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B## }operating system. It may notwork for other versions!""If you wish to ENTER but notRUN Listed files, delete }!!line 4420 from the program.Z A d A An A ASubroutines }Set Up File Name ArrayR6-@#-@@07<,0 @67<,.7<,N6-%@R $$7@ }<@,4 AV67<,..6-%@.-%@R67<,.7@%&<@%&,V 67B:,%@ },.!!Then Set Up Directory ArrayU67@<@,. 57@<@,4*U67@<@,.>:@, }O-@@567<,.>:@:7<,,&@2,9 E6-@O A'6.7<,6-@:,G!@d* @ }/67<,.>:%@2,=6-%@G A#7 4.67<,.>:@,-6-%@7 A#G!@G* @X }/67<,.>:&@2,=6-%@G A#.67@<@,..67B:,%@,. B$Select Fil }e Namef 6-%6-$@%-@@(@7&@<,H6-%T6-` @f6- !6-@ }q 6-%6-$@,6.7&@<,:6-$@H6-&@T-@b(@q67@,.$ }Screen Headera +AR@1-^((ĠɠӠˠĠɠҠŠàԠϠҠ٠a$""Peel }Trailing Blanks from F$: 6-B:,7,4 06.7@<&@,: AR$Genral DOS Function,"@ }, A,"@, ASound Routine'6-@ At'Pro }mpt Tone6-@Warning Tone7-@@032@@7 B -@9@6@ }>2@'@B (%2($ Delay-@A $"Blan }k Line$%-@@"(@%$,-Check Console and Keys.6Y 6-F:,6-F:,A6-R:,%A }$+@&T:,,M@YAU@ A0 A%J A@ A%T A A% }Set Up Screenj +@'0@A0@[0@j6.> }:AB,=-=(@8-@@#-4(@8 }U-@)-@@ 7(@; U0@@@$Display Directory }070@Q0@k0@}AR@ }6-@!6-@S6-+&@,$@36-+%@,$@9"S6-&@$+&@,33(} }Files on Disk:  ^H ^U ^L ^D ^R ^Q00(Free Sectors:    &C!@(C(Screen  }of  for more0--@@6-%-6-$@:8-@*(@7&@<,. 8 }A0D-@@)(@;-@@Q(@k0@@0@ }@@N(@AU% Aq($XYRead DirectoryZbe@1@@ }D:*.*=6-D6.K6.e0@@gS-@@*(@READING<-@@ S }(@ DIRECTORYl4@47@<@,4FREEA@v1 6.6.6-%@' A1 A  } 6. @6. ""67B:,%@<@,.=:,~6.7@<@,37@<@,40L67@< }@,. e7@<@,40~67@<@,. R6-P:'@%?,"6.:-%@$@N67 }B:,%@,.R $Initialize Program76-@$@d+6-@$@d7;,;,]]; }@,;@1,;@,;@,;@,;@,;@,;@,]@@'@@99 }AR@E6-@Q6-@]6-36-B2y6-Ad'6-A@36-A%6. } %6.D:.@.@@K:$$6-6@ A0$ A$6-5@ A }0$ AhO A!( }Locking ==> % 967<,.>:@,E6-@5O AbsJ A#(}Unlocking ==> } ' 467<,. @6-@6J Abv$6-6@ A0$ Aw$6-5@ A0$ A A4 } + A  A3%1 A6-%@'6-@1 A$6-5@ A0 }$ A A@$6-5@ A0$ A$6-6@ A0$ A A@Help }Menu4F -@F((ȠŠ̠Р͠ŠΠՠ>**(" or  Select file (down)C7@ }@(7(  Select file (up)H%(%( Load and run fileM'('( Display next screenO }A@@(A($+ Rerun (for new disk)P.(.(#, Select and run fileR*@@ }(*( ^ = CTRL keyW%%(^H Help (display this page)\(^L Lock filea(^U Unlock filef""(^D Dele }te file from diskk(^R Rename filep!!(^Q Quit (exit to Basic)zQ@@'-@@#G(Press } for DirectoryQ Aq0)@"AU& A0 A A!  Delete File  i } A'0@@@A0@@@_(}Press Y to delete ==> i Aq <)@"@ }& A3P26-@3< Ad '(}DELETE cancelled ' A F:A,AgA (} F }ile is LOCKED% w(Press Y to delete# Ar0)@<"@a@6@m6-@3w }Ad* A3 H I Rename FileJ R H A,(}Input new name for ==> H( \ 8 } AqAR#5AR@8(f K AP67@,."6.<7@<@,4D:K6.7@ },p 0 6-B:,67%@,.,067%@,.z # A4`6-@2# Ad (} File is LOCKED w( }Press Y to rename# Ar0)@<"@a@6@m6-@2w AdLO }AD and RUN program:77@<@,4DOS)7@<@,4DUP:.+ AA0 ('( Loading ==> +% }" F:A,@!AB0hm AB0@5@@B)@O)@mAU) }AUACr)()(|:@+@@:6-?:AUv,-(#( }Ġ- A!p5 AP6-B:,57&@<,0DOCADm(("(D( !} Press to stop readingG(m(! Press - to pause/restart@(5@+@@ "}5 AC@T)@*@2F:Ad,"@(DAdAUG(J(T A!p AC0D #}@@((7(End-of-File Encountered:(D A!p0-(-("宠:8-@@ $}8(ENTER >:@4,>:@4,?66*** Delete line 4420 to LOAD file but not RUN itDL-@@2( %}POKE 764,12:D-@@L(RUNN[-@@ 8(ŠǠӠŠ[(Ġ &}١X6AR'-@@3@6D2:MENUǠӠŠ[(Ġ Q ===== ===== The MATH DISK == == _____________ ===== (} ===== This diskette contains Turbo Basic. Some of the programs will work only in Turbo Basic. Tur)}bo Basic is public domain and will work only on the Atari XL/XE computers models. This diskette is intended to be *} an aid to math students from basic algebra up through natural sciences. And for that reason most of the programs are +}not too 'user friendly'. You must know what you are talking about in order to use these. (If you didn't, you wouldn',}t be using them in the first place, would you?) FACTORSETS ---------- This program, utiliz-}es the factorial (!) function not found on the Atari, to solve several types of probability problems. (For example, .