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Some BASIC programs m j}ay contain instructions in their program listings. LIST to read. -To view DOCumentation files one page at a time, k} press [START], [Return], or the Joystick Trigger to display the highlighted DOC file. Pressing the [Esc] key cau l}ses a return to MENU. -To print out a hard-copy of any DOCumentation file, [Q]uit the MENU, boot DOS, and then from m} DOS, use the (C)Copy command: D:Filename.DOC,P: -To use this great MENU program on your own disks, simply n} copy the file "AUTORUN.SYS". D:Filename.DOC,P: -To use this great MENU program on your own disks, simply ! **************** **************** **************** **** ****p} **** ************************** * TURBO BASIC 1.4 * ************************** q} **** **** **** **** ************************** * ATARI 400r}/800 VERSION! * ************************** Side 2 of this disk contains the fantastic Public Domain program TURBOs} BASIC. TURBO BASIC is a new BASIC language program developed by Happy Computing Magazine. It was written in Germt}any and Holland originally for the Atari XL/XE computers. Here, at long last, is a version for the older (and still bu}etter??) Atari 400/800 machines. (TURBO BASIC 1.4 will also run on your friend's XL/XE models.) PLEASE NOTE: ***v}********* This TURBO BASIC version 1.4 is virtually identical to the original XL/XE version, however, there are somew} TURBO BASIC programs designed for the XL/XE that are not compatible with it, and they will not run on the 400/800 cox}mputer. You will have to experiment. Regular Atari BASIC programs written for the 400/800 are compatible with TURBO y}BASIC 1.4. TO USE TURBO BASIC 1.4 ---------------------- [1] Remove your Atari BASIC cartridge and z}insert side 2 of this disk into your disk drive. [2] Turn on your computer. Your TURBO disk will now auto{} boot and load TURBO BASIC into your Atari. Be sure to boot your TURBO disk before you attempt to load and run any pro|}gram written in TURBO BASIC. HOW TO MAKE A BACKUP (COPYING THE TURBO BASIC DISK) -------------------------}}----- TURBO BASIC 1.4 is contained in a unique 180 sector "DOS.SYS" file. The easiest method to make a backup copy i~}s to use any SECTOR COPIER, such as Black Rabit or CopyMate. It is recommended you make a backup copy. TURBO BA}SIC DOCUMENTATION ------------------------- "TURBO.DOC" - is an English translation of the original German docume}ntation, and gives a description of the commands within TURBO BASIC which are different from Atari BASIC. "COMMANDS}.DOC" - is a useful summary of all the TURBO BASIC commands. A printout of this list would be very useful when you are} programming. PRINTING THE TURBO BASIC DOCUMENTATION ------------------------ These DOC f}iles may be easily viewed using the Menu provided on this disk. They may also be printed out using the (C)copy comman}d from DOS => Dn:Filename.ext,P: It is recommended that you make a printed copy of the manuals as you will n}eed to refer to the commands while programming. ********** ********** *** *****}********** * TURBO BASIC * PROGRAMS *************** *** *** } *** ALSO INCLUDED ON THIS DISK ARE SEVERAL PROGRAMS THAT ARE WRITTEN IN "TURBO BASIC" FOR YOU TO EXPERIMENT} WITH. YOU WILL HAVE TO LOAD IN "TURBO BASIC" FIRST (AVAILABLE ON SIDE 2), IN ORDER TO LOAD AND RUN THESE PROGRAMS. } THESE PROGRAMS WILL "NOT" RUN IN