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B...TO SELECT OPTIMUM SAILS }FOR THE FORCAST WEATHER. C...TO SAIL THE QUICKEST BOAT AND CROSS THE FINISH LINE AHEAD OF THE OTHER BOAT.} THE FIRST BOAT TO WIN FOUR RACES WINS THE CUP! THIS GAME IS DESIGNED FOR TWO PLAYERS BUT IF YOU HAVE TROUBLE FIN}DING AN OPPONENT, THEN TRY BEATING YOURSELF SAILING PRACTICE RUNS, OR TRY SAILING BOTH BOATS AT ONCE (THIS IS POSSIBLE,} BUT IT REQUIRES CONCENTRATION). YOU WILL FIND IT WELL WORTH YOUR WHILE TO READ THROUGH THIS ENTIRE MANUAL. AMERICAS} CUP IS NOT A DIFFICULT GAME, BUT IT IS A DETAILED AND ACCURATE SAILING SIMULATION, AND THE MANUAL IS DESIGNED TO GIV}E YOU MAXIMUM PLEASURE IN PLAYING IT. BELIEVE ME, YOU'LL GET HOOKED ON PLAYING AMERICAS CUP!!! HOW TO DESIGN }YOUR BOAT ======================= YACHTS HAVE TO SAIL IN THREE MAIN DIRECTIONS, WITH RESPECT TO WIND DIRECTION}, i.e., TACKING, REACHING, RUNNING. 1. TACKING (INTO THE WIND). THIS IS PROBABLY THE MOST IMPORTANT ASPECT OF BOAT }DESIGN, SINCE THE GREATER PROPORTION OF ANY RACE IS SAILED IN THIS DIRECTION. 2. REACHING (ANY DIRECTION WHICH }IS NOT INTO THE WIND OR DIRECTLY DOWN WITH THE WIND). THIS DESIGN FEATURE OF THE BOAT MAINLY COVERS THE TWO LEGS OU}T TO THE WING MARK AND BACK. THE DOWN WIND LEG CAN ALSO BE SAILED BY REACHING FROM LEFT TO RIGHT UNTIL LEVEL WITH THE} BOTTOM MARK. 3. DOWN WIND (WITH THE WIND). ONLY ONE LEG OF THE RACE IS SAILED DIRECTLY DOWNWIND. DESPITE THIS FACT} IT IS STILL VERY IMPORTANT. (REMEMBER: AUSTRALIA II TOOK THE LEAD ON THIS LEG AND FROM THERE LIBERTY WAS UNABLE TO O}UT TACK ON THE LAST BEAT TO WINDWARD!) IN ORDER TO DESIGN YOUR BOAT, YOU MUST SELECT A VALUE FOR EACH OF THE 3 DIREC}TIONS. THE TOTAL OF THESE 3 NUMBERS MUST NOT EXCEED A VALUE OF 5. FOR EXAMPLE: BOAT 1 _________}______ INTO WIND 3.0 REACHING 1.3 DOWN WIND 0.7 --- TOTA}L 5.0 BOAT 2 _______________ INTO WIND 2.5 REACHING 1.8 D}OWN WIND 0.7 --- TOTAL 5.0 BOAT 3 _______________ } INTO WIND 2.7 REACHING 1.5 DOWN WIND 1.5 --- TOTAL 5.7 } FROM THE ABOVE EXAMPLES, IT CAN BE SEEN THAT BOAT 1 IS FASTER INTO WIND BUT IS SLOWER IN REACHING LEGS. BOAT 3 HAS AN} INVALID ENTRY (TOTAL>5.0), AND WOULD HAVE TO BE DESIGNED AGAIN. WEATHER FORCASTS ================} BEFORE EACH RACE, A WEATHER FORCAST WILL BE GIVEN. STUDY IT CAREFULLY. RACES HAVE BEEN WON AND LOST DUE TO INCORREC}T SAIL SELECTION. THE FORECAST CONSISTS OF TWO PARTS: 1. WIND STRENGTH: THE WIND STRENGTH WILL BE GIVEN FOR THE S}TART OF THE RACE. IT WILL VARY FROM 5 KNOTS UP TO 25 KNOTS. 