@L|}6CD l0C)HCC WhL/h `CmCDiD`  R@W1  c0@R !L` D  C D     )16CS R)  C)D1 p p 0 C9DI pCDL~CiCDiD`  USER MANUAL for the *  R}AMDISK 128K MEMORY SYSTEM Manufactured By AXLON IN}C. 170 North Wolfe Road Sunnyvale, California 94086 } NOTICE This program is sold only for use by end-users who have previously purch}ased a copy of the Atari Disk Operating System 2.0S, the software for which is not available from Axlon Inc. } Any copying of the resulting Ramdisk Memory Management Software without the express authorization of } the copyright owner of the Atari DOS 2.0S software may be unlawful. * AXLON and }Ramdisk are Trademarks of Axlon Inc. (c) Copyright 1981, by Axlon Inc. } Revised 10/19/81 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1 } 1. Introduction 1 2. Getting Started 1 2.1 System Requirements } 1 2.2 Installation 2 2.3 Generating the Memory Management Software} 3 3. Operation of the Memory Management Software 3 3.1 Supplied Softwa}re 3 3.2 Copies and Backups 4 4. Memory Management Software (MMS) } 4 4.1 Using MMS 4 4.2 An Example 5 4.}3 Some Ideas for Using the Ramdisk 128K Memory System as a "Disk" 6 4.4 MMS Error Messages } 7 5. Non DOS Systems 7 6. The RAMDISK.DOC File 7 7. The NOM}EMSAV Program 7 8. The ASSIGN Program 8 9. The CREATE Program 8 } 10. The AUTORUN.SYS Program 10 11. Programming the Ramdisk 128K Memory System Yourself } 10 11.1 Some Ideas for Uses of your Ramdisk 128K Memory System 11 12. RAMSCAN} Diagnostic 11 12.1 Operating Instructions } TABLE OF CONTENTS 11 12.2 The Range Test 11 12.}3 The Zero Test 11 12.4 The Memory Uniqueness Test 12 12.5 }The Rolling Bit Test 12 12.6 Restrictions and Constraints 12 } 12.7 RAMSCAN's Menu 13 12.8 Menu Options 13 12.9 A Word O}f Caution 13 13. The MEMTEST Program 14 13.1 Memory Failures } 15 14. Some Common Questions 1. Introduction} The classic problem with personal computer systems has been limited memory and slow mass stor}age devices. Your new Ramdisk 128K Memory System eliminates both of these problems. The Ramdi }sk 128K Memory System has been designed to operate in combination with the ATARI* 800* Computer System. The m!}emory is organized into eight 16K segments. Segment switching is accomplished by writing a number to any addre"}ss in the range 0FC0-0FFF(hex) OR CFC0-CFFF(hex). When the Ramdisk 128K Memory System is used with the Memor#}y Management Software (abbreviated to MMS throughout this manual) it is treated as a 'disk' drive. $} Your MMS is compatible with Atari DOS 2.0S, Atari software and cartridges. Disks and files created with MMS ca%}n be used with Atari DOS 2.0S. 2. Getting Started The package should contain the following:&} * The Ramdisk 128K Memory System printed circuit board. * A binder containing this ma'}nual. * A floppy disk with Axlon System Software and Diagnostic Programs. 2.1 System Require(}ments * An ATARI 800 Computer System. * A disk with Atari DOS 2.0S on it. )} * Two 16K RAM modules or one 16K and one 8K RAM module. * TV set or monitor. 2.2 Installati*}on 1. Turn off all power to the ATARI 800 Computer System. 2. Remove the cover for the RA+}M modules. 3. Install a 16K RAM module in the first slot past the O.S. card. Install a 16K or ,} 8K RAM module in the last slot in the ATARI 800 Computer. 4. Place the Ramdisk 128K Memory System print-}ed circuit board in the slot between the RAM cards. The side that says 'Ramdisk' should face the keyboard..} (It will not fit if you try to insert it backwards.) 5. Replace the cover. /} 6. Generate a Memory Management Software disk. (See below). 7. The system is ready for use. 0} * Indicates trademark of Atari, Inc. RAMDISK 128K MEMORY SYSTEM1} USER MANUAL 2.3 Generating the Memory Management Software You can generate the Memory Ma2}nagement Software using the CREATE program. The CREATE program guides you through the entire process, and verif3}ies that you have provided Atari DOS 2.0S. You can also generate the MMS yourself, but this requires an underst4}anding of Atari DOS 2.0S. See Copies and Backups for a discussion of that procedure. The CR5}EATE program does not copy the ASSIGN, NOMEMSAV, RAMSCAN, MEMTEST, or RAMDISK.DOC files onto the new MMS disk. 6}If you want these on the resulting disk you must do this yourself. NOTE - The disk supplied by Ax7}lon does not have Atari DOS 2.0 on it. The MMS will not 'boot' without Atari DOS 2.0S on the same disk. 8} To use the CREATE program: 1. Turn off the ATARI 800 Computer System. 2. Insert a BA9}SIC cartridge. 3. Insert an Atari DOS 2.0S disk into disk drive 1. 4. Turn on the computer :}and "boot" Atari DOS 2.0S. 5. Remove the Atari DOS 2.0S disk, and insert the Axlon supplied disk into the AT;}ARI 810 Disk Drive. 6. Type RUN "D:CREATE". 