REGULAR ATARI BASIC! IMPORTANT! PROGRAM LOADING INSTRUCTIONS ---}------------------------- TO LOAD THE TURBO BASIC PROGRAMS ON THIS DISK, FIRST BOOT "TURBO BASIC" INTO YOUR COMPUTER. }AFTER THE FAMILIAR "READY" PROMPT APPEARS, REMOVE THE "TURBO BASIC" DISK AND INSERT THIS PROGRAM DISK INTO YOUR DISK }DRIVE. NOW YOU MAY USE THE "TURBO BASIC" COMMAND 'DIR' TO VIEW THE DISK DIRECTORY OF FILES. SIMPLY TYPE 'DIR' AND PR}ESS THE [RETURN] KEY. A DIRECTORY OF DISK FILES WILL APPEAR ON YOUR SCREEN. NOW, USE THE FAMILIAR COMMANDS... }LOAD"Dn:Filename.Ext" OR RUN"Dn:Filename.Ext" ...TO LOAD OR RUN THE DESIRED PROGRAM FILES. } THESE "TURBO BASIC" PROGRAMS ARE USEFUL IN DEMONSTRATING THE UNIQUE POWER OF "TURBO BASIC". BY STUDYING THE LISTINGS O}F THESE PROGRAMS, YOU WILL LEARN HOW TO WRITE YOUR OWN PROGRAMS IN THE "TURBO BASIC" COMPUTER LANGUAGE. THESE PROGRA}MS HAVE BEEN CHOSEN TO DEMONSTRATE A GREAT VARIETY OF PROGRAMMING SITUATIONS. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ } TEST ---- THIS SIMPLE PROGRAM IS WRITTEN IN ATARI BASIC. IT MAY BE USED TO DEMO THE DRAMATI}C INCREASE IN EXECUTION SPEED WHEN A PROGRAM WRITTEN IN ATARI BASIC IS RUN IN THE NEWER "TURBO BASIC". THE COMPUTER }WILL TIME ITSELF AS THE DEMO IS RUN, AND INDICATE HOW LONG IT TOOK TO FILL THE SCREEN WITH SIMPLE CHARACTER GRAPHICS.} FIRST RUN THE PROGRAM USING YOUR ATARI BASIC CARTRIDGE, THEN BOOT UP TURBO BASIC AND RUN THE DEMO PROGRAM AGAIN, NOTI}NG THE RUNNING TIME DIFERENCE. TURBO BASIC WILL RUN ATARI BASIC PROGRAMS 3-5 TIMES FASTER. NOW, GET OUT THAT SLOW AT}ARI BASIC GAME AND TRY IT WITH TURBO BASIC. TURBO BASIC WILL SPEED UP MOST OF YOUR ATARI BASIC PROGRAMS 3-5 TIMES. IS}N'T TURBO BASIC THE GREATEST THING OUT SINCE SLICED BREAD? ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ P/M MOVE} -------- DEMOS "TURBO BASIC"'s SPEED IN SETTING UP P/M GRAPHICS. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^} PUT/GET ------- DEMO's "TURBO BASIC"'s ABILITY TO INCREASE DISK ACCESS TIME BY A DRAMATIC }40%! NOTE: THIS PROGRAM WRITES A SMALL DATA FILE TO THE DISK. BEFORE RUNNING, INSERT A BLANK FORMATTED DISK. SHOULD} YOU FORGET, IT WON'T HURT ANYTHING. YOU'LL JUST HAVE AN EXTRA FILE ON YOUR DISK. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^} AND, FOR A BIT OF FUN... ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ EUCHRE ------ NOW YOU CA}N PLAY A FAST GAME OF 4-HAND EUCHRE BY YOURSELF. YOUR ATARI IS YOUR PARTNER AS YOU MATCH WITS WITH 2 COMPUTER OPPONE}NTS. STANDARD EUCHRE RULES. A FUN VERSION OF A GREAT CARD GAME. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ TOWERS }OF HANOI --------------- FROM GERMANY COMES "TUERME VON HONOI". THIS PROGRAM DEMONSTRATES "TURBO BASIC"'s SP}EED AS YOU WATCH THE SOLUTION OF THIS FAMOUS PUZZLE. AFTER THE GRAPHICS DISPLAY IS FINISHED A PROMPT WILL BE DISPLAYE}D. ENTER A NUMBER, DEPENDING ON THE NUMBER OF STEPS YOU WOULD LIKE TO SEE, AND THE COMPUTER WILL GIVE YOU A LISTING O}F THE SOLUTION MOVES. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ NDR --- FROM GERMANY COMES A} CRISP AND COLORFUL "TEST PATTERN" WHICH YOU CAN USE TO CHECK YOUR TV/MONITOR SCREEN IMAGE. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^}^^^^^^^^^^ TYPING TRAINER -------------- "TIPP TRAINER" FROM GERMANY IS A GREAT TYPING TESTER/EX}ERCISER. PRACTICE TYPING FINGER EXERCISES, TEXT, LETTERS, MISC DATA, AND PROGRAM LISTINGS. ALTHOUGH IT IS IN GERMAN,} YOU WILL STILL FIND IT TO BE EXCELLENT AS A TRAINING TOOL TO LEARN TOUCH TYPING. YOU'LL HAVE TO EXPERIMENT TO LEARN }HOW TO USE IT THOUGH IF YOU CAN'T READ GERMAN. BUT THEN, THAT'S PART OF THE FUN TOO. HINT: TO START OFF, THE FIRST P}ROMPT YOU SEE IS REQUESTING A NUMBER INPUT. ENTER A NUMBER 1, 2, ETC. TO CHOOSE DIFFERENT EXERCISES. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^}^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ENJOY...NUMBER INPUT. ENTER A NUMBER 1, 2, ETC. TO CHOOSE DIFFERENT EXERCISES. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ **************** **************** **************** **** ****} **** ************************** * TURBO BASIC 1.4 * ************************** } **** **** **** **** ************************** * ATARI 400}/800 VERSION! * ************************** ************************** *TURBO BASIC COMMAND LIST* *******}******************* Compiled and Translated by Dave and Laura Yearke ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ }THE FOLLOWING DOCUMENTATION, ALTHOUGH ORIGINALLY WRITTEN FOR THE XL/XE VERSION OF TURBO BASIC, ALSO APPLIES TO THE 400/}800 VERSION. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ This documentation is provided by the Western New York Atari Users} Group and may be reprinted freely provided this credit is included. In case you've just landed from Mars, or just pl}ain haven't heard yet, TURBO BASIC is the exciting new Public Domain Basic Interpreter that we recieved from the Atar}i Users Group in Holland. It works on the XL or XE series of Atari computers. It's almost too good to be true and shoul}d be a definate must for all XE or XL Atari owners. Turbo BASIC offers 42 more commands and 22 more functions than} regular Atari BASIC. It also runs 3 times faster than Atari BASIC, includes most DOS commands, has advanced graphics } and programming functions, and is insensitive to lower case or inverse characters for most commands. In other words, } programs may be typed in upper or lower case. PLUS...PLUS...PLUS... Turbo Basic is fully compatible with Atari B}asic and can be used to run any Atari Basic program at 3-5 times faster speed! Simply boot up the Turbo Basic disk and} proceed as usual to load your Atari programs. The only restriction is that you will need to re-boot after using DOS } (although there are inbuilt DOS functions in Turbo Basic, so you would normally not need to use DOS). =====}=============== TURBO BASIC COMMANDS ==================== The following Turbo Basic Commands are given i}n the form "Name", "Syntax", and "Description" underneath. DISK I/O -------- BLOAD BLOAD"D:name" -Binary }loads file name (DOS option L with /N). BRUN BRUN"D:name" -Binary load and run file name (DOS option L). }DELETE DELETE"D:name" -Deletes the file name (DOS option D). DIR DIR -Disk directory (DOS option A). } DIR"Dn:*.*" -Directory of drive n, note that wildcard extenders may be used. LOCK LOCK"D:name" -Lo}cks the file name (DOS option F). RENAME RENAME"D:old,new" -Renames the file name (DOS option E). UNLOCK } UNLOCK"D:name" -Unlocks the file name (DOS option G). GRAPHICS -------- CIRCLE CIRCLE x,y,r -Plots a ci}rcle with center at x,y and radius r. CIRCLE x,y,r,r2 -R2 is an optional "vertical radius" for true cir}cles or ellipses. CLS CLS -Clears the screen. CLS #6 -Clear screen opened in channel 6. }FCOLOR FCOLOR n -Determines fill color. FILLTO