] key on the top row of the keyboard. Spr1}ead the words out by inserting spaces - even down to the next line if you want. You can hold [CONTROL] and [INSERT] down to 1}insert a lot of spaces.(7) Press the space bar once and type the word you want to insert. e.g. 10 PRINT "HELLO TYPHOID 1} MARY"(8) Holding down [CONTROL] and using the [DELETE BACK SPACE] key will bring MARY back to TYPHOID.(9) Don't forget t1}o press [RETURN] or the changes won't be made in the computer's memory. Using the [CONTROL] and [DELETE BACK SPACE] key1}s can be very absorbing. Try this...Use [CONTROL] and the [-] and [*] keys to place the cursor on top of the T in line 10.1}Now press [CONTROL] [DELETE BACK SPACE] and watch TYPHOID being absorbed into the cursor.If you don't press [RETURN] afte1}r you have made your changes then only the screen display will change and not the program line in the computer's memory. If 1}you press [RETURN] you will get rid of the TYPHOID in MARY forever.FINAL ADVICE: You're probably going to make a few mist1}akes as you get control of the [CONTROL] key. For instance, you may accidentally press [CONTROL] [CLEAR] instead of [CONTROL1}] [INSERT]. But after some practice, you will really appreciate these screen editing features.VARIABLES A variable1} is anything that can change or vary. Here are some familiar variables:- A musical note;- The colour of a TV screen;- Th1}e price of gold;- Your age;- The rate of inflation. When using the computer, we usually assign variables names to help1} us remember what they stand for and to work with them. The price of gold might be called GOLDPRICE or GPRICE or PRICE or GO1}LD or G or BANANAPRICE. The computer could care less what you call it.HINT: Don't leave any spaces in the variable name. 1}GOLDPRICE not GOLD PRICE. After we have a name, we need a value for the variable.LET GOLDPRICE=395.63This would tell1} the computer to give the variable called GOLDPRICE a value of 395.63. Now, tell it to PRINT GOLDPRICE and it will give 1}you a value of 395.63.NOTE: The LET is optional. GOLDPRICE=395.63 is sufficient.ALSO NOTE: The computer starts out givin1}g a value of zero (0) to all variables.TYPE THIS: PRINT ZONK - It will show you that ZONK is 0 until you tell the computer 1}otherwise.THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF VARIABLES:Numeric VariablesYou put numbers in numeric variables:GOLDPRICE=395.63A1}GE=22SPEED=120String VariablesYou put words or characters in these:NAME$="JOHN DOE"MONTH$="MAY"PLACE$="EGYPT"A$="N1}ANCY"The $ is simply a way of telling the computer that it is a STRING VARIABLE, not a numeric.TWO IMPORTANT THINGS ABOU1}T STRING VARIABLES1. You MUST first tell the computer how many spaces to reserve for your string variable. This is done wi1}th a DIMENSION statement. It goes like this: 10 DIM NAME$(8)This means that you can have as many as eight char1}acters in your name. "BOB" would fit. "BETTY" would be fine". "FRANZ SCHUBERT" would be unfinished.2. The other importa1}nt thing is to remember to put QUOTES around your STRINGS.10 DIM A$(20)20 LET A$="FRANZ SCHUBERT"30 PRINT A$End of pa1}rt 4.Inside Atari Basic by Bill Carris,Reston Publishing Company, 1983.Conversion to DOC files by S.J.Murray,North Of S1}cotland Atari User Group.by Bill Carris,Reston Publishing Company, 1983.Conversion to DOC files by S.J.Murray,North Of S0SOFTWARE SCENE - Jan/Feb 1993by S.J.Murray, NOSAUG.Hypnotic Land - LindasoftROM - 12.95 (from Page 6) The Atari 85}-Bit now has two versions of Klax. First, there was Glaggs It! and now there is... HYPNOTIC LAND from Italian software compa5}ny, Lindasoft. The first thing you notice after opening the packaging is the obscure shape of the Hypnotic Land cartridg5}e. It is shaped like a tiny gravestone with a little tree stuck on the front. There is no box supplied - the cartridge is p5}laced within a horrible transparent plastic pouch with a small piece of paper enclosed as the front cover. The graphics on t5}he paper are well drawn (I like the lady-bug within the Lindasoft logo!). Instructions for Hypnotic Land are limited to one 5}paragraph written on the paper cover. As soon as Hypnotic Land is booted you are hit with a 'bouncy' tune and what can o5}nly be described as one of the worst title screens I've seen on a commercially released program. It really is awful! A sing5}le-colour background with Graphics 2 text. I know that title screens have nothing to do with gameplay but they do give a fir5}st impression of what is to follow. A quick press of the joystick button and your away. You find yourself looking up a 5}coloured ramp with mountains on both sides and four tubes at the bottom - one of which has a coloured cup. A cursor can be s5}een in the centre of the screen. By using the joystick you can move the cursor all over the screen. You can place direc5}tion arrows on three red lines of the ramp. To do this you move the cursor over a red square and press the joystick button -5} an arrow pointing right appears. Press the button again and the arrow will point left. Press it again and it disappears. 