}the possible number of poker hands.) ANALIZEQUAD ----------- Given a quadratic equation in sta/}ndard form, Ax^2+Bx+C=0, this program will examine and solve for the roots (if they are real numbers). A timesaver for 0}any algebra student. SYNTHTCDIV ---------- This program will take a binomial with a form (x-1}b), where b is a real number, and will divide it into an equation of the fifth degree or less. This process is Synthe2}tic Division. EQUATION -------- Will take variables and find equations (and subsequent pro3}bability of equation being correct) that use those variables. Over 60 common physics equations are included. Also gi4}ves a brief description of the equation and the untis involved. (See also: Equation.txt) CHMSTRYEQTS 5} ----------- Will take the name of a compound and will generate the proper formula for it from its tables of an6}ions and cations. For example Sodium Chloride, NaCl. BERNOULLI --------- This program will c7}alculate odds on Bernoulli experments. (Bernoulli experiment: two outcomes (success and failure), given number of tri8}als, independent trials, probability is constant). Form is b(x;n,p). Also will generate Pascal's triangle. 9} CALCULUS TUTOR -------------- Study expressions, functions, derivatives, and much much more.. s,-PERMUTATIONSSESUBSEPSEPSUPTRPNU;} FACTORIALS AP ( Factorials(( (1. Permutations( 2. S<}ubsets&("(Please select (1 or 2)&"@ @ Subsets'6-%@!@' @P$=}$(}Subsets are numbers of sets ##(that can be made from a set"##(containing a greater number#$$(of elements. F>}or example, a%$$(poker hand is made up of a 5'&&(element subset of 52 elements.((or....)$$( 52!/(5!47!) or?} 2.5 million2 ( Enter Set, then subset.4 set,subset6(!/(!&!)76-@8-@@}6@9 6-$ :6-@;-@6@< 6-$ A6-@C-&@6@A}E 6-$ HU1 '+$, of  subsets from  sets=6-I6-U6-J @PPERMUTAB}TIONSQ'6-%@!@' @R((( }A factorial is a function whichT$$(will find number of possibleV""C}(permutations of a set. ForX%%(example: How many ways can 13Z&&(people be seated in 13 chairs?\$$(13! ways or .D}..6,227,020,800^ (ways.`number6-@b-@6@c 6-$d n !=x @E}/l"@%(Numeric Overflow./ @D:FACTOR6@c 6-$d n !=x @HX,>CHECRR@@ 1 A@UUUUU QuadraticsG}'6-%@!@' @P##(}A quadratic equation is an (equation in the form:" ( 2#( Ax +BH}x+C=0%!!(It may be solved for x by'%%(factoring or by the quadratic)(formula:*(,(x=(-B+-Sqr(B*B-4ACI}))/2A.&&(and the roots may be analyzed./( Give A,B,C2 Coefficients<6-$&@$$FO J}E(1Roots are imaginary conjugate numbers. a+bi, a-biO @%P<"<((Roots are real and equal. (Double Roots)K}R/!/(Roots are real and unequal.T/6-6%M:$&@$$,/6-'+@$,V/6-6&M:$&@$$,/6L}-'+@$,X(And the roots are:Y( and Z @% D:QUADFORMV/6-6&M:$&@$$,/6^j0@ANSDIAA A6 @@@@ @@ @ N}Synthetic Division9@,9@,9-@@&68,-568,-9 ''(}Synthetic DiviO}sion is a method##(of dividing a polynomial by""(a LINEAR binomial (ex:X-5)""(the variable r is positive (P}if there is a minus sign(behind the variable x. !!(r is the value (above, it"( would be r=5$ what is Q}r'!!(what is the degree of the(" polynomial"6-%@)(input the values of the*!!(coefficients IN R}ASCENDING,""(ORDER ACCORDING TO DEGREES-( (5 maximum)."