FILLTO x,y -A fill command analagous to the BASIC commands "}POSITION x,y: XIO 18,#6,0,0,"S:" PAINT PAINT x,y -Another type of fill command, this one is a recursive routi}ne that will fill any closed object as long as x,y are inside it. TEXT TEXT x,y,a$ -bit-blocks text in a$ at} x,y. MEMORY ------ DPOKE DPOKE m,v -Pokes location m,m+1 with 2-byte integer v(0<=v<=65535). MOVE } MOVE m,m1,m2 -Block transfer; moves m2 (number of bytes) from starting position m to new starting position m1. -}MOVE -MOVE m,m1,m2 -Same as MOVE but copies starting with the last byte of the block. BPUT BPUT #n,adr,len} -Block Put; same as FOR I=0 TO len-1:PUT #n,PEEK (adr+I):NEXT I BGET BGET #n,adr,len -Block Get; same as FOR} I=0 TO len-1:GET #N,A: POKE adr+I):NEXT I %PUT %PUT #n,a -Until now, there was no convenient way to put }numeric values onto disk or cassette files other than by using PRINT, which converted them to strings first, a sl}ow and cumbersome process. %PUT puts the number to the device "as is," in 6-byte FP format. %GET %GET #n,A} -Get a number stored with %PUT from the device and store it in variable A. Again, this is much faster than using} "INPUT #n, A". STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING ---------------------- REPEAT REPEAT -Start a REPEAT-UNTIL loop. UNT}IL UNTIL -Terminate when condition met. WHILE WHILE -Start a WHILE-WEND loop to end when c}ondition met. WEND WEND -Terminate a WHILE-END loop. ELSE ELSE -Optional extension for IF. The I}F condition must not be followed by a "THEN", but terminated by end-of-line or colon. ENDIF ENDIF -Ends an} IF-ELSE-ENDIF or IF-ELSE condition. Note that this allows an IF condition to span more than one BASIC line, pro}vided the "IF" statement is structured as shown in Note 4. DO DO -Starts an "infinite" DO loop. LOOP } LOOP -Cycle back to the start of a DO loop. EXIT EXIT -Exit a DO-LOOP loop. PROC PROC name} -Start definition of procedure. ENDPROC ENDPROC -End definition of procedure. EXEC EXEC name -Execu}te procedure name. GENERAL PROGRAMMING ------------------- PAUSE PAUSE n -Pause processing for n/50 seconds.} RENUM RENUM n,i,j -Renumber the program starting at line n,first number is i, increment is j. This function} will handle GOTOs, TRAPs, and all other line references except those which involve variables or computed values.} DEL DEL n,i -Delete lines n-i. DUMP DUMP -Display all variables and values. For numeric arrays, th}e numbers are the DIMed values plus one. For strings, the first number is the current LENgth of it and the secon}d number is the DIMed size of it. DUMP also lists procedure names and labels with their line values. } DUMP name -DUMP to device name, such as "P:" or "D:DUMP.DAT". TRACE TRACE -Trace program during execution.} TRACE- -Turns trace mode off (Default). DSOUND DSOUND n,f,d,v -Form of SOUND which activates chann}el-pairing for increased frequency range. DSOUND -Turns off all sounds. GO TO GO TO n -Alternate} form of GOTO. *L *L -Turn line-indent on (Default). *L- -Turns line-indent off. *F *F} (or *F+) -Special mode for FOR..NEXT loops which corrects a bug in Atari BASIC. Seems that in Atari BASIC, an "}illegal" reverse loop like "FOR X=2 TO 1:PRINT X:NEXT X" will execute once even though the condition is met initiall}y (X is already greater than 1). Turbo BASIC fixes this bug, but leaves it available for Atari BASIC programs wh}ich may take