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CONTINUOUSI(. SINGLE SHEETS8( )( @e)!@fAIB"@,}f6-&'ÛC]]IF PRT=TWO AND PT=66 THEN NL=NL-LNSP/TWO:REM ӠӠŠŠנ̮L$@3>,}:@',=6-*6. D1:**.TXT06-6"@ A@U (}-9(%LOADING BUFFER before Printing.....U(Use ,}-P to Pause+(Use -C to Cancel+-@1 6. 67,.67,.#6.)6.16-%/ - A,}`6-'6-@@/-"F:Ad,"A8" AU,F:Ad,"AF", A& &,}APAQAQ 67<,. AQ@67<,. AQ@67<,.! 6-%6-%@9 ! "F:,}Ad,"A8" AU#,F:Ad,"AF", A(7 A&@P:,"7(@,}2 "(GF6  '6-+",$%+",$+@&,6(=:,PN (((":6-+",$@ %+",$,}@G*@'N*Z: 6-6-@@-$6.*":6. _"F:Ad,"A8" AU`,,}F:Ad,"AF", Ad<67B:,%,.7<,)67B:,%,.7<,<67B:,%,.7<,n"6-?:}program isdesigned for PRINTING your pictures.It can be used for graphic layouts,charts, maps, designs etc. The prog5?}ramsaves the design as a 62 sectorgraphic. Thus it can be used with anykind of printing utility. RON printsout 5@} the designs with BILLBOARD.BILLBOARD is a shareware program thatranks on the top of the printingutilities. 5A}If you don't have it youcan get it from our library. DESIGN MASTER is a two partprogram. The first part is the5B} drawingprogram. The 2nd part is the HARDCOPYor printing program. The HARDCOPYprogram is O.K. but BILLBOARD is more5C}flexible and you can print yourdesigns from very small to wall size. RON showed how you can load twopictur5D}es into the DESIGN MASTER. Onegoes into BANK #1 and the other goesinto BANK #2. You can paste and cutbetween the tw5E}o pictures. It has about10 different text sizes you can use.It has a cross hair cursor as well asregular cursors. It 5F}has 11 differentdrawing modes and a great toolsection. This program also works greatwith the ATARI TRACK BA5G}LL, orJOYSTICK. This program is designed toPRINT out your picture. It is NOT ascreen drawing program primarily. The5H}documentation disk that RON wrote isavailable from our library and it isP.D. and the price is $3.00, for thoseof you 5I}who have the PROGRAM itself. ALEX demoed a finance programthat does ALL the things that you everwant to do or need5J} to know. It figuresout returns on your investments,mortgage payments, installment loans,annuity or pension income,5K} devaluationof the dollar, mortgage comparisons,paycheck calculations, propertyexpenses and many more items. The 5L}diskis in the library - a must have disk!This is disk #61 in our library,called "OL' HACKERS FINANCE DISK". We5M} saw another program calledPOKER MASTER. ALEX played poker andlost his shirt to the computer. Thiswas not a P.5N}D. disk. It is a greatcard game program. ALEX showed the program"TITLCARD.BAS". This is one of thebes5O}t programs you can get to createtitles for your screens. If you usethe program list it first and readline 0 fo5P}r quick docs. More DOCS areseperate. You can draw boxes aroundthe screen. Decide on the size of thetext. Mix different5Q} size texts on thescreen, change colors etc. If you savethese screens they will be over 100sectors long. The progra5R}m cannot dospecial characters such as #,$,% etc.It can only use letters and numbers.You can have a rainbow or flash5S}ingdisplay etc. The program uses theFORCED READ MODE. This means that theprogram modifies itself and then itread5T}s the NEW code and executes it.Only ATARI COMPUTERS can do that. (BUTITS ONLY A GAME MACHINE, RIGHT?)Submitted by 5U} RON FETZER>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>END<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<(BUTITS ONLY A GAME MACHINE, RIGHT?)Submitted by 4EBanking Made Easy or, Should You UseDEPOSIT Instead of POKE to AccessBanked Memory?by Anthony RamosYou 130XE and RAMBO 9W}XL owners knowhow great those 16K memory banks arefor a RAM disk. They're also veryhandy when it's time to useAtariwrite9X}r Plus, and other softwarethat uses them to your advantage. But what about when you want to rollup your sleeves and use th9Y}emyourself? You can't just POKE aroundas though