5}Only one arrow is allowed on each of the three lines. As coloured balls move down the ramp you must direct them into the5}ir corresponding coloured cup. You must also stop balls falling into the wrong cup. To accomplish this takes a bit of pract5}ice. Two display panels at the bottom of the screen show the current level as well as the amount of errors occured and t5}he amount of shots remaining. On the fifth error the game is terminated. Once I'd figured out how to switch off the mus5}ic (press Option) I began to work my way through the levels. The system of arrow right, arrow left seemed strange at first b5}ut I soon got used to it. You can move balls from one side of the ramp to the other by directing them off the ramp. If you 5}feel like a break from the action you can pause the game by pressing Select. Press Select again to resume. On later lev5}els a mutuant Octopus attempts to steal the occasional coloured ball and a Spaceship drops arrows from a far height. The Oct5}opus is easy enough to deal with but the Spaceship can quite often catch you out when it drops an arrow on the bottom line - 5}beware! To shoot the Octopus you must move the cursor over it whilst pressing the joystick button. The system for advan5}cing levels involves a line of energy across the top of the screen. As you drop the coloured balls into their cups this line5} moves from left to right. When it reaches the right-hand side of the screen you progress to the next level. The special sh5}ining balls give you double energy. On level 1 a correctly deposited ball gains you five energy marks. This decreases as th5}e levels increase - you only get one energy mark for each ball from level 7 onwards. A lot of work is required to reach the 5}right-hand side on advanced levels. I found Hypnotic Land to be a good implementation of Klax on the 8-Bit Atari. The m5}usic becomes annoying after a while but at least you can switch it off. However, a high-pitched tone sounds at the start of 5}the next level and you must switch the music back on and then off again to return to music-free action. Another minor gripe 5}involves the 'shots' display. It doesn't count down with your shots. You can get anything from 1-4 shots before one is subt5}racted from the total. Also, the blue balls are sometimes difficult to see at the top of the ramp. Before you know it they 5}are halfway down the ramp. On the positive side, the actual gameplay is very addictive. You are introduced to the actio5}n stage by stage with the Octopus appearing on level 2 and the Spaceship on level 4. You don't have to cope with three cups 5}until level 5. This gradual increase in difficulty is perfectly implemented and allows you to enjoy the game right from the 5}first shot. The Spaceship adds real spice on advanced levels. Hypnotic Land is a good example of an 8-Bit game - great 5}fun, simple to learn and challenging on advanced levels. The price of 12.95 is about right considering this is a brand new 5}cartridge. A wolf in sheeps clothing!FUTURA RATING:Graphics 76%Sound 31%Gameplay 83%Value 5}For Money 74%Hypnotic Land is available from: Page 6, P.O.Box 54, Stafford ST16 1DR, England.Gameplay 83%Value 4aHINTS AND CHEATSby Stuart Murray. Within this new column I will bring you software hints and cheats for your Atari 8-9}bit. If you have any hints, cheats or maps you'd like to pass on to the 8-bit community why not send them in?HYPNOTIC LAND9}The First 8 Levels: EnergyLevel Cups Enemies Per Ball 1 1 - 5 2 2 9}Octopus 4 3 2 Octopus 3 4 2 Spaceship 3 5 3 Octopus 2 6 3 Octopus & 2 9} Spaceship 7 3 Octopus & 1 Spaceship 8 4 Spaceship 1Beware the Spaceship! When9} it appears move the cursor to the bottom of the screen and prepare for the arrow.ONE MAN AND HIS DROID Here are the 9}passwords for all twenty caverns:1. (Not Applicable)2. Bubble3. Atari4. Finders5. Genetic6. Zapped7. Megasonic8. Tim9}e Warp9. Ectoplasm10. Gorgeous11. Seaside12. Gizmo13. King Kong14. Hologram15. Curry Rice16. Coffee17. Cassette18. 