advantage of it. *F- -Turns off the special FOR..NEXT mode to make Turbo BASIC act like} Atari BASIC. *B *B (or *B+) -Command which allows the break key to be trapped via the "TRAP" command with}in a program. *B- -Turns off the special BREAK key mode. -- -- -Special form of REM which put}s 30 dashes in a program listing. LINE LABELS ----------- # # name -Assigns the current line number } to the label name. This is a convenient way to get around the problem of renumbering when using variables as line }numbers. Labels can be thought of as a special form of variable, as they occupy the variable name table along wit}h the "regular" variables. We also believe that the number of variables allowed has been increased from 128 to 2}56 to allow for the addition of these labels. GO# GO# name -Analagous to the GOTO command. MODIFICATIONS } ------------- CLOSE CLOSE -Close channels 1-7. DIM DIM a(n) -Will automatically assign a value of z}ero to all elements of the numeric array being dimensioned, and null characters to all elements of a string (The }LEN is still variable, however, and initially zero). GET GET name -Wait for a key press, assign the value t}o name. Same as "OPEN #7,4,0,"K:":GET#7,name:CLOSE#7". INPUT INPUT "text";a,b... -Prints text as a prompt befor}e asking for variable(s), same as Microsoft-BASIC. LIST LIST n, -List program from line n to end. ON } ON a EXEC n1,n2,... -Variation of ON...GOSUB for procedures. N1, n2 and so on are names of procedures to be r}un. ON a GO# n1,n2,... -Similar to ON...GOTO except that line labels are used instead of line numbers.} POP POP -This command now pops the runtime stack for all four types of loops. PUT PUT n -Same a}s "PRINT CHR$(n)"; RESTORE RESTORE #name -Restores the data line indicated by the label name. RND RND }-Parentheses are no longer needed at the end of this command, but it will still work if they are there. SOUND } SOUND -Turn off all sounds. TRAP TRAP #name -TRAPs to the line referenced by the label name. ====}================= TURBO BASIC FUNCTIONS ===================== ARITHMETIC/LOGIC ---------------- HEX$ } HEX$(n) -Convert n to hex string. DEC DEC(a$) -Convert hex string A$ to decimal. DIV n DIV i -}Integer quotient of n/i. MOD n MOD i -Integer remainder of n/i. FRAC FRAC(a) -Fractional part of a. } TRUNC TRUNC(a) -Truncates fractional part of a. RAND RAND(n) -Generates random number 0-n. $ $n}nnn -Allows input of hexidecimal numbers, but they are converted to decimal. Ex: "FOR I=$0600 to $067F" => "FOR} I=1536 to 1663". & n & i -8-bit boolean AND. ! n ! i -8-bit boolean OR. EXOR n EXOR i} - 8-bit Exclusive-OR. MEMORY ------ DPEEK DPEEK(m) -Double-PEEK of m,m+1. TIME TIME -Time of d}ay(numeric). TIME$ TIME$ -Time of day string, HHMMSS. WARNING: Unfortunately, the time commands don't work p}roperly for North American Ataris, because they were written for European Ataris which operate at 50 Hz, instead }of 60 Hz like American and Canadian ones, the net result being that they gain 12 minutes each hour. It may have limi}ted use in some Game applications though. INKEY$ INKEY$ -Returns last character typed. INSTR INSTR(x$,a}$) -Returns relative location of start of string A$ within X$ (returns 0 if not found). The match must be exact;} strings with the same letters but differences in case or type (normal or inverse) will not be found. } INSTR(x$,a$,i) -i specifies the starting point of the