-@" coeficient0 68,- 2 (}45S}-@'(8,x&++ 5( 7( divided by x-968@,-8@,:-@<68T},-$8&@,%8,>  ( (((?-@&@@!! 8,x&&@+B D( 8,U}E( ----x-F( rerun (y/n)H')"@)"A!' @D:SYNDIV D( 8,f78  EQEQAFFILLSTHOLDHANALIZYESNPVHDELAcA3ZAPS=!W}A AP c @ @A5@@@ &&;@!X},;A ,;@,467@,.%67AP,.467@,.9@ <@,(MOTION IN A LINE2!Y}C(Instructions? (y/n) )#(9"@x)"AC Ae<//@@D:EQUATION.TXTF"@!Z}6-%@"(P!@AZ A d @pn<(Hit return for more )&(}26-< @![}px-@AP '6-%@!@' AP''(}Input the terms which you wish''!\}(to find. Hit return after each(Type "00" when done.400 ASEARCHER-@!]}@%6.7<%@%,6-k:<," A0"6-@:7@%<@%,,,6-%@6)!^}67@%<@%,.>:,)6-@67<%@%,.J T A^h Listerr| -@ @!_}6@-@%@%6-@:7,," A@   A-&@$@!!`}@:7<,, @ ! Ap (7<,-@@P  ( ....Rank $>(More variables (1)*!a}( Analize (2)> choice? (1/2) 41' AP<(Another equation (y/n)?#)9"A)"@x<!b}#467@,.%67AP,.467@,.P A AO6-DATA F!c}OR EQUATIONS<&"06-%@%:67&@$<,.D=4CCCPNQXddv=st,a=v/t,a=(vf-v0)/t,v=(v0+vf)/2,!d}s=1/2(at^2),vf=at,s=(vf/2)t,vf^2=2as,vf=v0+gt,s=gt^2,s=at^2bWWf=ma,ft=mDv,m1v1+m2v2=m1v1'+m2v2',sh=vh*t,sv=(gt^2)/2,a=4PI^!e}2r/T^2,Fc=m4pi^2r/T^2lccT=2pisqr(l/g),F=6.67x10e-11*m1m2/r^2,g=6.67x10e-11me/r^2,w=fd,p=w/t,Fs=mv^2/2,KE=mv^2/2,PE=FsvTT!f}PE=mgh,E=mc^2,Pa=1 N/m^2,PV=k,p1v1=p2v2,v2=p1v1/p2,v1/v2=t1/t2,p1v1/t1=p2v2/t2hhv=sqr(gr),w=mg,m=mv,v=f^,T=1/f,E=1/d^2,E!g}=hf,F=k*qq'/r^2,K=9.0e+9Nm^2/C^2,E=F/q,V=Ed,W=Vq,V=IR,P=VI]]P=RI^2,Q=I^2Rt,R=r1+r2+r3,1/R=1/r1+1/r2+1/r3,F=BIL,F=Bqv,EMF=!q}?B%DOS SYSB*)DUP SYSBSAUTORUN SYSBCAUTORUN BASB'MATHDISKDOCB :FACTORS TURBFANALIZEQBASB MSYNTHDIVTURBVEQUATIONTURB6xEQUATIONDATB EQUATIONTXTBCHMSTRYEQTSBCATION DATBANION DATB BERNOULLTURBCALCULUSBASBlv,Vp/Vs=Np/Ns,Eq=mg,CCCPO%%(Would you like another list?')"@x)"A' A  -@!r} @6@-@%@%6-@:7,, A `-&@$@!@:7<,, @ !s}! A V (7<,-@@   (...Rank   -@A !t}Look up equation in DiskFile named "Equation.Dat" }""(VERY CAREFULLY type in the''(equation paying clo!u}se attention%%(to symbols, upper/lower case,(and to numbers.$( equation:.00@@!v}D1:EQUATION.DAT3 Ap8@B 0 AL<V `@j =4-t@~ !w}A(l"A6( NOT FOUND.( A (l ERROR&Q D:EQUATIONj =4-t@~ [v=s/tAverage speed. Velocity (m/s) Displacement (meters) Time (seconds)-a=v/tAcceleration-Change in velocity in time %y}Acceleration (m/s^2) Delta Velocity, change in velocity (m/s) Time (seconds)-a=(vf-v0)/tChange in speed of an object %z}Acceleration (m/s^2) Final Velocity (m/s) Original Velocity Time (seconds)-v=(v0+vf)/2Average velocity Velocity (m/s)%{} Final velocity, Original velocity-s=1/2(at^2)Distance traveled with uniform acceleration Displacement 's' (meters) Acc%|}eleration (m/s^2) Time (seconds)-vf=atVelocity after given time uniformacceleration Final velocity (m/s) Acceleration %}}(m/s^2) Time (seconds)-s=(vf/2)tDistance traveled from rest. Displacement 's' (meters) Final Velocity (m/s) Time (seco%~}nds)-vf^2=2asVariation of Velocity/Displacement Final Velocity squared (m/s)^2 Acceleration (m/s^2) Displacement 's'-%}vf=v0+gtAcceleration due to gravity Final velocity (m/s) Original velocity Acceleration due to gravity (m/s^2) Time (sec%}onds)-s=gt^2Variation of Gravitational Acceleration Displacement 's' (meters) Acceleration due to gravity (m/s^2) Time %}squared (seconds)^2-s=at^2General acceleration equation Displacement 's' (meters) Acceleration (m/s^2) Time squared (se%}conds)^2-f=maNewton's second Law of motion: "Whenan unbalanced force acts on an object,the object will be accelerated. %}Theacceleration will vary directly