9}Telescope19. Computer20. EdacraedaWARCOPTER(a hint from young NOSAUG member Alexander Galbraith over in Argyll - thanks9} Alexander, keep them coming.) In Warcopter, instead of pressing select and start to land, you can just press the space-9}bar. Simple, but effective.Lots more hints and cheats next time. select and start to land, you can just press the space-8EDON'T YOU THINK YOU NEED A LITTLE PROTECTION?By Andre Willey, AU1/4. One of the main problems with Basic, apart from =}its poor speed in comparison with machine code, is that once you've finished your masterpiece anyone can LIST it to the scree=}n or printer and copy your ideas. Luckily there are quite a few things you can do. Let's take the points in order: =} Break is perhaps the easiest of all to protect from. It involves just two POKE instructions: POKE 16,64 PO=}KE 53774,64 To switch the Break key back on again, type: POKE 16,192 POKE 53772,192 Unfortunately =}the GRAPHICS command will return Break to its normal use, so you must re-POKE the values after each GRAPHICS statement in you=}r program. A simple GOSUB to a subroutine is probably best. System-Reset is far harder to protect because it was design=}ed as an all purpose "get-out" key in case your program goes wrong. As such it should function correctly regardless of whate=}ver you have managed to type in. Luckily there is one way to "capture" the Reset key. One of the functions of Reset is =}to check that DOS or any cassette loaded program is still working correctly. When a boot cassette or DOS disk loads in i=}t will set three locations in memory to tell Reset what to do to re-initialise the program just loaded. Location 9 will =}contain either a 1, for a disk program, or 2 for a cassette. If it contains 0 then no program was booted. The other two=} locations are used to tell the computer the address in memory of a small machine code routine to handle the job of checking =}the main booted program. These locations are different for cassette and disk, but we will use the cassette ones, 2 and 3=}, as they are simpler. So in order to trap System-Reset we must first POKE location 9 with 2 - for cassette boot - and l=}ocations 2 and 3 with the address of a machine code routine. What? You mean that some of you aren't machine-code progra=}mmers? Okay, let's cheat. Basic itself is really just one massive machine code program. Normally you never have to thi=}nk of it as such, because it is designed in such a way that you never really notice how it works. If we could find a sui=}table section of Basic to "borrow", we wouldn't have to write any machine code ourselves. The obvious routine to use wou=}ld be RUN, so that the program would simply re-start if you pushed Reset. But that may not be what you wanted. You may =}want your program to go off and do something else rather than start from scratch. Fine, let's use the GOTO statement the=}n, but how to tell the computer where to go to? Better still, let's use the TRAP command. If we can convince Basic that=} an error has occured after pushing Reset it will jump to a TRAPped line, which may, for instance, disable the Break key agai=}n. For instance, if you have typed: TRAP 500the program would continue at line 500 after pressing System-Reset. =}So where inside Basic is the TRAP handling routine? Atari has so far released three versions of Basic, called, with grea=}t inspiration A, B and C. Version A was shipped in cartridge form with all UK Atari 400 and 800 machines. There were a =}few very minor problems with it so the new 600XL and 800XL machines had Revision B Basic built in. Unfortunately one or =}two new bugs crept into this one also, so Revision C was born. Available on cartridge for 9.95, this Basic is also built in=}to the current XE range of computers. The TRAP routine on Rev. A was located at 47424 ($B940), and on Revs. B and C at 4=}7412 ($B934). Thus you must POKE locations 2 and 3 with the correct values. For Basic Rev. A - cartridge: POKE=} 2,64 POKE 3,185 For Basic Revs. B and C - XL/XE range: POKE 2,52 POKE 3,185 Don't, incide=}ntally, forget to POKE 9,2 as well. Program 1 shows Break and Reset protection in use. This method will disable DOS=} after Reset is pushed. If you are a disk user and you wisk to