7. The CREATE program will gu<}ide you through the create procedure. You will need a blank disk to put the resulting software onto. =} The CREATE program is discussed in further detail in section 9. >} -2- RAMDISK 128K MEMORY SYSTEM USER MANUAL?} 3. Operation of the Memory Management Software Your Ramdisk 128K Memory System can be operat@}ed as a pseudo disk drive with the Memory Management Software (MMS). You can write programs with BASIC or otherA} languages and access your Ramdisk 128K Memory System with the same commands you would use to access B} an ATARI 810 Disk Drive. Disks and files created with MMS can be used with Atari DOS 2.0S. You can writC}e software for your Ramdisk 128K Memory System that does not use the MMS. A separate section, Programming the D}Ramdisk 128K Memory System Yourself, explains how. 3.1 Supplied Software A disk iE}s supplied with your Ramdisk 128K Memory System package. An explanation of each program or file on this disk caF}n be found in this manual. The disk contains: CREATE - A program to create Memory Management Software disks.G} AUTORUN.SYS - The software that becomes the Memory Management Software using the CREATE program. H} ASSIGN - Program to change the default Ramdisk Memory assignment from D4:. RAMSCAN and MEMTEST -I} Memory test programs. NOMEMSAV - Program to alter the MEM.SAV capability. RAMDISK.DOC - This manJ}ual, ready to print. The Axlon supplied disk DOES NOT contain Atari DOS 2.0S. The Axlon supplied disk K} does not contain MMS. DOS 2.0S must be purchased separately and modified using the CREATE program coL}ntained on the Axlon supplied disk to produce the MMS. The Axlon supplied disk will not 'boot' by itself withM}out using the CREATE program first. 3.2 Copies and Backups After using the CREATE programN} (section 2.3) you have a complete software package. You can make duplicates of the MMS disk the way you would O}copy any other disk. To make MMS disks without using the CREATE program, copy the AUTORUN.SYS file to a P} DOS 2.0S disks, with one restriction: location 70A(hex) must be set to 0F(hex). (This is location 18Q}02 decimal, with a 15 decimal). Please see the AUTORUN.SYS section. You can also, of course, use the CRER}ATE program to make new MMS disks. -3- S} RAMDISK 128K MEMORY SYSTEM USER MANUAL 4. Memory Management Software (MMS) T} The Memory Management Software is a program that works with the Atari DOS 2.0S to allow it to access U}the Ramdisk 128K Memory System as a pseudo disk drive. This manual assumes that you are familiar with Atari DOSV} 2.0S. If you are not familiar with Atari DOS 2.0S, please refer to the Atari DOS 2.0S manual. W} The MMS enables you to use your Ramdisk 128K Memory System as a 'disk drive' (with a default assignment of D4:X}). The MMS-Atari DOS 2.0S combination operates the same as Atari DOS 2.0S except that: - TheY} "WRITE DOS TO DISK" (H) function cannot be used. - The "CREATE MEM.SAV" (N) function cannot be used. Z} - The MEM.SAV file functions are always in operation with MMS unless the NOMEMSAV program has [}been used. MMS eliminates the MEM.SAV disk file. NOTE - explanation of MEM.SAV: \} With Atari DOS 2.0S the MEM.SAV file preserves the memory area occupied by DOS when you go to DO]}S from a program. This capability allows you to go from BASIC to DOS and back while preserving in memo^}ry any BASIC program you were working on. This is accomplished by "swapping" that memory area into a d_}isk file named MEM.SAV. The MMS does not use a MEM.SAV file. The informati`}on stays in the same memory segment and is swapped back in when that segment is selected. a} Please see the section on the NOMEMSAV program. 4.1 Using MMS The MMS gives tb}he Ramdisk 128K Memory System a default assignment of D4:. References to D4: through MMS will refer to the Ramdc}isk Memory. This assignment can be changed using the ASSIGN program on the disk supplied by Axlon. Another secd}tion of this manual explains the ASSIGN program. When you "boot" the MMS disk you should refee}r to the Ramdisk Memory as "D4:" and it will act like a disk drive. Immediately after the "boot" the Ramdisk Mef}mory is just like a blank, formatted "disk" with no data on it. A "directory" of D4: will yield the same g} information as a directory of a "real" disk. 4.2 An Example To follow this example, h}insert a BASIC cartridge into the cartridge slot and be sure the Ramdisk 128K Memory System printed circuit boari}d is properly installed. - "Boot" your MMS disk. When the READY appears in BASIC, type DOS. j} - Take a disk with several BASIC programs on it, and put it in drive 1. - Use the MMS "J" command to duk}plicate FROM D1: TO D4:. This will take a little time, because the entire disk in drive 1 is read into thel} Ramdisk Memory. (You could -4- m} RAMDISK 128K MEMORY SYSTEM USER MANUAL also do a COPY D1:*.