withthe applied force and will be in thesame direction as the applied force.It will va%}ry inversly with the massof the object" Force (newton) Mass (Kg) Acceleration (m/s^2)-w=mgWeight of an object (g=9.8 m%}/s^2 onearth. Weight (newtons) Mass (Kg) Acceleration due to gravity (m/s^2)-ft=mDvMomentum form of 2nd law of motion%} Force (newtons) Time (seconds) Mass (Kg) Delta Velcocity (m/s^2)-m1v1+m2v2=m1v1'+m2v2'Newton's 3rd law or Conservation%} ofMomentum in a closed system. Mass of first object (kg) Mass of second object Velocity of first object (m/s%}) Velocity of second object (m/s) First velocity of object #1 Second Velocity of object #2-sh=vh*tHorizontal motion of %}falling object Horizontal distance 'sh' (meters) Vertical velocity (m/s) Time (seconds)-sv=(gt^2)/2Free fall Vertical %}height 'sv' (meters) Acceleration due to gravity (m/s^2) Time squared (seconds)^2-a=4PI^2r/T^2Circular acceleration Acc%}eleration (m/s^2) PI=3.14159276 Radius of circle Period 'T'-Fc=m4pi^2r/T^2Centripital force producing circularmotion.%} Centripetal force (newtons) Mass (kg) Radius (meters) Period 't'-T=2pisqr(l/g)Period of a pendulum Period 'T' pi=3.1%}415926 Square Root of: Length (meters) divided by Acceleration due to gravity (m/s^2)-F=6.67x10e-11*m1m2/r^2Law of Un%}iversal Gravitation Force (newtons) 6.67x10e-11 N*m^2/kg^2 Universal Constant Mass of objects 1 &%} 2 (kg) Radius or distance (meters)-g=6.67x10e-11me/r^2Universal gravitation on earth Gravitaional acceleraton (m/s^2) %}Mass of earth Radius distance (meters)-w=fdWork Work (jule) Force (newtons) Distance (meters)-p=w/tPower (rate of d%}oing work) Power (watts) Work (jules) Time (seconds)-PE=fsPotential Energy Force (jules) Displacement 's' (meters)-%}PE=mghAlternate Potential Energy Mass (kg) Gravitational acceleration (m/s^2) Height (meters)-Fs=mv^2/2Work done on ma%}ss Force (newtons) Displacement 's' (meters) Mass (kg) Velocity (m/s)-KE=mv^2/2Kinetic Energy Mass (kg) Velocity (m/%}s)-E=mc^2Conservation of Matter and EnergyTotal amount of matter plus energyin the universe is a constant. Energy relea%}sed (joules) Mass (kg) c=speed of light-Pa=1 N/m^2Definition of a pascal One newton per square meter.-PV=kBoyle's la%}w: "The volume occupied bya gos varies inversely with the applied pressure." Pressure (pascals) Volume (m^3) k-constant%}-p1v1=p2v2Variation of Boyle's law p1 & p2 Pressure (kilo pascals) v1 & v2 Volume (m^3)-v2=p1v1/p2Variation of Boyle'%}s law p1 & p2 Pressure (kilo pascals) v1 6 v2 Volume (m^3)-v1/v2=t1/t2Charle's Law: "Under constant pressurethe volume %}of a gas varies directly with its Kelvin temperature." v1 & v2 Volume (m^2) t1 & t2 Temperature (Kelvin)-p1v1/t1=p2v2/t2%}Combined gas law Pressure (kilo pascals) Volume (m^3) Temperature (Kelvin)-v=f^Velocity of a wave Velocity (m/s) Fre%}quency (Hz) Lambda (wavelength--meters)-T=1/fPeriod of a wave Period Frequency (Hz)-E=1/d^2Illuminance Illuminance %}(lux) Distance (meters)-E=hfQuantum Theory of light Energy (joules) Planck's constant (h)= 6.6e-34 J/Hz Frequency %}of Photon-F=kqq'/r^2Coulomb's Law: "The force between twocharged object varies directly with the product of their charge%}s andinversely with the square of thedistance between them. Force (newtons) k=9.0e+9 N*m^2/C^2 Charge on object #1 'q' (%}coloumbs) Charge on object #2 'q'' Radius (meters)-K=9.0e+9Nm^2/C^2Definition of Coloumb's constant-E=f/qElectric fie%}ld intensity