re-enable DOS, type POKE 9,1 and push System-Reset. The syst=}em should then be returned to normal. There are some rather nice little things you can do to stop your program being LIS=}Ted if it has been loaded but not RUN. The first is to scramble any variable names so that garbage is printed out instea=}d. Program 2 will do this for you:10 REM PROGRAM LISTING 220 REM SCRAMBLE VARIABLE NAMES30 REM DON'T FORGET TO SAVE YOUR=} PROGRAM FIRST!40 REM TYPE IN YOUR PROGRAM, THEN TYPE THE LINES BELOW50 REM TO RUN, TYPE: GOTO 3200060 REM32000 FOR VAR==}PEEK(130)+PEEK(131)*256 TO PEEK(132)+PEEK(133)*25632010 POKE VAR,155:REM OR ANY OTHER ASCII CHARACTER YOU WANT...32020 NEXT=} VAR It should be typed in on a spare program line, say 32000, run with a GOTO statement, and then deleted. Don't forge=}t to save an original version because even you won't be able to read or alter your program once it's been scrambled. Wit=}hout going into too much technical detail, for which see "The Atari Basic Source Book", or "Mapping the Atari", both from Com=}pute! Books, it works by putting a Return character instead of each variable name in the listing of the program, thus making =}it a little tricky to read. Program 3 is even more dramatic:10 REM PROGRAM LISTING 320 REM LOCK-UP COMMAND ENTRY MODE=}30 REM DON'T FORGET TO SAVE YOUR PROGRAM FIRST!40 REM TYPE IN YOUR PROGRAM THEN TYPE LINE 3203050 REM CHANGE SAVE"D:Filena=}me.Ext" TO SAVE"C:" FOR CASSETTE60 REM DO NOT USE CSAVE!!!70 REM TO RUN, TYPE: GOTO 3203080 REM CAN BE USED WITH, OR AFTE=}R, PROGRAM 2 EXECUTION90 REM32030 POKE PEEK(138)+PEEK(139)*256+2,0: SAVE D"Filename.Ext": NEW This one won't allow ANY=} commands to be typed in after the routine has been run, hence the SAVE command MUST be in the running portion of the program=} or you've lost it forever. This also means that you can't LOAD, or CLOAD, then RUN the program. You must RUN C: or RUN=} D:Filename.Ext. Again, I won't go into technical details, but this version will make Basic fail to recognise any lines,=} either program or command, that you subsequently type in. It effectively forgets where to store them. Drastic, but qui>}te effective. One last tip to play about with. Try this: POKE 202,1 Put it as the first line of the progr>}am, and check that it is correct by LISTing it. Try listing it again after you've RUN the program. You'd better save th>}e program before running that last one. Have fun.End.Conversion to DOC file by S.J.Murray,North Of Scotland Atari Use>}r Group,Ed: Program 1 mentioned above is included on this Futura disk as PROTECT1.BAS..Murray,North Of Scotland Atari Use<Y BW PROGRAM LISTING 122PROTECTS PROGRAM FROM BREAK AND SYSTEM RESET!!VERSION FOR XL/XE COMPUB}TERS(BBFOR ATARI 400/800 COMPUTERS, CHANGE LINE 120 TO POKE 2,642dPROTECT FROM SYSTEM RESETn AxB}@@R@A@ @:A"AU:DOES FINE-SCROLL ON XL/XE MACHINES( +B} A("BREAK" KEY...''  PROGRAM RUNNING NORMALLY...- - ! TRY PRESSING ˠ OR Ԡ-@B}A ( ( (( AP!!COMES HERE IF RESET PRESSED A"BREAK" KEY... A RE-SB }ET TRAP LINE0-@ @0  HAS BEEN PRESSED-@A & APROTECT FROM "BREAKB }" KEY'@@d'B7t@d/AR@/JUST TO TURN OFF CURSOR$ D:PROTECT.BAS"BREAK@w8-BIT TRIVIAby S.J.Murray.** Erasable/programmable cartridges were released for the Atari 8-Bit by Romox. The Romox setF }-up was available in the USA and allowed you to buy an erasable/programmable cartridge from a store and place a program on itF } for a small extra charge. You could then take this cartridge home and use it on your 8-Bit. When you were fed up with the F}program you could take the cartridge back to the store and have a new program placed on the cartridge for a further small feeF}. The Romox system was also available for the TI-99/4A, Atari 2600 and Intellivision systems. Can you imagine the demand foF}r such a system today? The cost of Megadrive and SNES carts are rapidly approaching 50 pounds each!** The Atari 800XL wonF} the prestigious Home Microcomputer of the Year title at the 1985 British Microcomputer Awards. It beat off the challenge frF}om Amstrad, Sinclair and Commodore.