* TO D4:*.*, or copy specificn} files only). - When the programs have been read into the Ramdisk Memory you may remove the real o} disk from drive 1. - Type "B" to get back into BASIC. - From BASIC, run a programp} using RUN "D4:program name". You will see how fast the program is loaded and executed compared with usingq} a "real" disk. - BREAK from the program and run a different D4:program. If you want to cr}hange a program and save it, type SAVE "D4:program name" exactly as you would with a "real" disk. Referencing ts}he Ramdisk Memory from inside programs is the same as referencing a "real" disk in a regular ATARI 800 Computer t}System. If your program uses "D4:" it will need no modification at all. It probably uses "D1:", and you can u} change the Ramdisk Memory to "D1:" using the ASSIGN program. NOTE - You lose the data inv} the Ramdisk 128K Memory System when you turn it off. If you have changed that data and want to keep thw}e changes, duplicate the data BACK to a "real" disk before you turn the machine off! 4.3 Somx}e ideas for using Your Ramdisk 128K Memory System as a 'Disk'. If you have an application such as a mailiny}g list or a data base, you could begin your session by copying your data disk into the Ramdisk Memory (D4:). Thz}e program can reference D4:, or you can use the ASSIGN program to change the assignment from D4:. For {} the entire session, you will not need to wait for a "real" disk to operate. This will greatly increase effi|}ciency and decrease frustration. When the session is completed, duplicate the data in the Ramdisk Memory back}} to the data disk (if any changes were made). Disk sorts would obviously be handled very fast ~}by the MMS. Inventory, or other disk lookup and disk update programs would also obviously benefit. } When you have several programs that are "chained" or overlayed, you would save a lot of time by putting th}em into the Ramdisk Memory first. When you have to duplicate a disk several times, or a file to several dis}ks it saves a lot of time to copy the source disk into the Ramdisk 128K Memory System. Then you can } dupe from D4: continuously without having to wait for the read part of the process every time. } The only disadvantage of the MMS is the time it takes to load the necessary information from the real disk dr}ive at the start of your session, and the time it takes to put the data back when you are done. } NOTE - Your MMS has some overhead. Using "PUT BYTE" routines will cause large amounts of data to be tra}nsferred much slower than using "PUT RECORD" routines. The overhead of counting, and getting down to the ri}ght level of subroutines is lower if you transfer a lot of bytes (record) when you get there, instead of one} byte. NOTE - It is not practical to segment-select Ramdisk Memory from BASIC without the } MMS. If you accomplished the POKES that switched segments, you would most likely switch the area that your} BASIC program was stored in right out from under you. -5-} RAMDISK 128K MEMORY SYSTEM USER MANUAL 4.4 MMS Error Messages } There are four error messages that you might encounter while using MMS that you would not encount}er with Atari DOS 2.0S. These are: First: "INCORRECT MEMORY CONFIGURATION. PLEASE SEE }RAMDISK MANUAL. STARTUP OF SYSTEM IS TERMINATED." This message occurs when the MMS is being boo}ted with no memory card (8K or 16K) in the last slot in the ATARI 800 Computer System. Turn off the machine and} insert an 8K or 16K card. The next message is: "THE RAMDISK CANNOT BE FORMATTED, } PLEASE SEE RAMDISK MANUAL. START-UP OF SYSTEM TERMINATED. TO RESTART LOAD PRESS SYSTEM RESET.}" When the MMS is booted it tries to 'format' the Ramdisk 128K Memory System. The format may }be unsuccessful because of a memory problem or because of an improper MMS. The next error message: }"CAN'T PROCESS DUP.SYS FILE. CHECK FOR FILE ON DISK. START-UP OF SYSTEM IS TERMINATED. TO} RESTART LOAD PRESS SYSTEM RESET." The MMS had trouble reading the DUP.SYS file that is part of Atari DOS 2}.0S. Either the file is not on the disk or cannot be read. The last error message: "R}AMDISK IS NOT IN CARD SLOT 3, PLEASE SEE THE RAMDISK MANUAL. START-UP OF SYSTEM IS TERMINATED. } TURN OFF COMPUTER AND INSERT RAMDISK." This error occurs when you try to boot the MMS disk into an AT}ARI 800 Computer System with no Ramdisk 128K Memory System printed circuit board in slot 3. It may be in anothe}r slot, or not in the computer at all. -6-} RAMDISK 128K MEMORY SYSTEM USER MANUAL 5. Non DOS Systems } Segment switching is accomplished by writing the number of the desired segment to any location within the} range (0FC0-0FFF(hex) or CFC0-CFFF(hex)). This works ok with the MMS because the memory management code always} resides in the 0FC0-0FFF(hex) area. The code in this area does not change so segment selection does not occur.