it's a continous chunk ofmemory. The "hhh*LVd" disk readingstring won't9Z} do the job either. Buthere's some information you canreally bank on, from Mapping theAtari:When a bank is opened for a9[}ccess, itappears through an "access window" inthe main memory, at locations16384-32767. If you enable bankswitching, you9\} cause the normal RAMin this area to be replaced by thebank you've chosen. You canconfigure the system to one of fourmod9]}es: both processors using mainmemory, CPU (6502 main processor)using banked RAM, video (ANTIC) usingbanked RAM, or both us9^}ing bankedmemory. In all cases, the onlymemory affected is the area16384-32767.In CPU extended RAM mode, only theCPU a9_}ccesses the extra memory. AllANTIC cycles operate in the main 64Kmemory. This means you can use theextended memory for p9`}rograms anddata, while using the main bank fordisplay lists and screen data.In the video extended RAM mode, allANTIC ref9a}erences to the area16384-32767 will be directed to thesecondary bank; all CPU referenceswill occur in the main bank. This9b}allows you to access the entire RAMmemory for programs and data in themain area, while locating displaylists and screen d9c}ata in thesecondary bank.In the general extended RAM mode,both the CPU and ANTIC process in thebank switched memory, and 9d}the mainarea in 16384-32767 is not used atall.Location 54017 controls which bank isaccessed, and by which processors. D9e}efault at powerup is both chipsusing main memory, or compatibilitymode. To access the banks, POKE54017 with 193+(Mode*16)9f}+(Bank*4),with the modes and banks as follows:Mode 0: both chips access bankedmemory;Mode 1: CPU accesses main memory,A9g}NTIC accesses banked memory;Mode 2: CPU accesses banked memory,ANTIC accesses main memory; andMode 3: both chips access ma9q}b%DOS SYSb*)DUP SYSb SRAMDISK COMb(\HDOS TXTbAUTORUN SYSbAUTORUN COMbBWHO TXTbHELP DOCbPRESSPRTMNUBJMEETDATTXTBMAINMENUHLPb9NEWSLTR BASbWELCOME SCRbZDMAYMIN TXTb$VGBANKSWITXTB FBONUS TXTBBPRNTSTR3BASbPRESSPRTHLPb'HDOSES TXTbTGBASTXT5TXTbPKHUMOR TXTb^ISPEEDS TXTbdCPRESMESTXT zDANE bUzEJUNMIN TXTin memory(Compatibility mode).Bank 0: first bank;Bank 1: second bank;Bank 2: third bank; andBank 3: fourth bank.An ex9r}ample: If you plan to use thebanked memory for a character set,you must first load it in using the6502 main processor. Po9s}ke 54017 with193+16*2+0 to access bank one. Thenuse the familiar POKEs to 852-853 and856-857 and "hhh*LVd" to load the se9t}tinto the area 16384-32767. Now POKE54017 with 193+1*16 to make ANTICaccess the banked area while the 6502uses main memo9u}ry as usual, and POKE756, address/256 of your set. Makesure that any statement which affectslocation 54017 is not in the 9v}area16384-32767, or the computer willcrash. You can check the memorylocation of a BASIC statement withthe line PRINT ADR9w}(" "). The book"Mapping the Atari" goes into moredetail.If you don't want to get thisinvolved, here are some machinela9x}nguage strings which give you thesame power over the banks that youare accustomed to with the "straight"memory. Remember,9y} though, that thesecommands will alter or completelyerase the RAM disk if present.When you power up the computer, theban9z}ks are not clear, but full ofgarbage data. BCLEAR fills all fourbanks with zeros for a fresh start. BPOKE and BPEEK work 9{}like POKE andPEEK, except you access the bankslike a continous block of memorylocations from 0-65535. Theseroutines take9|} care of thebank-switching location 54017, butthey must not reside in the area16384-32767. Put the lines at thetop of yo9}}ur program and you will haveno problem; type PRINT BPOKE, BPEEK,BCLEAR if you want to make sure. They can even be compile9~}d, with onecatch: under the TURBO BASICcompiler, the screen jitters when thebanks are accessed.From a technical standpo9}int, the130XE has only twice the addressablememory of the older 800XL. But as aprogrammer, you actually have overthree t9}imes more usable RAM. AnAtari BASIC program which manipulatesthe extra 64K creates quite apowerful computing package. An9}d youcan take that to the bank.