** The 800XL was at the heart of a computerised animal husbandry system designed by milkF} yield monitoring and feeding experts Hunday Electronics back in 1985. The 1495 Hunday Baby system included an 800XL, printF}er and software. It provided herd summaries showing cow performance (?), feed requirements, and individual cow records and aF}ction lists (??) for day-to-day herd management. Does anyone out there still own the software? I'm sure there would be hugeF} demand for it if it were placed in the public domain. Well, perhaps not.ll own the software? I'm sure there would be hugeDKDIAMOND by Stuart Murray, NOSAUG.DIAMOND FOR BEGINNERS (continued)WHAT IS A GOS? A GOS is a Graphical Operating SysJ}tem which allows you to convey and manage information by means of graphic images and words instead of words alone. The openiJ}ng screen display is called the "DeskTop" because it graphically represents your computer desk.USING DIAMOND GOSThe MousJ}e The mouse (or joystick, trackball, etc.) is used to point to your desired option and select it. There are three operaJ}tions that can be performed with the mouse:(1) Clicking - depress the mouse button.(2) Double-clicking - depress the mousJ}e button twice.(3) Dragging - hold the mouse button down.NOTE: When using the ST mouse press the left button to click, doJ}uble-click and drag.Icons Icons are graphical images which appear on the screen. They can be clicked on or dragged. J} In the Diamond DeskTop, the disk drives and the trash can are icons.Drop-Down Menus At the top of the screen you wilJ}l see the words, Desk, File, Disk and Options. These are drop-down menus. Point to them with the mouse pointer to drop themJ } down. To select an item within a drop-down menu simply click the button on it. Some items may be in light text - this meanJ!}s that you cannot select them at that time. When you move the mouse pointer from the drop-down menu area the menu will disapJ"}pear.Windows A window is simply the work area for a project. It consists of:1) Closer - Can be found at the top-leJ#}ft of a window. This is used to close the window. Activate by clicking it.2) Title/Drag Bar - Can be found at the top of J$}a window. This contains information about what a window contains, and allows for the window to be dragged to a new position J%}on the desktop.3) Fuller - Top right of the window. Click on this to make the window occupy the entire screen. Click on iJ&}t again to go back to normal size.4) Subtitle - Under the Title/Drag Bar. Information is given about the contents of a winJ'}dow.5) Up Arrow - Click on this to move the window contents up one notch.6) Vertical Slider - Moves the window contents uJ(}p or down any number of notches. Activate by dragging or clicking on the slide bar.7) Down Arrow - Click on this to move tJ)}he window contents down one notch.8) Sizer - This can be found in the bottom right-hand corner of a window. Drag it to incJ*}rease or decrease the size of a window.9) Right Arrow - Click on this to move the window right one notch.10) Horizontal SJ+}lider - Moves the window contents left or right any number of notches. Activate by dragging it or clicking anywhere along thJ,}e slider bar.11) Left Arrow - Click on this to move the window contents left one notch.12) Work Area - This is the area iJ-}nside a window. That's it for another Diamond column. I hope the information above on using a GOS is of use to you. J.}Next time I will travel into the wonderful world of the Diamond DeskTop.Happy Diamond-Mining!ing a GOS is of use to you. H`FUTURA COMPETITION - ISSUE 5 Welcome to the first Futura Competition. The prizes this issue are a selection of cassettN0}es which were recently given to NOSAUG by Eric Watson from Huddersfield.Pirate Adventure by Adventure Int.;Sunday Golf by N1}Adventure Int.;Waxworks by Channel 8;Football Manager by Addictive. To win these four excellent games all you have to N2}do is answer the following question:WHAT IS THE TITLE OF NOSAUG PD CASSETTE C03? Send your answer to the following addN3}ress:S.J.Murray,Futura Competition,NOSAUG,71 Walker Road,Torry,AberdeenAB1 3DL,Scotland. Entries should arrive N4}no later than 28th February. The winner will be announced in Futura issue 6 (March/April 1993). Good luck!s should arrive LmVCS FUTURA - JAN/FEB 1993by Stuart Murray Good news! I have recently received my first copy of THE 2600 CONNECTION (R6}T2600C), a newsletter devoted to the Atari VCS systems. Tim Duarte from Westport, USA sent me a sample issue and after readiR7}ng it from front to back I have decided to order all previous issues as well as take out a subscription for the next six.ThR8}e 2600 Connection,Issue 13 - November/December 1992.A Review by S.J.Murray: VCS enthusiast Tim Duarte has produced 1R9}3 issues of T2600C and has built up a substantial number of subscribers - issue 12 had a circulation of 190, with 163 of thesR:}e fully paid-up subscribers. Very impressive considering most people don't realise the VCS is still alive and well. IssR;}ue 13 is presented on standard white paper with crisp black text. There are eight pages packed with VCS information. On theR<} front cover there is an article by Tim Duarte called 'Why I Am an Atarian'. This article is excellent! I could personally R=}relate with much of its content - especially the part about his first experience with Space Invaders. Page 2 is devoted R>}to letters from T2600C readers. Questions answered include the amount of tennis games on the VCS, the names of X-rated cartsR?