} Programs that do not plan for a DOS or MMS in this area might write to these addresses wit}h disastrous results. Certain versions of FORTH, and certain game programs could cause segment switching to oc}cur while the programs are operating. This would cause the program to fail. The only solution} to this problem is to modify the programs or remove the Ramdisk 128K Memory System printed circuit board while }using these programs. 6. The RAMDISK.DOC File This file contains this manual. It is format}ted for printing on an ATARI 825* 80-Column Printer. To make copies of the manual, use the MMS C (copy) functio}n. Copy from D:RAMDISK.DOC to P:. 7. The NOMEMSAV Program There is a "bug" in} the Atari DOS 2.0S that the NOMEMSAV program helps you avoid. The bug shows up when you are using BASIC and go} to DOS to load and run binary programs that return to the system via DOSVEC, (the system DOS entry vector). If} you then go back to BASIC the system "hangs up". This happens because the "MEM.SAV" area was changed when } program flow went through the DOSVEC vector. For example, this problem will show up if you go from} BASIC to DOS, use the ASSIGN program, AND do a copy, and finally return to BASIC. To avoid th}ese problems you should run the NOMEMSAV program. The NOMEMSAV program eliminates the MEM.SAV function entirely} until you turn the computer off. The effect of this is that you will not be able to go from BASIC to DOS and} back and have the BASIC program still in memory. To run the NOMEMSAV program, use the "L" fun}ction (binary load) from the MMS menu. The program will load very fast, and automatically run. You will be ret}urned to the "SELECT ITEM OR RETURN FOR MENU" prompt of the MMS. It will seem as though nothing has } happened, but the program has been loaded and executed. 8. The ASSIGN Program You can cha}nge the default assignment of D4: using the ASSIGN program. To load this program, get to the MMS menu, and }use the "L" function. The file name is ASSIGN. It will start automatically after loading. } -7- RAMDISK 128K MEMORY SYSTEM USER MANUAL} To change drive number assignments, press the SELECT key. Each time the SELECT key is pre}ssed, the order of assignment changes. The screen will show the current drive configuration. Press START when }the assignment is how you want it. You will be returned to the MMS menu. The change is made }at the same time as the screen is updated. Exiting from the program by pressing RESET will cause the drive assi}gnments to be configured as they were when RESET was pressed. All keyboard input is ignored.} Changing the default assignment also changes the assignments of the other disk drives. You do} not have to change the drive number selection switches on the back of the disk drives. The changes are shown o}n the "map". When the map says that, for example, "D2: CURRENTLY REFERS TO DRIVE 1" that means that a reference} to D2: will cause the computer to look for data on the disk drive with the switches set at 1. 9. }The CREATE Program The CREATE program puts the following files on the resulting disk: - DOS.SYS }- Atari DOS 2.0S - DUP.SYS - Also Atari DOS 2.0S - AUTORUN.SYS - Automatically is loaded when the d}isk is booted, this is the Memory Management Software. The CREATE program must be run on Atari} DOS 2.0S. It will ask for the Atari DOS 2.0S disk, the disk supplied by Axlon, and a disk to put the resulting} Memory Management Software onto. Error messages will display the BASIC error number, and wher}e the error occurred. For example, "ERROR 144 IN WRITE OF AUTORUN.SYS FILE". Other error mess}ages are: NOT ENOUGH MEMORY FOR CREATE PROGRAM The CREATE program needs a minimum }of 40K. However, since the MMS does not work without at least one 16K and one 8K card anyway, this sho}uld not be much of a problem. CANNOT OPEN XXX.YYY FILE, where XXX.YYY is DUP.SYS }or AUTORUN.SYS. The file is not on the disk. You are using the wrong disk. 10. The AUTOR}UN.SYS Program The Memory Management Software (MMS) is contained in an AUTORUN.SYS program. DOS } 2.0S automatically loads and executes the AUTORUN.SYS program after booting. The MMS AUTORUN.SYS program ca}n be copied to other DOS 2.0S disks IF address 70A(hex) is set to 0F(hex). This means that you should, from B}ASIC, do a POKE 1802,15, and the H (write DOS to DISK) function before copying the AUTORUN.SYS program over. If} that disk already has -8- } RAMDISK 128K MEMORY SYSTEM USER MANUAL an AUTORUN.SYS program on it, that code should be appended to the} MMS program. Code can be added to the AUTORUN.SYS file by appending it to the end. (More code } can then be appended to THAT). Other AUTORUN.SYS files should be appended AFTER the MMS. BE CAREFUL! Do} not erase the existing AUTORUN.SYS file! To make your own addition to the autorun file: 1) Write a}n assembly language program that operates as a subroutine. It should end with an RTS (ReTurn from Subroutine in}struction). 