2. WIND STRENGTH VARIATION: THIS CONSISTS OF A STATEMEN}T DESCRIBING THE AMOUNT OF CHANGE THAT IS LIKELY. HOW TO SELECT YOUR SAILS ======================== TH}E VALUE YOU CHOOSE FOR YOUR SAILS WILL RANGE FROM 0.7 FOR HEAVIER WINDS TO 1.4 FOR LIGHTER WINDS. SELECTING BIGGER SAIL}S WILL GIVE YOU THE EDGE IN LIGHT CONDITIONS BUT WILL BE A HINDRANCE IN HEAVY WEATHER. IF YOU GAMBLE ON SAILS ABOVE A} VALUE OF 1, THEN THE FORECAST WINDS SHOULD START OUT LESS THAN 15 KNOTS AND HAVE LITTLE CHANCE OF CHANGING. THE R}EVERSE CAN HAPPEN. THE WIND COULD START OUT HEAVY AND TURN LIGHT. WITH LARGER SAILS ON BOARD, YOU COULD TAKE ADVANTAGE} AND FINISH FAST TO WIN FROM BEHIND. THE FINAL DECISION IS YOURS. WITH EXPERIENCE YOU WILL BE ABLE TO SELECT SAILS TO }MATCH THE WINDS WHICH HAVE BEEN FORECAST. I WON'T GIVE YOU ANY CLUES HERE. IT'S ENTIRELY UP TO YOU TO EXPERIMENT AND }FIND OUT WHICH WEATHER PATTERNS SUIT YOUR SAILS AND YOUR TACTICS BEST. AFTER DEVELOPING YOUR SKILLS, AS AN EXPERIENCE}D SKIPPER, YOU WILL HAVE THE EDGE ON YOUR OPPONENT. (HOWEVER BE CAUTIOUS. FORECASTING THE WEATHER IS A TRICKY BUSINESS,} WHICH CAN, AND WILL, COST YOU THE RACE WHEN THE WEATHER TURNS UNEXPECTEDLY.) SAILING THE RACE =}=============== CHANGING DIRECTIONS: THE BOATS CAN SAIL IN 7 DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS, CORRESPONDING TO 7 OF THE JOYST}ICK POSITIONS AS ILLUSTRATED BELOW: WINDS FROM THIS DIRECTION ((((((((( ))))))( } ((((( ))) ( T T \ / T=TACKING } \ / R=REACHING \ / D=DOWN WIND -----O----- /|\ O=JOYSTIC}K / | \ CENTER / | \ R | R D } JOYSTICK PORT #1 IS "LIBERTY", AND PORT #2 IS "AUSTRALIA II". THE SAILS OF THE BOAT WILL CHANGE WITH} THE DIRECTION, AS YOU WILL SEE. THE SPINNAKERS ARE THE SAME COLOUR AS THE HUL, WITH A WHITE BAND ACROSS THE MIDDLE. TH}E ONLY DIRECTION THAT WON'T RESPOND TO THE JOYSTICK, IS FORWARD. THIS IS FOR OBVIOUS REASONS, THAT IS, YACHTS CAN'T S}AIL DIRECTLY INTO THE WIND. STARTING MANOUEVERS: AT THE START BOTH LIBERTY AND AUSTRALIA II ARE POSITIONED TO TH}E LEFT AND UPWIND OF THE STARTING LINE. THERE IS JUST 2 MINUTES TO SAIL INTO A POSITION WHICH WILL GIVE YOU ADVANTAGE. }IF YOU LISTEN CAREFULLY, YOU WILL HEAR THE WARNING BELL SOUND AT: 1 MINUTE TO GO 30 SECONDS TO GO } 5 SECONDS TO GO THE GUN WILL FIRE AT THE START. IF YOU CROSS THE LINE TOO EARLY THEN YOU WILL BE PENALISED, AND} AS A RESULT LOSE PRECIOUS TIME. BE CAREFUL. BAD STARTS CAN COST YOU THE RACE. IT IS BETTER TO BE JUST BEHIND THE GUN} RATHER THAN SPOT ON AND RISK BEING PENALISED. SAILING THE COURSE ================== _}______ / ____ \ / /# F \ | / | | | | / | | | | 2/ |} | |4| / | | | |1 / 5| | | | WING <# | |6| | S=START \ | | | | F=FINISH} \ | | | | #=MARK or \ | | | | BUOY 3\ | | | | \ |# | | | } \ \__/ | S \_____/ 1st LEG...INTO THE WIND. SAIL THIS LEG TACKING FROM LE}FT TO RIGHT UP TO THE TOP MARK (BUOY AT TOP OF SCREEN). 