}, 7800 system availability, Atari Video Cube cartridge, etc. Page 3 gives you Part 12 of the VCS Cartridge List - this tR@}ime it is Vidtec and U.S.Games, two companies which I had not heard of before. There is also a contest to win a copy of CongRA}o Bongo by Sega. News of another newsletter supporting the VCS systems is also given - it is called Paradox. Full details aRB}bout the 'Classic 8-Bit Atari' gaming magazine (see NEWS.DOC) are given too. Finally, there is a column called, 'A Look at tRC}he Past' by Mark Androvich. The history of the 5200 Supersystem is given. It really was doomed from the start! On pageRD} 4 there is the 'Atari 2600 Fact File' by Andy Floyd - a VCS trivia column. Also on page 4 is 'Tales of the 2600'. Within tRE}his column readers can share their own VCS stories. This time features the tale of two office workers who both owned VCS sysRF}tems but didn't realise their mutual interest until one saw the other reading T2600C. They then began to share VCS stories wRG}ith each other. To round up page 4 there is an article called 'Cures for Wobbly Paddles' by Andy Floyd and William W.Smith JRH}r. 'How to Build Your Own Paddle Controllers' by Richard Toy is the only article on page 5 but its a real cracker - As wRI}ell as the basic information there are diagrams and parts lists. Richard Toy also offers a further information sheet. PRJ}age 6 is almost totally devoted to cartridge reviews by Thomas Holzer (of BaPAUG's 8:16). Ghostbusters II, Acid Drop (a versRK}ion of Klax), 32 in 1, and Pick'n'Pile (a Tetris clone) are reviewed. The list of classic games featured on the '32 in 1' caRL}rt is amazing! At the bottom right of page 6 there are the results of T2600C Survey. The average number of games owned by pRM}articipants of the survey was 159! I wish I owned that many. Favourite games included Adventure, Asteroids, Boxing, StarmasRN}ter, Solaris, Pitfall, Pitfall II, Super Breakout, River Raid and Defender. On page 7 there are 'Tips and Tricks' for VCRO}S carts. Tips and tricks (cheats) are given for Canyon Bomber, Omega Race, Indy 500, Breakout, Skiing, Laser Blast, SteeplecRP}hase and River Raid. The cheats were of great interest, e.g. in Breakout, if you play one of the catch versions, you can plaRQ}y the game with no scoring in the color-shifting attract mode by catching your last ball, pressing Select, and letting the baRR}ll go. A new ball will be released if you miss. This will go on until you turn the game off. Also on page 7 is 'The AtRS}ari 2600 Treasure Chest' - a column on obscure cartridges. A full review of Quadrun is presented. This was a cartridge releRT}ased only to Atari Club members in the USA. It featured synthesized speech! On the back cover of issue 12 there are claRU}ssified ads for those seling or requesting VCS merchandise. This was most interesting reading! I can't believe the amount oRV}f obscure titles that were released for the three VCS systems! Well, I don't suppose I need tell you that I thoroughly eRW}njoyed issue 12 of The 2600 Connection. It is described as 'The Complete 2600 VCS Resource' on the front page. I am in totaRX}l agreement.The 2600 Connection is available from:Mr T.Duarte,The 2600 Connection,P.O.Box 3993,Westport,MA 02790,U.RY}S.A.A 6-issue subscription costs:U.S.A. - $6.00Europe - $12.00600 Connection,P.O.Box 3993,Westport,MA 02790,U.PIFUTURA BARGAINSSOFTWARE:All programs are supplied in original packaging with full instructions (unless otherwise stated).V[} Post & packaging is free on orders over 10 pounds. On UK orders under 10 pounds please add one pound P&P. International PV\}&P is one pound per item on all orders (payment in UK pounds only). Please make cheques/PO's payable to S.J.MURRAY and send V]}to 71 Walker Road, Torry, Aberdeen, AB1 3DL, Scotland. Please