2) The last bytes in the binary file must be the start address of the program, in location } 2E0(hex). To accomplish this the last lines of the source program should be: *= 2E0(hex) ;progr}am counter to 2E0 .WORD PRGSTRT ;PRGSTRT is address of start of your code 3) Append this }to the end of the AUTORUN.SYS file, using the DOS COPY function, with a "/A". NOTE - Placin}g the address of your program in 2E0(hex) tells the DOS to suspend loading the AUTORUN.SYS file, and execut}e the code. (This is a standard Atari DOS 2.0S function). The RTS will return you to the AUTORUN.SYS file}, and it will continue to load and execute until the end of the file is reached. NOTE - }RS232 The RS232 AUTORUN.SYS program should be appended to the MMS AUTORUN.SYS program } to use RS232 with MMS. NOTE - A fast way to have the Ramdisk 128K Memory System 'drive' assignment } configured differently from the default D4: The system keeps a "drive table" of four byte}s at location 1506(hex). The position in the drive table is the "n" of Dn:. When you refer to D2:, the MM}S looks at the second byte of the drive table. Normally this byte is a 02, referring to }drive 2, and MMS looks on drive 2. If there were a 01 there, it would access drive 1, even though you refe}rred to D2:. The normal configuration of the drive table is 1,2,3,"R". With an ASCII "R", } 52(hex) designating the Ramdisk 128K Memory System assignment. The ASSIGN program alters this. } If you wanted the system to boot up with other than a normal configuration you would chan}ge the drive table and do a binary save /A (with an append) of the four bytes at 1506(hex) to the end of th}e AUTORUN.SYS file. For example, if you had an R,1,2,3 beginning at location 1506(hex), the Ramdisk Memory} would be referenced as "D1:", and "D2:" would reference the disk drive set as drive 1. } -9- RAMDISK 128K MEMORY SYSTEM USER MAN}UAL 11. Programming the Ramdisk 128K Memory System Yourself You can place one of eight 16}K memory segments at addresses 4000(hex) - 7FFF(hex). Segment selection is controlled by writing a segment numb}er to ANY address in the range 0FC0-0FFF(hex) OR CFC0-CFFF(hex). The last 3 bits of ANY data written to the}se addresses selects the segment. Writing a 03 to address 0FDE(hex) will select segment 3. Writin}g a B3(hex) to address CFE3(hex) will ALSO select segment 3. The selected segment is now addressable between }4000(hex) and 7FFF(hex). The MMS ALSO resides in 0FC0-0FFF(hex). We suggest that when you write programs t}hat work with the MMS, you address the CFC0-CFFF(hex) range. 11.1 Some Ideas for Uses of Your Ram}disk 128K Memory System Think of the Ramdisk 128K Memory System as several 16K "blocks". You can use thes}e blocks for data, tables, or program overlays. Probably the most interesting (and challenging}) use of the extra memory is for graphics. First of all, since you have 16 separate areas immediately available} at the same address, you can instantly switch to 16 different screens. This obviously is accompli}shed much faster than copying an entire screen. It is also accomplished faster and easier than altering the dis}play list to find its screen information in a different memory area. Since it is the same memory area, switchin}g segments puts the different information on the screen. You could also switch in the middle of a screen, seein}g part of your screen from one area, and part from another... The above, of course is accompli}shed without any memory management. If you decide to use ALL the available RAM, you have 131,072 (128*1024) ava}ilable. That is 131 graphics mode 0 screens, 255 graphics 1 screens, 502 graphics 2 screens, or 33 graphics 7} screens loaded in and ready to go. Get the picture? } -10- RAMDISK 128K MEMORY SYSTEM USER MANUAL } 12. RAMSCAN DIAGNOSTIC VERSION 1.3 The RAMSCAN diagnostic is designed to perform the following four mem}ory tests: 1) Range Test 2) Zeroing Test 3) Memory Uniqueness }Test 4) Rolling Bit Test 12.1 Operating Instructions "Boot" up your sy}stem with the MMS disk. If you have a cartridge such as BASIC, you must type DOS. From the DOS menu, type L fo}r a binary load, and load the file RAMSCAN. 