Electric Field intensity (newton/coloumb) Force (newton) Charge (coloumb)-V=EdDefinitio%}n of a Volt (potential difference between two points) Volts (volts) Field intensity (N/C) Distance (meters)-W=VqWork d%}one to move a charge againstan electric field Work (joules) Volts Charge (coloumbs)-V=IROhm's Law: "The current flowin%}g through a given wire varies directlywith the applied voltage." Volts Current (ampere) Resistance (ohm)-P=VIAmpere a%}nd Electric Power Power (watts) Volts Current (ampere)-P=RI^2Heating Effect of currents Power (joules) Resistance (o%}hms) Current (amperes)-Q=I^2RtThermal energy & Current Delta Thermal Energy (joules) Current (ampere) Resistance (ohm)%} Time (seconds)-R=r1+r2+r3Resistance in series circut is thesum of the resistance. Resistance (ohms)-1/R=1/r1+1/r2+1/%}r3Resistance in parallel circut isthe inverse of the sum of the reciprocals of each resistance. Resistance (ohm)-F=BIL%}Force on a wire in a magnetic field Force (newtons) Fied intensity (N/A*m) Current (ampere) Length (meters)-F=BqvForce%} on charged particle Force (newton) Field intensity (N/A*m) Charge on particle (coloumb) Velocity of particle (m/s)-EMF%}=BlvInduced Electromotive Force EMF (volts) Field intensity (N/A*m) Length of wire (meters) Velocity of wire in field (m%}/s)-Vp/Vs=Np/NsTransformers Voltage in primary loop (volts) Voltage in secondary loop Number of turns around primary l%}oop Number of turns around econdary loop-Eq=mgMillikan's oil drop experiment to determine the charge on a particle. Ele%}ctric field intensity (N/A*m) Charge on particle (coloumb) Mass (kg) Gravitational acceleration (m/s^2)-CCCP-cle. Ele$t is a Turbo BASIC utilitywhich will speed up any physicshomework assignment. In order touse this program the user)} should beable to do basic algebra and have aworking knowledge of physics termsand symbols.Given Variables such as F, d )}and t(Force, distance, Time) thecomputer will search its list ofequations (60 of them) for theequation which will most li)}kelysolve the problem. The more variables?the more likely a choice will be thecorrect one.?After inputting the variables)}, thecomputer will list (in order oflikeliness0 the equations it thinkswill solve the problem. (Remember,the more variab)}les, the morenarrow the search becomes. But,the computer will list ANY equationwith any of the variables in it.You then)} have the option ofexamining the equation. You thentype the equation exactly as shownand it will show the name of theequ)}ation, the units for eachvariable and the full names of thevariables.Caution:Because of the nature of thesymbols, one l)}etter may stand formore than one thing. For example,V can stand for velocity, volumeand voltage; T may be period ortime;)} m can be mass or momentum etc.Lambda is expressed as ^. Certainconstants are spelled out in theequation for clarity.Th)}e equations cover: Motion in aline, Dynamics, Momentum, Todimensional motion, Work and Power,Conservation of energy, Gas l)}aws,Electricity and others.aline, Dynamics, Momentum, Todimensional motion, Work and Power,Conservation of energy, Gas l(&'J X AA2CC2DUM1DUM2FIRSSECOSECONZZZZZhZZ@A(@-} @ ;@,;@, ;@,;@,;@,;@,"(Instructions (y/n)-})"(#"@x)"A# A))(!} When a metal reacts with a non- ''(metal, electrons are transfered"&&-}(from the atoms of the metal to$&&(the atoms of the nonmetal, and&##(an ionic (or electrovalent)(&&(compound is-} formed. The atoms*++(#that lose electrons become positive,((( ions, called cations. Atoms that.