search. UINSTR UINSTR(x$,a$) -Same as INSTR, does not} distinguish between case or inverse characters. Ex: UINSTR("HeLlO","hello") returns 1. UINSTR(x$,a$,}i) -Specifies optional starting point. ERR ERR -Value of last error number. ERL ERL -Line last }error occurred at. CONSTANTS --------- %0 %1 %2 %3 -These four constants simply stand for the numbers } 0-3, respectively. The difference with using these in a program is that "X=1" requires 10 bytes, whereas "X=%1" } only needs 4 (numbers require 7 bytes, 6 for the number plus an identifier preceeding it. It is always a good p }ractice to make variables for numbers that are used more than three times in a program). ADDITIONAL NOTES ------- }--------- 1. Variable, Procedure and Label names may contain the underscore (_) character. 2. To print a  }double-quote (") in a text string, use two of them together, instead of the Atari BASIC method of using } CHR$(34). Ex: "TEST";CHR$(34);"TEXT" becomes "TEST""TEXT" in Turbo-BASIC, both of which produce }the output => TEST"TEXT. 3. Upon initial boot-up, TURBO-BASIC looks for a BASIC file named AUTORUN.BAS.} If it finds an AUTORUN.BAS file, it will automatically load and run this file. This feature can be u}sed for many useful applications. 4. A multiline IF is constructed like this: 10 IF X>10 20 PRIN}T X-10 30 GO# TOO_BIG 40 ELSE 50 PRINT X 60 GO# X_IS_OK 70 ENDIF Note also the use of li}ne labels in the the GOTO statements. ERROR MESSAGES -------------- Turbo-BASIC also prints out Englis}h descriptions of all errors, including several new ones for errors involving the new Turbo Basic commands: Error - }22 ?NEST = Loops not properly nested. Error - 23 ?WHILE = WEND with no corresponding WHILE. Error - 24 ?REPEAT = UN}TIL with no corresponding REPEAT. Error - 25 ?DO = LOOP with no corresponding DO. Error - 26 ?EXIT = EXIT is outsid}e a loop. Error - 27 ?XPROC = Error executing PROC. Error - 28 ?EXEC = ENDPROC with no corresponding EXEC. Err}or - 29 ?PROC = Procedure does not exist. Error - 30 ?# = Label does not exist. Also, Error 15 has been expanded} to include an UNTIL which relates to a REPEAT which has been deleted. ---Dave & Laura Yearke expandedt **************** **************** **************** **** ****} **** ************************** * TURBO BASIC 1.4 * ************************** } **** **** **** **** ************************** * ATARI 400}/800 VERSION! * ************************** ******************************** * TURBO BASIC COMMAND SUMMARY * ****}****************************-- --! n!i# #name$ $nnnn%0 Constant%1 } Constant%2 Constant%3 Constant%PUT %PUT#n,a%GET %GET#n,A& n & i*L  } *L *L-*F *F (or *F+) *F-*B *B (or *B+) *B-BGET BGET#n,ad!}r,lenBLOAD BLOAD"D:name"BPUT BPUT#n,adr,lenBRUN BRUN"D:name"CIRCLE CIRCLE x,y,r CIRC"}LE x,y,r,r2CLOSE CLOSECLS CLS CLS #6DEC DEC(a$)DEL DEL n,iDELETE DELETE"D#}:name"DIM DIM a(n)DIR DIR DIR"Dn:*.*"DIV n DIV iDO DODPEEK DPEEK(m)D$}POKE DPOKE m,vDSOUND DSOUND n,f,d,v DSOUNDDUMP DUMP DUMP nameELSE ELSEEN%}DIF ENDIFENDPROC ENDPROCERL ERLERR ERREXEC EXEC nameEXIT EXITEXOR n EXOR&} iFCOLOR FCOLOR nFILLTO FILLTO x,yFRAC FRAC(a)GET GET nameGO# GO# nameGO TO GO T'}O nHEX$ HEX$(n)INKEY$ INKEY$INPUT INPUT 'text';a,b...INSTR INSTR(x$,a$) INSTR(x$,a$,i(})LIST LIST n,LOCK LOCK"D:name"LOOP LOOPMOD n MOD iMOVE MOVE m,m1,m2-MOVE -MOV)}E m,m1,m2ON ON a EXEC n1,n2,... 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