12.2 The Range Test This test finds the last ad}dressable memory location in the segment being tested. When the address found is less than expected, the segmen}t select chips may be in error. (It is a good idea to retest & verify errors). 12.3 The Zero Test} This test assures that each bit at the test location can be turned off (represented by a 0).} If an error is detected, RAMSCAN will display 'FAIL' and the following message: AT ADDRESS xxxx } 76543210 BIT IMAGE AT ADDRESS xxxxxxxx A '1' in }the bit image indicates which bits were not zeroed at the address displayed. 12.4 The Memory Uniqueness Test} This test locates possible crossed addressing problems. That is, a bit turned on at one locat}ion will simultaneously turn on a bit at another location. If an error is detected, RAMSCAN will display 'FAIL' }and the following message: AT ADDRESS xxxx 76543210 } BIT IMAGE AT ADDRESS xxxxxxxx The address points to the receiving address of the crossed} address lines. A '1' in the bit image indicates which bits were turned on by the crossed addressing. This fai}lure can be caused by power spikes. -11-  } Testing the Ramdisk 128K Memory System 12.5 The Rolling Bit Test  } This test assures that each bit in each test location can be turned on and off. RAMSCAN does this by r }olling a '1' bit (high to low) through each location. If an error is detected, RAMSCAN will display 'FAIL' and t }he following message: AT ADDRESS xxxx 76543210  } BIT UNDER TEST (1) xxxxxxxx BITS BEFORE TEST xxxxxxxx BITS AFTER TES}T xxxxxxxx To interpret this message one must compare the three images given and know what the } "normal picture" should look like. Since it allows the test to pass and is never displayed, an explanat}ion of a normal picture follows: The BIT UNDER TEST (BUT) shows which bit the '1' is rolling into. } The BITS BEFORE TEST (BBT)shows which bit the '1' is rolling from. If the BUT is at} 7, then the BBT will be all zeroes. The BITS AFTER TEST (BAT) shows the bit contents following the tes}t. Normally the BAT should equal the BUT. An unequal condition causes an error. N}ote 1) As each test is completed, 'PASS' will be written under each TEST HEADER. 2) 'RAMS}CAN Had Normal End' will be displayed upon completion. 3) RAMSCAN displays the present bank being tested and} all banks that do not respond. 12.6 Restrictions and Constraints 1) RAMSCAN will ignore any mem}ory occupied by system or user cartridges. 2) All addresses are displayed in HEX notation. 3) 16K mem}ory modules must reside in RAM slots 1&3. (An 8K may be used in slot 3). 12.7 RAMSCAN's Menu } RAMSCAN is interactive with the user. The menu will appear under 3 conditions: 1) An error. } 2) At end of execution. 3) When the space bar is hit RAMSCAN will stop, keep its place and w}ait for option. -12- } Testing the Ramdisk 128K Memory System 12.8 Menu Options R - RETE}ST/BOARD will rerun RAMSCAN on all banks of the Ramdisk 128K Memory System. C - CONTINUE TEST will continue }the test from an interrupt due to an error or operator intervention. O - RETEST BANK will r}eturn RAMSCAN to the bank being tested. This is useful in diagnosing software errors. N -  }NEXT BANK will skip to the beginning of the next bank and begin testing. RESET - Performs the cold start rou!}tine. NOTE - it is not necessary to type RETURN following any option key. 12.9 A Word of C"}aution Not all errors are due to faulty boards. Intermittent or inconsistent errors may be c#}aused by dirty contacts in the ATARI 800 Computer System or the board. 13. The MEMTEST Program $} The MEMTEST program tests for refresh problems and memory fade problems. MEMTEST works by loading a patter%}n into memory, waiting, then verifying that the pattern is the same. MEMTEST allows you to determine the time b&}etween loading the pattern and verifying. To run MEMTEST, use the BINARY LOAD "L" function of the MMS. The'} program name is MEMTEST. MEMTEST will start automatically after loading. The screen will sho(}w what banks of the Ramdisk 128K Memory System were addressable. Below, you will see the menu message: )} ENTER: R. TO REVERSE PATTERN SPACE. TO INITIALIZE X. TO EXIT Rever*}sing the pattern changes from 10101010 to 01010101 (or vice versa). SPACE causes the pattern to be written to a+}ll of the Ramdisk 128K Memory System. After pressing SPACE the pattern is written into memory and the menu ,}message changes to: ENTER: R. TO REVERSE PATTERN SPACE. TO TEST -} X. TO EXIT -13- Testi}EGȹRG BDFEMHI V E FJGȘ)G GL/}3E GL3E GL3E GL3E ЫЧ }L#FGȘ F fF" F fF " F 0}fF" F fF"  F`UTR,0i0G BHIDGELVU B HI؍DGELVTU B1} HIDGELV} ASSIGNMENT UTILITY VERSION .1 COPYRIGHT (c) AXLON INC., 1981 2}ASSIGNTO D : D1: CURRENTLY REFERS TO D2: CURRENTLY REFERS TO D3: CURRENTLY REFERS TO D4: CURRENTLY REFE3}RS TO PRESSTO REASSIGN PRESSTO RETURN TO DOS DRIVE4} RRRRE BDFEMHI V E FJGȘ)G GLvxLHHQ`HBDFEMHI V E FJGȘ)G GL$3$ERROPOKMSP0KMSSEMINSISIZMINSIZFREDAVIOCBIOCICCOICSTICBAICBAICBLICBLTEMSTADLOHIGBYTECMCI 7}OSVBYCREAWRITBLEALEMSG1KEITAUTOBUFFRCERAMSG2QQH7AH7AHE45H70H70H154LINERR0LCOLHHHH 8}  9} :}!"