2nd LEG...REACHING OUT TO THE }WING MARK. 3rd LEG...REACHING BACK TO THE BOTTOM MARK (SAME AS THE STARTING LINE). 4th LEG...SA}ME AS FIRST LEG. 5th LEG...THIS IS THE ONLY LEG WHICH IS SAILED DIRECTLY DOWN WIND. IT } CAN HOWEVER BE SAILED BY REACHING FROM LEFT TO RIGHT. THIS MAY BE DONE FOR VARIOUS } REASONS - YOUR BOAT MAY BE DESIGNED FOR FASTER REACHING, RATHER THAN DOWN WIND PER}FORMANCE - THERE MAY BE MORE FAVOURABLE WINDS TO THE LEFT OR RIGHT OF THE COU}RSE - YOU MAY WANT TO AVOID THE STORM. 6th LEG...THIS IS THE FINAL BEAT TO WINDWARD AND INSTEAD } OF ROUNDING THE TOP MARK, YOU CONTINUE SAILING ON PAST THE FINISH LINE UNTIL TH}E COMPUTER DISPLAYS WHO WON. THIS HAPPENS WHEN ONE BOAT IS ALMOST A BOAT LENG}TH PAST THE FINISH LINE. ROUNDING THE MARK: WHEN ROUNDING THE MARK, YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED TO TOUCH THE BUO}Y. IF YOUR BOAT COMES INTO CONTACT WITH THE BUOY YOU WILL SEE THE SAIL COLOUR CHANGE AND A BUMPING NOISE WILL BE AUDI}BLE. WHEN THIS HAPPENS, YOU ARE REQUIRED TO GO BACK AND ROUND THE BUOY WITHOUT TOUCHING IT. THIS REROUNDING MANOUEVER} IS VERY VERY TIME CONSUMING AND IT SHOULD BE AVOIDED AT ALL COSTS! ALSO, NEVER NEVER SAIL OFF THE T.V. SCREEN OR YOU} WILL BE DEEMED TO BE LOST AND THE RACE WILL BE STOPPED! RECORDING YOUR TIME: AS YOU ROUND EACH BUOY OR MARK, PRES}S YOUR JOYSTICK BUTTON UNTIL YOU HEAR A TONE SOUND, THEN RELEASE IT. THIS WILL RECORD YOUR TIME SO THAT IT CAN BE DISPL}AYED AT THE END OF A RACE. AT THE END OF THE RACE, A CHART WILL BE DISPLAYED SHOWING COMPARATIVE TIMES FOR THE TWO BO}ATS, AS THEY ROUNDED EACH MARK. ALSO THE MARGINS BETWEEN THE TWO BOATS AT EACH MARK. BECAUSE THE RACE ENDS WHEN THE W}INNER CROSSES THE FINISH LINE, THE FINISHING TIME FOR THE LOSING BOAT WILL NOT BE RECORDED. SAILING TACTI}CS =============== AT THIS TIME, I MUST POINT OUT THAT BECAUSE OF THE RELATIVE SIZE OF THE BOATS, IN CONJU}NCTION WITH THE SIZE OF THE T.V. OR MONITOR SCREEN IT IS PERMISSIBLE, WHEN MANOUEVERING THE BOATS, TO TOUCH OR EVEN S}AIL RIGHT THROUGH YOUR OPPOSITION. DON'T SAIL AROUND HIM UNLESS YOU HAVE DEFINITE TACTICAL REASONS FOR DOING SO. BL}OCKING OPPONENT'S WIND: THIS IS DONE BY SAILING YOUR BOAT BETWEEN YOUR OPPONENT AND THE DIRECTION