state alternative software titles if possible..Disk:ElektV^}ra Glide.................1.50Temple of Apshai Trilogy......2.50Maltese Falcon................1.50Sun Star.................V_}.....2.50Asylum........................4.50Nibbler.......................1.50Ghostbusters..................4.50Gauntlet..V`}....................4.50Elektra Glide/Timeslip........2.50Spy v Spy (The Island Caper)..2.50Cassette:M.U.L.E..........Va}.............4.50Hardball......................2.00Spindizzy.....................2.50Ballblazer....................3.50MeVb}rcenary.....................2.00One on One....................2.50Ninja.........................1.50New York City.........Vc}........1.50Kikstart......................1.50L.A.SWAT......................1.00Mutant Camels.................1.00Moon ShVd}uttle (no box).........2.00O'Riley's Mine (no box).......2.00Superman......................0.50Sea Bandit (no box)........Ve}...0.50HARDWARE:Atari 1029 Printer (needs slight attention - print is smudged) - only 15.00 + 5 P&P. Supplied with boVf}x of 1029 ribbons. With a little work you'll have a 1029 for only twenty quid!ed) - only 15.00 + 5 P&P. Supplied with boTPNOSAUG XL/XE PD LIBRARYCASSETTEC01 GAMES1 - Six top quality games!C02 GAMES2 - Another six excellent games.C03 UTILSZh}1 - Packed full of useful utilities.C04 DEMOS1 - Lots of amazing demos.C05 GAMES3 - Six more fun games.C06 MUSIC1 - WonZi}derful music.C07 KIDS FUN 1 - Programs for the young at heart.C08 GAMES4 - You guessed it, more great games.C09 UTILS2 Zj}- More powerful utilities.C10 GAMES5 - The games bonanza continues.FC1 FUTURA 1 - Programs from the May/June 1992 issue.Zk}FC2 FUTURA 2 - July/August 1992.FC3 FUTURA 3 - September/October 1992.FC4 FUTURA 4 - November/December 1992. Zl} Prices = only 2.95 each! (cheques/PO's payable to S.J.Murray)Also available: Futura, the NOSAZm}UG Newsletter - a printed copy of this top quality disk-based newsletter. Lot's of interesting articles and support for the Zn}Atari XL/XE. Only 1.95 per copy (3.95 with cassette of programs).Please send your orders to :-S.J.Murray,T/A NOSAUG,7Zo}1 Walker RoadTorry,AberdeenAB1 3DL.with cassette of programs).Please send your orders to :-S.J.Murray,T/A NOSAUG,7X'FUTURA - THE NOSAUG NEWSLETTERIssues available:Futura 1 - May/June 1992Futura 2 - July/August 1992Futura 3 - September/^q}October 1992Futura 4 - November/December 1992Futura 5 - January/February 1993Futura 6 (Mar/Apr 1993) will be available on^r} March 1st.Futura is available in the following formats:U.K. ORDERS -Disk.............................1.95Printed cop^s}y & tape of programs..3.95Tape of programs.................2.956-ISSUE SUBSCRIPTION (DISK).....11.006-ISSUE SUBSCRIPTION (^t}PC/TAPE)..22.006-ISSUE SUBSCRIPTION (TAPE).....16.00INTERNATIONAL (NON-UK) ORDERS: (price in UK pounds)Disk............^u}.................2.45Printed copy & tape of programs..4.95Tape of programs.................3.456-ISSUE SUBSCRIPTION (DISK)^v}.....14.006-ISSUE SUBSCRIPTION (PC/TAPE)..28.006-ISSUE SUBSCRIPTION (TAPE).....19.00Please make cheques/PO's payable to ^w}S.J.Murray and send to :S.J.Murray,NOSAUG,71 Walker Road,Torry,AberdeenAB1 3DL,Scotland.FUTURA: THE FUTURE OF YOUR ^x}ATARI 8-BITnd send to :S.J.Murray,NOSAUG,71 Walker Road,Torry,AberdeenAB1 3DL,Scotland.FUTURA: THE FUTURE OF YOUR \ See-ya next time!Ed. the drive! Well, there you have it - another wide selection of reading material and programs. $Futura XL/XE InfoFile :North Of Scotland Atari User Group (NOSAUG),T/A. S.J.Murray,71 Walker Road,Torry,AberdeenAB1 3b{}DL,Scotland.Details : Futura bi-monthly newsletter, disk and cassette PD libraries, second-hand software. Send 1.95 for lb|}atest issue of Futura on disk (3.95 for printed copy and cassette).Derek Fern,T/A. Micro Discount,265 Chester Road,Streb}}etly,West Midlands,B74 3EA.Tel : (021) 353 5730.Fax : (021) 352 1669.Details : Hardware, software, books, spares and prb~}oject kits. Send a large SAE for full lists.Gralin International,11 Shillito Road,Parkstone,Poole,Dorset BH12 2BN.Db}etails : Hardware, software, upgrades and magazines. Send a large SAE for lists.Miles Better Software,219/221 Cannock Rob}ad,Chadsmoor,Cannock,Staffordshire,WS11 2DD.Tel : (0543) 466277/8/9.Details : Excellent range of software. SAE for fub}ll list.Page 6,P.O. Box 54,Stafford,ST16 1DR.Tel : (0785) 213928Fax : (0785) 54355Details : Page 6 magazine, softwab}re, books, etc. Send 2.50 for latest copy of Page 6 New Atari User.Excel,T/A Robert Stuart,21 Stronsay Way,Broomlands,b}Irvine,Strathclyde,KA11 1HZDetails : Excel disk magazine.Gladden House Computers,T/A Peter Mattock,47 George Crooksb} House,New Road,Grays,Essex RM17 6PS.Tel : (0375) 374280 (after 6pm weekdays)Details : Hardware, software and 8-bit repb}airs.Dean Garraghty,23 Ystwyth Close,Penparcau,Aberystwyth,GY23 3RU.