&&(gain electrons -}become negative0((( ions, called anions. These ions2""(attract to form a crystal.4$$( This program will get the-}6''(formula NAME from you, and then8**("from a table and some computations: (find the proper formula.<&&( F-}or example, given Hydrogen>))(!Peroxide, (Hydrogen is the cation@&&(peroxide is the anion) it willB(compute the -}formula: D( H2(O2) (F"(Hit return to CONTINUE")P++(#} There are 1521 possible formulasR((( the pro-}gram can deal with. SomeT%%(conventions must be followed.U))(! Different valences for the sameV++(#ion are indica-}ted by Roman numeralsX''(after the cation name. Such asZ (Iron III, or Cobalt III.\%%( Also names such as Ferr-}ous,^&&(titanic, or cupric for cations`!!(are NOT recognized by theb(program.d%%( To add Cations or Anions-} tof&&(the existing lists, use a texth%%(editor to edit the .DAT filesj**("on this disk. Add first, the namel%%-}(of the Ion, the formula (withn**("arrows for subscripts ( etc..)p%%(the the charge (ALL POSITIVE!r))(!THE CO-}MPUTER KNOWS THE DIFFERENCEt++(#BETWEEN ANION and CATION charges!).v,,($Use the previous entries as a model.x''( -}Good luck and thanks a mole. Cation name: Anion name:--@@ D:CATION.DAT@-}k:<,"@ A>4CCCP)(CATION Name Not Found.4@> A AP,@-}6,,@@ D:ANION.DAT@@Jk:<,"@ A@O=4CCCP((ANION N-}ame Not Found.3@= AQ A T@Calculations-@@-@-}@($%$$6@"( A & 0$$(Invalid Charge number of Ion:&D.((}The for-}mula for   is:+(.(N/)(() () ,(/(X(Another formula?)b"@x)"-}A&l @ D:CHEM() () ,(/(X(Another formula?)b"@x)",%aluminumAl3ammoniumNH41antimony IIISb3ArsenicAs3bariumBa3bismuthBi3cadmiumCd2calciumCa2cesiumCa11}chromium IICr2chromium IIICr3cobalt IICo2cobalt IIICo3copper ICu1copper IICu2gold IAu1gold IIAu2hydro1}genH1hydroniumH3O1iron IIFe2iron IIIFe3lead IIPb2lithiumLi1magnesiumMg2manganese IIMn2mercury IHg1}2mercury IIHg2Nickel IINi2potassiumK1rubidiumRb1silverAg1sodiumNa1strontiumSr2tin IISn2tin IVSn4t1}itanium IIITi3titanium IVTi4ZincZn2CCCPCCCP0Rb1silverAg1sodiumNa1strontiumSr2tin IISn2tin IVSn4t08acetateC2H3O21arsenateAsO43arseniteAsO33borateBO33bromateBrO31bromideBr1bicarbonateHCO315}carbonateCO32perchlorateClO41chlorateClO31chloriteClO21hypochloriteClO1chlorideCl1chromateCrO425}dichromateCr2O72cyanateCNO1cyanideCN1flourideF1hydrideH1hydroxideOH1periodateIO41iodateIO31i5}odideI1nitrateNO31nitriteNO21oxalateC2O42oxideO2peroxideO22permanganateMnO41dihydrogen phosp5}hateH2PO41monohydrogen phosphateHPO42phosphatePO43bisulfateHSO41sulfateSO42bisulfiteHSO31sulf5}iteSO32bisulfideHS1sulfideS2thiocyanateSCN1CCCPCCCP0sulfateHSO41sulfateSO42bisulfiteHSO31sulf4E 8LROFACTORIAFACAAAA(;CbCbCb@ Cb9} ? @ ; H( (H(:Binomial (Bernoulli) experiments and Pascal's Triangle.''((See 9}doc files for explanation)((1) Binomial experiment(((2) Pascal's Triangle2)"@I AdPasc9}als Trianglen''(Pascal's  : Give row number orx(((type 0 for whole  (up to 67):#"#-@9}@6-- 6- P6- 6- P6- 6-&P6- (P:+'+$,,%?9},  "( ( ( ( @((Form used is :(b(x;n,p)=n x n-x ( 9} xp q (where:(x= number of succeses&(n= Number of trials0 (p= probability of succes:9}( input: D(as decimal) p=N n=X x=b 6- P6-l 6- P6-9}v 6-&P6-++6-+'+$,,$+#,$++@&,#+&,,!(!(Probability of exactly( succeses in the n9}ext((( trials, given the probability!!(of success is  is  @|}O}6-@ }-9}@6@}%"6-@% B!} 6-$(} d}6-P:%>,n}Q D:BERNOULL.I-8xUooCAUECCTCMFPSRECSHCCMEPQCBLBVRWVIRNAEFTQRTKE=}EAMSSIVUZTANDZDYEEJ@ =} =} !"