THE WIND IS COMING } FROM. SEE ILLUSTRATION BELOW: WINDS FROM THIS DIRECTION ((((((((( ))))))( }((((( ))) AUSTRALIA II ( IS SHOWN BLOCKING ^ } LIBERTY. /|\ *AUS* \___/ ^ /|\ =LIB= \___/ THE} BLOCKING CAN BE DONE IN SEVERAL WAYS: 1. INTO THE WIND (TACKING)... IF YOUR BOAT IS SLOWER ON THIS LEG YOU CAN SLO}W DOWN THE OTHER BOAT THUS MAINTAINING A LEAD YOU MAY HAVE ESTABLISHED ON ONE OF THE OTHER LEGS. BASICALLY WHEN SAILI}NG INTO THE WIND THE LEADING BOAT HAS THE ADVANTAGE. 2.REACHING... BECAUSE OF THE ANGLE BEING SAILED HERE, BLOCKING} YOUR OPPONENT'S WIND (Owww...I DIDN'T MEAN THAT TO SOUND PAINFUL!) CAN BE DIFFICULT. IF YOU CAN COVER YOUR OPPONENT,} THEN IT WILL HELP CATCH UP, OR IF HE'S FASTER, THEN STOP HIM FROM GETTING AWAY. GENERALLY ON THE REACHING LEG THE TRAI}LING BOAT TRIES TO COVER THE LEADING BOAT. 3. DOWNWIND (RUNNING)... IF YOU ARE BEHIND AT THE START OF THIS LEG TH}EN YOU WILL AUTOMATICALLY BE IN A COVERING POSITION. REMEMBER YOU MUST BE WITHIN A BOAT LENGTH TO COVER EFFECTIVELY. }WHEN PASSING, REMEMBER THAT YOU DO NOT HAVE TO SAIL AROUND THE OTHER BOAT, JUST SAIL RIGHT OVER THE TOP OF HIM (CRUNC}H!). DANGERS IN TACKING ================== EVERY TIME YOU CHANGE TACK, OR DIRECTION, THERE IS A RI}SK OF THE CREW (WELL TRAINED AS THEY ARE), FOULING THINGS UP. IF THIS HAPPENS, THE HULL, MAST, AND SOMETIMES THE SPIN}NAKER WILL TURN BLACK FOR A BRIEF MOMENT. THE RESULT IS A SHORT LOSS OF TIME. THIS HOWEEVER CAN BE ENOUGH FOR A BOAT }YOU WERE COVERING TO SLIP PAST AND TAKE THE LEAD. WHEN TO TACK: TACKING IS THE MOST COMMON MANOUEVER. OTHER LEGS O}F THE RACE CAN BE SAILED WITH VERY FEW CHANGES IN DIRECTION, BUT SAILING INTO THE WIND REQUIRES SEVERAL TACKS TO WORK} YOUR WAY TO THE TOP MARK OR THE FINISH LINE. THE NUMBER OF TIMES YOU TACK WILL DEPEND ON THE SITUATION OF THE RACE A}T THAT PARTICULAR TIME. THE FOLLOWING COMMENTS ON WHEN TO TACK ARE ONLY A SUGGESTION. YOU MUST DEVELOP YOUR OWN IDEAS A}ND PUT THEM INTO PRACTICE. 1. WHEN YOU ARE LEADING: THE MAIN REASON FOR TACKING WILL BE TO COVER THE OTHER } BOAT. IF HE IS FASTER THAN YOU ARE THEN IT IS ALMOST ESSENTIAL THAT YOU COVER HIM, OTHERWISE HE WILL OVERHA}UL YOU EASILY. 2. WHEN YOU ARE BEHIND: WHEN BEHIND, YOU ARE IN A POSITION TO TRY TO FORCE THE OTHER B}OAT INTO MAKING A MISTAKE. THE MORE YOU TACK, THE MORE HE HAS TO TACK IN ORDER TO COVER YOU. THIS COULD E}ND UP WITH THE OTHER BOAT FOULING UP A SAIL AND GOING FURTHER BEHIND. 