---------------------------------------This article was downloaded from theACEC BBS in 9}November, 1989that to the bank.---------------------------------------This article was downloaded from theACEC BBS in 8 *-*-*-*-*-* WHATS THIS? ANOTHER BONUS PROGRAM?? SPECIAL Yes, you heard me, again! This one=}is actually a series of programs. READS-2 DESKTOP PUBLISH-then look for the 3programs on side 2 called "DESKTOP.EPS"and "=}TRECK1.DSK" and "RON1.DSK". All 3are needed for DESKTOP PUBLISHING withyour 8 BIT, However, you must be a veryproud owne=}r of a commercial "1ST XLENT"Word Processor. DESKTOP.EPS must first be loaded with 1ST XLENT word processorSorry-but we h=}ad to LEAVE OUT our usualLIBRARY LISTING! Look for it next issueYou will still be able to run both ofthe two BASIC prog=}rams that you run bypushing the Space Bar when in the MAINMENU, one on each side of the DISK. Itsa fun way of seeing the=}se programs The BASIC program which can be runfrom SIDE 1 by pushing the SPACE BAR isan upgrade of the FANTASTIC "PRI=}NTSTAR"program, by TOM ANDREWS, member of bothOL' HACKERS, and ACE of SYRACUSE. 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(Y/N)K A_@xBA})A(( FIRST PAGE B $-6-P:,A @B "):(( LAST PAGE B0#,6-P:,: B0A}h)"@Br)m B %(PRINT WHICH PAGES?7( . ALL PAGESR(. ODD-NUMBERED PAGESm(. EVEN-NUMBEREA}D PAGES|)9 A6-&@I9 @I)!@QB )l B ARB(PAGE HEADING? (40 CHAR. A}MAX) FUB:,!@@l6.7@<@@,0*5 6.,6-+@@&B:,,'@%@567,.b*L("(BYLINE? (80 CA}HAR. MAX)&5B:,!@L6.7@<@,l*- 6.$6-+@&B:,,'@-67,.*J B ( PAGE FOOTERA}?!(J $119 CHARACTERS (3 SCREEN LINES) MAX*NN FFIRST '' (INVERSE POUND SYMBOL) WILL BE REPLACED BY PAGE NUMBERA}+U@U ;BLANK FOOTER WILL EXTEND COLUMN LENGTH BY 1/2 INCH +$46-$ B+A6A}-'@6-$6.5-@B:,AB` +&7<,46-@& Bp*+67,.7<, BpA}4+67B:,%@,.7<,>+ H+?(?(4DEMARKATION LINE BETWEEN FOOTER AND TEXT? (Y/N)R+1 A6-@%A}@16-,PRINTER COMMANDS,(6.@="@(6.2I=,6.E0 -67B:,%@,.A}G-06.F$"@*"@06.FB-$"@*"@$6.FM(-$"@*"@$6.F:A}*-&"@&67B:,%@,.2--*"@*67B:,%@,.AS2-# 6.0"@#6.0<-&"@A}&67B:,%@,.TF- Aa.. (}-@.(ԠҠ.v-@@5(ɭA}ΠԠG-@@N(by`-@@v(ʮ.-@@$D:PRNTSTR3.BASA}ԠG-@@N(by`-@@v(ʮ.-@@$D:PRNTSTR3.BAS@own Printer.To Do sothere are 2 selections that will helpto make it easy as possibile for you.If you have one of the priE}nters listedin selection then your printerwill be set up for NLQ and DOUBLEstrike. If you don't have one ofE} theprinters that's in Selection youhave to use selection . This is toensure that all printers will workwitE}hout any problems with The WQNRDisk Based News Letter. Now onceyour printer has been configured youwill NOT E}have to reconfigure yourprinter as long as you are have yourNews letter running. Not only that theprinter will stay E}configured to whatever configuration you selected aslong as you have your printers powerturned on or until you E}reconfigureit. Once you have configured yourprinter all you have to do is hit theۿ to Return to the Main menu. D|507 Beenleigh Qld 4207 Phone: (07) 801-1218 +=+=+=+=+=+=business!). Super Products P.O. Box N *0*0*0*0*0*0**0*0 Even MORE DOSes By Matthew O'Kane I warned that this column would be irrI}egular! I've been so involved with other things, I had to be reminded to pay my fees! Well, I must admit, I am in LOVE wI}ith DOS's. I don't know why, but I do. So I'll get it out of my system. I'll do a whole 2 DOSes this magazine. I like I}and love one more than the other. The DOS's I am going to tackle are ATARI DOS 2.5, and SUPERDOS 4.3. (or 5.1), but I wonI}'t say which I prefer, you will find out for yourself. Super Dos 4.3 has everything AD2.5 (Atari Dos 2.5) hasn't. Yet, I}some of you may