(term-time address)Dean Garraghty,62 Thomson Ab}venue,Balby,Doncaster,DN4 0NU.(home address)Details : Atart 8-bit Newsdisk, Digi-Studio and PD library. Send one poundb} for latest copy of Newsdisk.Bournemouth & Poole Atari User Group,248 Wimborne Road,Oakdale,Poole,Dorset BH15 3EF.Deb}tails : 8:16 Newsletter. Send 6.50 for one years subscription (4 copies).Tiger Developments,26 Menziers Avenue,Walmer,b}Deal,Kent,CT14 7QZ.Details : New commercial XL/XE software.Tyne & Wear Atari User Group (TWAUG),P.O.Box 8,Wallsend,b}Tyne & Wear,NE28 6DQ.Details : Regular meetings, PD software and a new 8-bit newsletter with accompanying disk.OVERSEAb}S :American TechnaVision,15338 Inverness Street,San Leandro,CA 94579,USA.Tel : (415) 352-3787.Details : Send Internb}ational Reply Coupon for 24-page catalogue.San Jose Computer,1278 Alma Court,San Jose,CA 95112,USA.Tel : (408) 995-50b}80.Fax : (408) 995-5083.Details : Send International Reply Coupon for lists.B&C ComputerVisions,2730 Scott Boulevard,b}Santa Clara,CA 95050,USA.Tel : (408) 986-9960.Details : Send 3 International Reply Coupons or $1.50 for 58 page catalogub}e.Best Electronics,2021 The Alameda,Suite 290,San Jose,CA 95126-1127,USA.Tel : (408) 243-6950.Details : Send $5 fob}r Atari Parts and Software Catalog.KE-SOFT,Frankenstr.24,6457 Maintal 4,Germany.Details : Lots of NEW XL/XE software.b} Send for free pricelist.Lake Almanor Public Domain (LAPD),c/o Stefanee Hoffee,333 Peninsula Drive,Lake Almanor,Ca. 9b}6137,USA.Details: Large PD library.Computer Software Services (CSS),P.O.Box 17660,Rochester,New York 14617.Tel : (7b}16)-429-5639Fax : (716)-247-7158BBS : (716)-247-7157, 300-9600 bps.Details : Amazing 8-bit hardware, including the Black b}Box (RS-232, Centronics & hard disk interface). Call or write for free 1993 catalog.S.J.Murray,Futura Editor,North Of b}Scotland Atari User Group.ard disk interface). Call or write for free 1993 catalog.S.J.Murray,Futura Editor,North Of `0BCsE[NAMEMODEMAINd&&;A0,;@a,;@,n6f}. D:FUTURA5.PIC7@e)-A$AT-"37 ee162,16,169,0,157,72,3,169,0,157,73,3,32,86,228,1f}92,0,48,9,238,31,4,208,3,238,32,4,96,104,104,966GG6.=h01eeAO ݩ֩N`Tww6f}7@,.dhBDE   D     Yww67Af},.d!  XY X!  FD))   ^ww67A,.df} ]GPee`/ee(ecm-67A,.ef}ee`M67A<A,.>:@4,m67AW<AW,.>:@4,<AdAU A0<@f}@8+@%@!6-?:C:,,-6-?:C:,,8@%-A! AP% !Adf}AU!%D:MENU.& F:Ad,AUA@0$D:PICLOADR.BASA@0$Ad,AL%|DLf}%DIU!%D:MENU.& F:Ad,AUA@0$D:PICLOADR.BASA@0$Ad,AL%|DLd( 5PUUTPUTTUUPTPUEVZUZVVVj}VZT%ZZUZ%%UeUZUUTTUUTj}   ***XPPTUUTTPTTETj}TUTPVVVT%U%TPBT%TPUUZ j}UZTUZ(UTUZ  *  j}qPTTU P!ZUUZZZUPPV ***j}   v /gf/g/vj}/vyكڪ/فgjgm vj  vق j}v فgfj ف ggm v~ vم v فgfvy فgfgmj}ف gm v g v  v كo vy ف go فgm /gm v~vj}/gm vyل/vy كgo.v ف gom.فgm gm vj} vyفv فggoف gogmg  v{j}vy فف gog _ ~v Zj} v _ ف _ go _/_j}v/ف/wggo/wi j}v j}j}U UY꪿ UYUjj}ꯀ UYUYZ UYUYUj/UYUYUeVj}/UeUYUeUe/UeUYUeUeUj/eUeUeUeUejj}/UeUeUeUeUeUUeUeUVjUUUeUUj}UZUUeUUUUVjUVUUjUVUVjeUVUUUj}UVUVUjjVUUUZUVUVUYjjVUVUUUUVUVUYUZjVUUUUUYUVj}UYUYVjUVUUU YUYUYUYUYVUVUUYj UYUYUYUYUUVUVUYUj ZUeUYj}UYUeiUVUYUeZ UjeUYUYUeUjVUVUYUeUf UVUeUYUeUeUUVUYUeUeZ/UVZeUeUej}UeUeVUeUeUeUo/UVUVUeUeUeUeUjUeUUeUj/UVUVUUeUeUeiUUeUj/UVUVUYUj}UeUeUjUUn/UVUVUYUZeUUeUeUeUiUUnUYUVUYUYjjUeUeUeUejUnYUVUYUYUZjjUUeUej}UeUjjUUYUYUYUYVjjUUeUeUZjYUeUYUYUfjjUeUeUVZjZeUYUYUeUjjeUUeUVj}UVUVUeUYUeUejjUeUVUUVeUYUeUeUjjjUVUVUUUeUeUeUeZjjVUVj}UUUeUUeUeUfjjUYU UUZUUeUeUeVjjYU UUVZUUeUeUejUj} UUVUVjUeUeUeUjU UUVUVUjUUeUeUeiV UVUVUVUVjjUUeUeU/j}UVUVUVUVUVUjjeUUeUeUV/VUVUVUVUVUYZjjUUeUV/VUYUVUVUYUZjjUUeUVU/j}ꪫUYUYUVUYUYUjjUUVUV/YUYUVUYUYUYjjVUVUVYUYUYUYUYUjjVUVUV婪j}UYUeUYUYUYZjjUYUVUjYUeUYUYUYUZjYUVUVeUeUYUYUYVjUVUVUeUeUYUj}YUYU[UeUeUYUYUYUj[UfeUeUYUYUVUZUeUYUYUZ Uj}VeUeUYUYV  UeUeUYUZ UjUeUYUZ UZeUYU[ j}UVUeU[+UUeU[+UZeUZ/UVn*j}UVUVU[U[j}U[ [j} *    j} AUU* PQA@P  VRYi`ZV VZYj}U(ZVZYe(ZIi`Z * (  j}(  PUPTPAUE@PQTPPPTQE*j}UjVRXUYi@*ZZUYi` Z%ZVYe(Rj}ZTPJUZYT(  *(  * * *% @UPTTATTU@UPAj}ET PU@AEPPQAE AEjiVZX*RYie IeThihUJRZYieT VUehihj}%YJRZYie ieTUiTTZXUIUe *(( ( ( (** ** hihhw* NOTICE *Please note the new address for NOSAUG as of August 1996:NOSAUG,PO BOX 11903,WESTHILLAB32 6GE,SCOTLAND.l|