#$%&'()=}*+,-./0123456789=}:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHI=}JKL@M@NOPQRSTU =% >:A%,=}Ӡ(tm)= Atari BASIC versionYO GCopyright (c) 1982, The Soft WarehouseBox 11174, Honolulu, Hawaii 96828Y Ap=}2 6-&6-&<" 6-8,6-8,) "$F @PP @P"@PZ$xK 6- A =}-%)68,-8,16-&5 K %@A$$ "8,6-&6-$ A  6- $)6-8&,=}"8,*!O:,&6-&)$!O:8,,6-$ 6- $; O:,6-N:,$'16.smaller magnitude; A+6=}-P:<%,%<O:&,+6-$" 6-%!8,$,!8,A6 A ATE 6- A=}-%'6-%368,-8,7 EA^ 6- $|"A A@"$, A@6-%=}68,-, A$ 6-"A A@"$, A@6-%68,-, Ap=}$ 6-& !8,6-&$!8,A A A : 6-8, A I 6-X Ap6=}-8,$v 6-% A , -6-%68,-8,# )6-,$ 6- 6- A ( -%6-%!=}68,-8,% ($ 6- Ap 6-%68,-$ 6- 6-%68,-$ A&p 6-%68,-=}$ 6-%68,-$ 6-& 6-8,"6-$  6-$ A AA=}$ 6- A  A&p4 A"6-$>"A0H 6-f 6-6-"6-&p =}"6-&C 6- A6-6-%6-/ A56-C"AP"A @`!A=} A# 6-% AP#"A 8 "68,-6-& 6-&6-.6-&8 A 5 A @=}"68,--68&,-56-&"Ap+ "6-& A !6-+ A@/ 6-&6-8,6-&%6=}-8,/ Ap. 6-& A 8 6-& A@V9 6- A "6-%6-/ A 9 AP` =}6-e 6-8,6-8, Ap~+ "6-8,6-8,!6-+ A p9 6- A "6-) A /6-=}9 AP 6- A%* 6-8,"6- 6-&* Ap9 6-6-8,"6-( Ap.6-66-&=}9$ 6-6-"6-& "6-&8,)8,Ac 6-& A 6-%%6-&/ A 7>}6-%@68,-K68&,-S6-&Y6-c A0()8,Ap(8,*8,A2% 68,-6-&%">}8,AP<p 6-& A 6-&' A 068,-;68&,-F68&,-N6-&V6-&` A h6-%p6-&>}AI A 6-%68,-)68&,-468&,-?68&,-I A`F| 6-& A 6-&' A 068,-;68>}&,-F68&,-Q68&,-\68&,-j6-&@r6-&| A KA 6-%6-& A %6-%.68,-968&>},-A6-%PN68&,-68&@,-068&@,->6-&@D6-N A0Z%%()8,)8,*8,A>}d% 68,-6-&%"8,A@n APxL 6- A`6-6-%6-/ A`56-L(*!O:8,,A >}(*!O:8,,A @`!Ap A 6-(6- 6-(6-(6-8,%>}8, AP((A0 " A  A0/ 68,-6-& A '68,-/6-&"A- >}"6-&6-&# A - A/ 6-&6-8,6-&%6-8,/ A`,# "6-&6-&# A6> }- 6-& A 6-#6-&- AT)O:8,,Ap^>6-8,$8, AP!6-'6--&668,->6> }-&h A0E 6- A "6-%6-/ A 56-;6-E A 6- 6-8,6-8, A`> }9 6- A "6-%6-/ A 9 A 6- A 6-& A 2 "8,6-& A > }( A 2 A` A 6- A  AR A()"6-$")(A0 A> }P A@:)(*O:,A@D) 6-6-& AP) AN 6-& APl2 "8,6-&>} AP( A 2 Av AP A { 6-} 6-%$A"*+)O:, ,6- 6-&6-0 AP66>}->6-%A$) 6-6-6- A ) A# Ap6-6-# AK 6-% A AP%6>}-+6-5 A@=6-&K!A 6- A0>M 6-8,6-8,+!O:,*+!)"P:,,36-%;6-#C6-&>}M Aq HF "6-& Ap!6-)6-%268,-< AF AqRL "6-&6-! 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A4#=4ApD  6-&6.N S 6- Af6-6-#)6-/6-9 A%E=C6-I6->}S A%Ev L 6-6-6- A %L "Some storage wasted: notify author ;4A ?4A>} . 0$6.different character. A  6- Ai   4A@ 06-@:,&@d6-8,0$"8,>}A`  68,-(A0 @ 6-6- A0'-@&08,@68,-8,&%   6-  A4>}4A ! A0 !(6-& A@! 68,- A ! 6-!!'6-% A"!> ->}    4 ERROR, expected > A4!?!8,)@ 8,56.existing topic number? A>!p >:A%>},p8,A AA@AAAA"A&A4AFA`f!V' >:A%,Help i>}s available on* V &1: Expressions 7: Compound Linesg!P' 2: Algebraic Expand 8: QuotingP $3: Functions >} 9: ReEvaluationh!b* "4: More Expansion 10: DerivativeO  5: Assignments 11: Integralb 6: Non-displayi!A > 3>}Enter a topic number followed by a question markA j!T, $Study topics in order the first time/ J See manual for deta>}ilsT A !QQ IAfter each question mark prompt, enteran expression using digits, decimal!T(  points, parentheses and>} 1-letterT &variables together with operators +, -!SS K/, * and ^. The latter means raising to a power. *, meaning mu>}ltiply, can!UU Lbe omitted. Following each such inputan equivalent expression is displayed,!K) !derived by reordering>}, collectingK similar terms, and other mild![+ #transformations. As examples, type. H 3 X^2 Y + 5 (XYX - 7)[ (A>}^2*B)^.5 / A! A!N& Type < to turn on expansion ofN #positive integer powers of sums and"P) !full distribut>}ion of numerator orP "denominator factors over numerator"R' sums. Type > to turn off theseO #transformations. For e>}xample, typeR "@  <(X+Y)^2>!  <(X+Y)(X-Y)6 (X+Y)/(X-Y) + 5>@ A$"UU LExpressions can include the six radian>}trig functions SIN, COS, TAN, COT, SEC."UU Land CSC, along with their first three inverses ASN, ACS and ACT. Expressions>}8"UU Lcan also contain the natural log and exponential functions, spelled LOG andB"RR JEXP. Parentheses can be omitted >}from around arguments that are constants,L"SS Kvariables, functional forms, or their negatives. Automatic transformations>}V"aP Hexploit symmetry, inversion, logs of powers, and numeric arguments. Asa  Examples tryZ"E  > COS -X!  EXP L>}OG X/  LOG (X^2); 4 ATN 1E A\"RR JWhen ALGEBRAIC expansion is turned on via <, logs of products or quotients^">}SS Kare rephrased as sums or differences of logs, and other trig functions are`"RR Jreplaced by sines and cosines. Typin>}g[ turns on HARMONIC expansion, whichb"PP Htransforms positive integer powers andproducts of sines and cosines intod"S* ">}'linear combinations' of sines andS $cosines of multiple angles and anglef"ZW Osums or differences. Typing ] turns off >}harmonic expansion. As examples, tryZ h"W  < LOG (XY/Z)$  TAN X CSC X6  [ SIN X COS YM SINX^2 + COSX^2 ]>W A>}j"> An entry of the form ;  variable = expression> l"N) !causes the resulting value of theN  expression to b>}e ASSIGNED to then"S& variable for use in subsequentP %expressions. For example, try typingS p"4  P = 5(X+Y+Z)* >}P + 1/P + X LOG P4 Ar"ll dFollow an assignment with a semicolon to suppress display of an assigned value. For ex>}ample, tryt"%  P = S+1; P^3% Av"RR JSeveral assignments can precede an assignment or expression in a si>}nglex"]: 2entry, separated by semicolons. For example, try= S P=R+1; Q=L+P; Q^2] Az"QQ ITo prevent a name fr>}om contributing its value to an expression, precede|"Q(  the name by an apostrophe. ThisQ $provides a way of clearing >}the value~"L: 2of a variable back to its name. For example, try= L  P=L+5; P^2"  P='P; P^2 A"< If we>} enter the line 9 H='H; P=H+1; H=2; P^2< "PP Hthen H becomes 2 after P becomes H+1, so the displayed result is (H+1)>}^2"UU Lrather than 9. However, we can followthe expression P^2 with the operator @"OL Dto RE-EVALUATE P^2 so that H t>}herein is updated to its new value 2:O "d H='H; P=H+1; H=2; P^2 @" d =@ has the same precedence and left-to-right o>}rder as addition" A"MM ETo determine the partial derivative ofan expression with respect to a"T2 *variable, e>}nter an expression of the form5 Q  expression % variableT "L(  % is named to suggest a ratio ofL infinitesimals.>} % has the same"LI Aprecedence and left-to-right order as addition. As examples, tryL "C% X='X; A='A; AX^3 + SIN X>} % X9 A^2 X^3 % X % AC A"UU LTo determine an antiderivative of an expression with respect to a variable,"I' >}enter an expression of the form* F  expression $ variableI "R) !$ is named to suggest an integralR $sign. $ has>} the same precedence and"PP Hleft-to-right order as addition. Avoidexpansion of integrands, which may"L(  mask a known >}integrable pattern,L because algebraic then harmonic"PP Hexpansion are tried automatically if the given form can't be >}integrated"^# directly. As examples, try& H X='X; A='A; 3AX^2 + COS X $ X^ COS LOG X / X $ X(#f \ QAfter ente>}ring several such examples, enter a question mark to see the help menu.f A %"6.easier problem" A'>} D:CALCULUSer a question mark to see the help menu.f A %"6.easier problem" A'<