#$%&'()*+,-./0 ;}1234 D:CREATE.BAS(M. EKBERG AUG-13-812FFTHIS PROGRAM CREATES A RAMDISK <} MEMORY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DISKETTE<F****** SETUP *******d A//****** VERIFY RAM SIZE AND DOS. =}SYS ****** A )A)ERROR ROUTINE CLOSES #1,6##****** LOAD IN DUP.SYS *****@J A >}0TA((****** READ IN RAMDISK FILE ***** A@A22****** CREATE NEW ?}RAMDISK MMS DISKETTE **** APAXb****** DONE *******lq3 A-@@ @}%(*3REDO SCREENv8-@@8(THE RAMDISK MEMORY MANAGEMENT{)-@@)(SYSTEM DISKETTE*- A}@@ *(IS READY TO USE.l-@@;(!INSERT RAMDISK CARD IN SLOT THREEM-@@l(BEFORE B}LOADING THE SYSTEM.B-@B((G-@@5(* RAMDISK IS A C} TRADEMARK OFG-@ @(AXLON INCORPORATED&@B7t&@+AR+TURN C D}URSOR BACK ON""***** SETUP SUBROUTINE *****((DISABLE KEY AND SET UP VARS%AR E}@%REMOVE CURSOR9#@@K:9K: FOR GETS IN WAIT A$&6-F:@,& A( F}A.)6-&A(@)B7t8?6-@6-@'6-@36-AQ"?6-A#)B77BLEN=LENG G}TH OF DUP.SYS/ALEN=LENGTH OF AUTORUN.SYSL$++CLEAR SCREEN AND PRINT SCREEN HEADING,)(!} AXLON PROG H}RAM,$''******* VERIFY SUBROUTINE *******CHECK MEMORY SIZE 6-B*6-@6-A I}`*6-F:A@,    $*CHECK DOS 2.0S4'6-@$F:A,@'$>XU+F:AU,%F:AV,$AV J}BW,)+F:A,%F:A,$AVAT@,X$HV+F:Aeb,%F:Aec,$AVB`.$VCHECK FOR SETVBV IF NO K}T THEN NOT 2.0SR6-\DIM STRINGSf2 ;,2;,;@,;@@,;@,p06.>:A2,!67@ L},.067@,.z 67,.67,.$  ++******* LOAD DUP.SYS SUBROUTINE ***** A  6-@ M}@6(INSERT A DISKETTE IN DRIVE 1 3-@@ 3(WITH ATARI DOS 2.0S ON IT 2-@@ A N}2WAIT FOR DOS2.0S 6-@ A9 **@@ D:DUP.SYS 6-@ A8 %A O}$ 6-@ A8 %$AVAyH$ ((PUT HEADER AND START ADR IN BUFFER @6.>:AU,)67@ P}<@,.@67@<@,. 767@<@,.>:,767@<@,.>:, 6-6-C:,%@ 6- Q} B 26-@"@'6-2@ RETURN CODE=3 MEANS AT EOF $GET 2 BYTES FROM R}DUP.SYS)@)@<$""******** DOAXLON ROUTINE ***$$READ IN AXLON AUTORUN.SYS FILE S}b A-@@;(INSERT INTO DRIVE 1 THEM-@@b(DISKETTE LABELED0-@@  T}0(Πˠ1-@@ A1WAIT FOR INSERTD6-@ AID@@ U} D:AUTORUN.SYS 6-C:,6-, B,READ INTO BUFFER AUTORUN.SYS26-@"@&@26- V} RETURN CODE=3 MEANS AT EOF$$++*****CREATE NEW DISKETTE ROUTINE **** A:-@ W}@:( INSERT INTO DRIVE 1 THE DISKETTE--@@-(ON WHICH TO PUT THE:-@@ :( ˠ X}٠Ԡ&-@@ A&WAITE AX0@@D:*.*ETEST FOR GOOD Y}DISK$@6-@ $ AY76-F:A,$A@7POKE TO 4 DRIVES5*@@ Z} D:DOS.SYS5@*A AY*RESTORE DRIVES 66-@6@@ D:DUP.SYS 6 [}-C:,6-%@ 6- BWRITE DUP.SYS(#6-@#@AY2$ AY@$6-@ \}<..@@ D:AUTORUN.SYSF 6-C:,6-6-P! B!WRITE AUTORUN.SYSZ2@6-@ ]}&"@26-$.F:A,AD$6-@. AYB-@B(( ^}M-@@8(THIS DISKETTE IS NOT READABLE.B AX@MIF CTL-3>-@@:( _}ENTER Y TO FORMAT THIS DISKETTE.>%@%B:,"AX@J AX`4Y@AT@ `}D:*.*J AP44DISK NOT READABLE, USER DOESN'T WANT TO FORMATR A-@@H($INSERT INTO DRI a}VE 1 ANOTHER DISKETTER AP@((CAN'T FORMAT DISK, ASK FOR ANOTHER/-@@(/DELETE LAST MSG4- b}@@4(CANNOT FORMAT THE DISKETTE%6-AXP B%TRY AGAIN $A$@J ****GET c} KEY SUBROUTINE****T^% AP%IF USER PRESSES CTL-3h- (PRESS KEY WHEN READY-)@r$4!PRINT d}BASIC I/O ERROR>!(ERROR F:A,$!PRINT USR I/O ERROR!(ERROR $!"FATAL ERROR MSG"" e}9-@@9( PROGRAM CANNOT CONTINUE.$"$(#2#""*****ERROR EXIT ROUTINE ****<#F# APP# f}@Z#B-@B((d#wwAAAAAA g}AAABBBBB# ERR#1#U A-@@?(THERE IS N q} B;RAMDISK DOCB.ASSIGN B5NOMEMSAV BI6CREATE BRAMSCAN B MEMTEST BAUTORUN SYSOT ENOUGH MEMORY.K6-A`U B# ERR#2# A#9-@@9(ATARI DOS 2.0S IS NOT RESIDENT.$0 r}-@@0(INSERT INTO DRIVE 1 AN$^-@@ 9(ATARI DOS 2.0S SYSTEM DISKETTE.K-@@!U A s}^6-?:,S$ ERR#3T$7-@@7(CANNOT OPEN THE DUP.SYS FILE.^$O-@@9(THIS MAY BE THE WRONG t} DISKETTE.E6-AO B$ERR #4 SAME AS ERR #5% ERR#5%8-@@8(THIS DISKETTE DOES NOT CONTAI u}N&%O-@@9(AN ATARI DOS 2.0S DUP.SYS FILE.E6-AO B%ERROR #6%!!"@)"A6AP v}%6-@@ A6DISPLAY ERROR NUMBER%;%( IN READ OF THE DUP.SYS FILE.16-A; B%%8 w}-@@8(THIS DISKETTE DOES NOT CONTAIN%O-@@9(THE CORRECT VERSION OF DUP.SYS.E6-AO  x}B% ERR #7%;-@@;(!CANNOT OPEN THE AUTORUN.SYS FILE.%9-@@9(THIS MAY BE THE WRONG y}DISKETTE.%6-A BG& ERR #8H&!!"@)"A6APR&6-@ @ A6DISPLAY ERRO z}R NUMBER\&( IN READ OFf&E-@ @/(THE AUTORUN.SYS FILE.;6-AE By&z&<-@@< {}("THIS DISKETTE DOES NOT CONTAIN THE&O-@@9(CORRECT VERSION OF AUTORUN.SYS.E6-AO B&ERR |}OR #9&6-@@ A6DISPLAY ERROR NUMBER&( IN WRITE OF&@-@@*(THE DOS.SYS FILE66 }}-A@ B'ERROR #10'6-@@ A6DISPLAY ERROR NUMBER'( IN WRITE OF$'@-@@ ~}*(THE DUP.SYS FILE66-A@ Bs'ERROR #11t'6-@@ A6DISPLAY ERROR NUMBER~'( I }N WRITE OF'@-@@*(THE DUP.SYS FILE66-A@ B'ERROR #12'6-@@ A6DI }SPLAY ERROR NUMBER'( IN WRITE OF'D-@@.(THE AUTORUN.SYS FILE:6-AD B;(ERROR #13<(6 }-@@ A6DISPLAY ERROR NUMBERF(( IN WRITE OFP(D-@@.(THE AUTORUN.SYS FILE:6-A }D B( ERR #14(6-@@ A6DISPLAY ERROR NUMBER(7!( IN READ OF THE DISKETTE.