3. WHEN THERE IS A CHANGE IN WIND DIR}ECTION: OCCASIONALLY YOU WILL NOTICE WHEN TACKING THAT YOUR BOAT SUDDENLY STARTS MOVING SIDEWAYS, OR ACR}OSS THE SCREEN INSTEAD OF AT AN ANGLE INTO THE WIND. AT THE OTHER TIMES YOU WILL SEEM TO INCREASE ITS ANG}LE OF ATTACK TO THE DIRECTION OF THE WIND. THESE ARE THE SIGNS OF A WIND SHIFT. TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THESE YOU} MUST TACK IN THE DIRECTION WHICH GAINS MORE GROUND INTO THE WIND. BE ALERT FOR THESE SHIFTS IN WIND DIRE}CTION, BECAUSE WHEN TWO BOATS ARE EVENLY MATCHED, PICKING A WIND SHIFT QUICKLY WILL MAKE A DIFFERENCE. } IN THE ILLUSTRATION BELOW, IF THE WIND SHIFTS TO DIRECTION 2, THE BOATS WILL SAIL NEW COURSES A & B. AUSTR}ALIA II WILL HAVE LESS DISTANCE TO THE MARK, THUS WIND SHIFT HAS HELPED HER TO TAKE THE LEAD OVER LIBERTY}: 1 WIND ))) ))) ((( } ))) <__________________________ <_____________________ / # / / } 2 WIND / / ((( A B ))) / / ((( / / } ))) / / ((( / / ^ / ^ / /|\ /|\ } *AUS* =LIB= \___/ \___/ THUNDER STORMS & SQUALLS ======================== YOU WILL N}OTICE A GREY STORM CLOUD DRIFTING RANDOMLY AROUND THE SCREEN. IF YOU SAIL THROUGH THIS, THERE IS A CHANCE YOUR BOAT W}ILL SUFFER DAMAGE. WHEN LIGHTNING STRIKES, THE STORM COLOUR WILL CHANGE, AND IF YOUR BOAT IS IN THERE AT THE TIME, TH}ERE IS A 90% CHANCE YOU WILL SUFFER DAMAGE. THE RESULT IS THAT YOU WILL NOT MOVE FOR A SHORT TIME TO ENABLE REPAIRS TO} BE CARRIED OUT TO THE RIGGING. WHILE THESE REPAIRS ARE BEING EFFECTED, IT IS POSSIBLE FOR LIGHTNING TO STRIKE AGAIN}, RESULTING IN A LOSS OF EVEN MORE TIME. WHO TOLD YOU LIGHTNING NEVER STRIKES TWICE IN THE SAME SPOT? THEY LIED, SO B}E WARNED!!! AT THE END OF EACH RACE ======================= AFTER EACH RACE, A TIMEKEEPING CHART WILL }BE DISPLAYED. IT WILL CONTAIN THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION. * NAME OF WINNING BOAT. * TIME OF WINNING BOAT. * TIMES} OF BOTH BOATS AS THEY ROUNDED THE MARK. * MARGIN IN SECONDS BETWEEN THE BOATS AS THEY ROUNDED THE MARKS (THES}E MAY BE NEGATIVE VALUES, YOU MUST CHECK WITH THE CHART TO SEE WHICH BOAT WAS LEADING). IMPORTANT: AFTER VIEWING} THE --------- CHART, JUST PRESS [START] FOR THE NEXT RACE TO BEGIN. DESIGNING YOUR} NEXT BOAT ======================== AFTER EACH RACE YOU MAY STICK WITH YOUR ORIGINAL DESIGN, OR YOU MAY WISH T}O TRY TO IMPROVE YOUR BOAT'S PERFORMANCE. EXPERIMENTING WITH DIFFERENT VALUES AND TACTICS IS A LARGE PART OF THE FUN.} I HOPE YOU ENJOY THE SAILING, AND MAY ALL YOUR WIND SHIFTS BE FAVOURABLE... GOOD LUCK, } Ken Hall. MAY ALL YOUR WIND SHIFTS BE FAVOURABLE... GOOD LUCK, #B%DOS SYSB*)DUP SYSB)SAUTORUN SYSB |FONT SETBDOC 000