say that you can access these features through utilities, but with SD4.3 (Super Dos 4.3) you can do it, aI}nd more, from DUP. I am assuming in this article that you are familiar with AD2.5. Here it comes, SD4.3's advantages, inI} detail. UNDELETE --- With UnDelete, you can restore a file that you deleted. I.E., If you deleted a file and you didn'tI} want to, you can UnDelete it and it comes back, unless you wrote something over it. RAMDISK --- A RamDisk is a part of I}memory set aside so that the computer thinks it is another disk drive. It is only possible on the 130XE's and modified XLI}'s. On AD2.5 you need to load in a program called RAMDISK.COM to use the Ramdisk, which takes up a big fat, juicy 9 sectoI}rs on the disk, which is too much with some programmers. SD4.3 eliminates this problem. DOS does it AUTOMATICALLY, and iI}t copies all files with the extender .RAM to the RAMDISK, but it doesn't copy DUP.SYS and MEM.SAV to RamDisk. More about I}that later. NOTE FOR BEGINNERS: DOS 2.5 and SDOS 4.3 are compatible! AD2.5 can load SD4.3 files and visa versa. RESIDI}ENT DUP --- The computer, on bootup, can, if you wish, copy DUP.SYS and place it underneath your program, where it is protI}ected (this takes up about 5K) OR on XL/XE's it will copy it underneath the Operating System. This takes up a net space oI}f 0. It frees up 70 or so sectors on the RamDisk, and no programming space!! Call it any time you like, it's there in 0 sI}econds!! No disk access, no erased program. This feature can cause a problem with TURBO BASIC, because Turbo Basic also I}hides itself underneath the Operating System also, but all that happens is that DOS loads off the disk. KEY REPEAT RATE I}-- On the XL/XE's only. On bootup, DOS will auto-matically modify the automatic repeat rate function. You know what hapI}pens after 1.5 secondsof holding your finger on a key. It repeats. But very slowly. With this feature, you can speed up tI}he speed of this, or slow it down, using this DOS. All of the above things are included in DOS.SYS on SD4.3. AD2.5 doesnI}'t have these. Here are the DUP.SYS features. COLOUR-CODED BOARDERS --- The border changes colour according to the opeI}ration. Green for Read, Red for Write or Erase, Bright Pink for Format. VERIFY ON-OFF --- From the menu, you can turn vI}erify off and on. BASIC ON-OFF --- On XL/XE's you can disable/enable the built in BASIC from the menu. DUMP RAMDISK -I}-- You can copy to or from the RamDisk whereas you can't in AD2.5. Well you can, but you only get 599 sector disk. PUSHBI}UTTON DIRECTORIES --- Press 1, Disk Directory 1 comes up, Press 8 RamDisk Directory etc. And now the utilities you get.I} TRACE AND PATCH --- With this one, you can verify all of your files, and if there are bad sectors, you can patch around tI}hem. SUPERBIN --- SuperBin is a shortened version of DOS. It has only 9 sectors, and is meant for disks with binary proI}grams on them. On bootup, SuperBin puts a menu of all of the files on the screen, and you load the one you want by pressiI}ng the corresponding button. SUPERBAS --- Same thing as SUPERBIN, except its for BASIC programs. AD2.5 dead yet? Only I}a few of the above features are available in AD2.5, but only through utilities. Underneath is a list of disk drives that I}SD4.3 can handle, and I've put a star beside the ones that AD2.5 can handle. * Single Density * Enhanced Density * RamDI}isk Double Density Extended Density Don't ask me what Extended density is. I don't know. I recommend Super Dos 4.I}3 (5.1) if you want my opinion. See you again in sometime???!!!!! NOTE from THE EDITOR: I have heard that SUPER PROI}DUCT now have a version of SUPER DOS that handles the XFF551 Double Sided Double Density disk drives. Maybe its the 5.1 vI}ersion??? However if you want more info on this new DOS then call or write to