-6-A }7 B)g)*+--WAIT TIL USER IS READY THEN GOTO (LINE) ++/-@@  A/WAIT FOR USE }R + 0u:u##******READ/WRITE ROUTINE ****DuNu-6-$@6-A4%-6-%@Xu6-%@6-% }@bu6-A@%6-%@gu6.hhhLVluvu 6- B u u 6- B u  }u 6-?:C:,<,u 6-F:,$} }""**** HIGH/LOW ROUTINE ******}}*6-P:'AV,'6-P:&$AV },*$ D:CREATE.BASP0KMSSEMINSISIZMINSIZFREDAVIOCBIOCICCOICSTICBAICBAICBLICBLTEMSTADLOHIGBYTECMCI 4:i77ί7)io8 4L4L4 ^4 u4 84~686/`ύ}8}8}8696 6LZ4`@˥Y̩ 7o8`Y}ΩDͩ686 6ō686 6686 6696 6` 7 7}8 8r88˩0̠ɀ i̩˱ɪ}@ $7 6L5̍z8 8q88r88F88 6˩@̭!{8 7 7y8L>8˱ˍu8 86 7z8̢88 }6˩@̭!{8 7 7y8L>8ˍv8 6 w8ˍx8w8˱w8 X6Nw8 7z8Ш888 6}8 }}8}8L4696 6{8 7 7L>888 6 7 07v8 w7 7`88 6 7 07u8 w7 7`p888 6 }7 0709p:w8 8 6G9p:x8 8 6^9p:p8 8 6 7` 7|8ɛ 8 L6` 7o:} ( 8 L6 o:`͍s8΍t8qͭi`s8ͭt8` 98` 9p:̅ 8q8|:r8}:˅ 8q8~:r8: }6(9: 6`u9p: 8 6`98 `{8` }8`HHH˩ f4hh`( #y8 7}`˥``i(ͥi`H0:hjH1:h`jjjj /8q8 /8r8`)  @` 0`y8(L4Lw#L5}8(ͥL4 PASS̠ΠήҺ RANGE ZERO UNIQUE} ROLL BANK TEST TEST TEST TEST -----------------------------AT ADDRESS76543210BIT UNDER TEST (1)-----BITS BEFORE TEST }------BITS AFTER TEST ------BIT IMAGE AT ADDRESS --NO RESPONSEˠԠĠΠԠΠĠ̠Ġ}ŠҠήԠԠˠҮԠˠϮԠˠîŠԠخԠ}ŠӠˠΠŠ 4}8696 6LZ4`@˥Y̩ 7o8`YK4;:i]7iJ7)i/: 4L4L4ύ8: 54 V4/Ѝ*:`@˭̩ 7/: 6`ΩDͩ686 6 6Ǎ6}86 6"686 69686 6`P686 7@@ɪK˩0̠ɀi̢˱ɪL48:::8̝}8::m::W8 68: 8:8:L4::88::H858 :96:L6g686 7::8068Ͻ85:::}m::n8 6˩@̭7: 75:::LW5696 6::΍858 :96:L6~686::80|~Ͻ85}:::m::8 6˩@̱7:D3:*:͍-:΍.: 63: /7-:ͭ.:Ω~686 :9ȍ6:L6 75:Ы::L568}6 6::848 :96: 6 B7 j7L7 7;:ɛ 8 L6` ͭ7: 7888` V8m8}*: 8`̅ 71:?92:@9˅ 71:A92:B9%696 6` 7ۍ686 6`D98 6:`HH˩ >4h}h`!( Lj74: R7`˥``i(ͥi`H08hjH18h`jjjj 71: 72:`) } @` 0`4:( 7:I7:L4!LH5*:L6*:LT6ϩLwBANKS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7----------------------FOUND } LOADED TESTED 000000000000000000ΠԮҺΠ--B}IT IMAGE AT ADDRESS -- ԠĠ̠ĠPATTERN WRITTENMEMTEST FAILED AT ADDRESS Š}Ҡ R. TO REVERSE PATTERN SPACE. TO X. EXIT (USE RMMS DI}SK IN DRIVE 1) C. TO CONTINUE TEST INITILIZE RUN TEST RERUN TEST46 6 6Ǎ6ly~ `y pq p` p`W#PRS! 8` epLNp p pq  pq`,q} pq0`ؠ R8 S8q`  * q*)Jqji@Rq} `ppq`q`0qq pT j p` p}T j p` p@ T p` R1 ϱϑ }`R y p / SLq y &p  Y ` y p L ``vx`?G y 0qLIQ y cqL y q l}cRbcy+.INCORRECT MEMORY CONFIGURATION.PLEASE SEE THE MANUAL.START-UP OF SYSTEM IS TERMINATED.TH}ECANNOT BE FORMATTED.PLEASE SEE THE MANUAL.START-UP OF SYSTEM IS TERMINATED.}CANNOT PROCESS ЮFILE}.CHECK FOR FILE ON THIS SYSTEM DISK.START-UP OF SYSTEM IS TERMINATED.TO RESTART LOAD PRESS ͠.IS NOT I}N CARD SLOT THREE,PLEASE SEE THEMANUAL.START-UP OF SYSTEM IS TERMINATED.TURN OFF COMPUTER AND INSERT.} -- -- * THIS RAMDISK MEMORY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IS THE RESULT OF AN END-USER INITIATED M}ODIFICATION TO THE END-USER'S ATARI DOS 2.0S DISK OPERATING SYSTEM, THE SOFTWARE FOR WHICH IS NOT AVAILABLE FROM AXLO}N INCORPORATED. ANY COPYING OF THIS RESULTING SOFTWARE WITHOUT THE EXPRESS AUTHORIZATION OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OF TH}E ATARI DOS 2.0S SOFTWARE MAY BE UNLAWFUL. * RAMDISK IS A TRADEMARK OF AXLON INCORPORATED.D4:D1:DUP.SYSE:}.0 t0  N/N b/I / /. /)S /3. / / 0 m0`w %,( /BHI&ED VL.}/ɠ a+ /8``PϩUPϭPU ,M /8`EDHIH BhLVϩ@` }芙`b+a /8` B.ED V0ݢ, /-L/ 00K. 00B 8..H..IHI@ 00.} 00.. 00`e+ / 08`}L/ 0.EʝD L0 .EDJBIHLV BLVH IHh}EDBLV.yHHFUNCTION DISABLED.HHL HH'L @E@RAMDISK(TM) MEMORY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMVERSION 1.0 }AAN. (NO FUNCTION) 9AKAH. (NO FUNCTION) MM R"B)B  LNp p pq  pq`,qOng the Ramdisk 128K Memory System You may wait for as long as you wish before pressing SPACE to verify th}at the pattern is unchanged. If you press R, you are returned to the INITIALIZE screen and the pattern } is reversed. You may turn off the machine at any time. Pressing X causes the disk to be rebooted } because the Memory Management Software that was in memory is destroyed by the test. The MMS disk mu}st be in the disk drive 1 when you press X. 13.1 Memory Failures If MEMTEST finds a probl}em, the address where the problem occured is displayed, and the bit image at that address is displayed. Also, a} C. TO CONTINUE option is added to the menu. Continuing will scan past that address for more errors.} -14- } Testing the Ramdisk 128K Memory System 14. Some Common Questions What happens when I t}urn off the machine? See Page 5, Section 4.2, Note 1. Can I switch banks from BASIC? } See Page 5, Section 4.3, Note 2. How do I make copies of the Memory Management Software? Se}e Page 1, Section 2.3. See Page 3, Section 3.2. See Page 8, Section 9. How do I }change "drive" assignments? See Page 7, Section 8. See Page 9, Section 10, Note 3. } Does the Ramdisk 128K Memory System work with all programs? See Page 6, Section 5. See Pag}e 7, Section 7. What can I use the Ramdisk 128K Memory System For? See Page 5, Section 4.3. } See Page 9, Section 11.1. How do I add other AUTORUN.SYS files, such as RS232? See P}age 8, Section 10. -15- w