SUPER PRODUCTS in Queensland, Australia. ThI}e phone number and address follows: (if still in business!). Super Products P.O. Box 507 Beenleigh Qld 4207I} Phone: (07) 801-1218 +=+=+=+=+=+=H2BASIC 101: An Informative SeriesBy John Kasupski, WNYAUGPart Five: The Human Factor As I promised last month, in thM}isinstallment of BASIC 101 we will take alittle break from talking about the"nuts and bolts" of BASIC programming.InsteadM} we'll take a moment to discusswhat's known as "human engineering" asit applies to programming. Why is this necessaryM}? All toooften we get caught up in all thetechnical aspects of programming. Wespend hours trying to get our computersto dN}o all sorts of neat things, addingall sorts of bells and whistles to ourprograms, and in so doing we forgetthat although aN} computer is going torun the program, a human being is goingto operate the computer. In otherwords, too many programs are N}writtenwith the computer in mind, instead ofthe user. So, let this month's BASIC 101serve as a reminder to all BASICN}programmers. Don't let bits and bytesand PEEKs and POKEs and hardware get inthe way: NEVER FORGET THE USER! We saw aN}n example of this earlierin this series when we talked abouterror-trapping of programs. Weerror-trap programs because the N}user isa human being, and human beings makemistakes. They enter letters wherenumbers are expected, they forget toput the N}disk in the drive, they try towrite to write-protected disks, theymisspell filenames. Humans have a wayof doing all sorts N}of things thatcomputers and computer programs don'tlike, so we have to teach our BASICprograms to act civilized when the uN}serscrews up. Otherwise BASIC will simplyscold the user with something like"ERROR 170 AT LINE 2200" and stopexecuting. N } To a user, this type of negativefeedback can be very frustrating. Whatif the user doesn't know that he/she isexpected N }to enter a number? If theprogram expects a number, the user, whothinks a letter is appropriate, has noidea why the programN } just stopped. Ifour programs do this too frequently,the user is simply not going to likeour programs, and if a programmerN }writes several programs a user doesn'tlike, the user isn't going to like thatprogrammer either. What happens then isN } that the userdoesn't even bother to look at thatprogrammer's next effort. By writingprograms that aren't user-friendly, tN}heprogrammer eventually shrinks his/herown user base! So let's look at some "humanengineering" factors that apply toN} ourBASIC programs and see if we can'tlearn to write programs that users willbe more likely to appreciate! One thingN} I never forget whenwriting a new BASIC program, ormodifying an old one, is that differentusers have different systemconfN}igurations. On one user's system,disk drive one may be a floppy diskdrive. On another's, drive one is a MIOramdisk. On stiN}ll another, it's a harddrive partition. If, therefore, we write a databaseprogram that has the capability toformat aN} data disk for the program touse, but will ONLY format a disk indrive one, we are assuming that theuser has a floppy as drN}ive one. If ourprogram formats a 16-Meg partition onthe user's hard drive, we are going tohave one very upset user. N}The lesson here is, don't assumeanything about the user's systemconfiguration (You know what happenswhen we assume things,N} don't you?). If we are wise, we write ourprogram so that the user can selectwhich drive to format the disk in. ThisN}won't necessarily prevent the user fromformatting his hard drive, but it willmake it pretty hard for the user toblame us oN}r our program (after all, theuser TOLD the program to format thatdrive, right?). Another thing to consider whenwritiN}ng programs is the issue of delaytimes. Have you ever booted a programthat blanked out the screen for a fullminute, or eveN}n thirty seconds, beforeeven so much as a title screenappeared? If you even waited that long,you were probably wondering iN}f yourcomputer had locked up, or if you weresupposed to boot with BASIC disabled(or enabled), or if you should havebootedN} a translator disk first, or ifyou had the wrong disk in the drive,or if the disk is bad, or... Get the idea? If yourN} program isgoing to blank the screen for more thana few seconds, without so much as awarning to the user that this is abouN}tto happen, something's wrong with yourprogram. Although turning off the ANTICchip DOES speed up computation by asmN}uch as 33%, it is a drastic step whichpresents the user with a DEAD screen.The computer will not respond to theuser, and tN }here's no sign that thecomputer is not dead. If possible, it'sbetter to leave the screen displayenabled, perhaps displayinN!}g a countdownon the screen. Better still is to eliminate suchdelays as much as possible by speedingup the program. CN"}ritical routines canoften be rewritten to speed upexecution. Going to Graphics 3 modeduring calculations speeds up executiN#}onbecause the simple mode requires lessDMA access by the ANTIC chip. This letsus put "Please stand by..." in the textwindN$}ow, perhaps with a countdown aswell, while also doing what we can tospeed up the program. Proper nesting of loops alsN%}ohelps: The loop with the greater numberof iterations should be within theother loop. Error handling is anotherimpoN&}rtant consideration. As we shallsee in subsequent installments of BASIC101, it is possible to program so thatbad user inpuN'}ts are entirely ignored.We can program such that if, say, anumber is needed, the program willignore all input except numbeN(}rs withinthe appropriate range. The problem with this is, if theuser is entering a letter, then in allprobability thN)}e user believes that aletter is acceptable input. Ignoringthe input compounds the problem becauseif the user presses the "N*}wrong" key,NOTHING happens. NO keyclick isgenerated, NO character appears on thescreen, and the user is led to believethaN+}t something's wrong with hiscomputer, or the program. And, in thelatter case, he's absolutely right! Yes, masking outN,} improper inputDOES prevent the program from crashing,but it does NOT protect the user fromconfusion. That is why, in ourN-}batting-averages program from theearlier installments, we used prompts,printed to the screen, to advise theuser of what tyN.}pe of input was expectedof him/her. There's a down side to doing toomuch error-trapping. Have you evergotten tired oN/}f seeing "Are You Sure?"on your screen? If you've beenprogramming long, I'm sure you have. Ifnot, you will be sooner or laN0}ter (trustme!). How do we get around this problem?How about dual-level protection ratios?That is, we let the programN1} default toa highly protected state where everyimportant command (format disk, erasememory, quit, etc.) must be verified(N2}"Are You Sure?"). The user may electto switch to a "high-speed" mode,enabling the experienced user to workat a faster paceN3}, free from "humanengineering" protection that slows downthe user's interaction with theprogram. Overall, how do we N4}know that we'vewritten a good, user-friendly program?I find that a good measure of oursuccess (or failure) is the amount oN5}ftime that a first-time user will spendto learn to use the programsatisfactorily. If we've written areally good program, N6}most users will beflying along like experts in a matterof minutes. If we haven't, the userwill be married to the instructiN7}onmanual for the next few days, or weeks,or months, before getting anysubstantial results. For an example of a reallN8}y goodprogram that meets almost all of mycriteria for user-friendliness, take alook at the ShareWare program DiskCommunicN9}ator 3.2 by Robert Puff. Yes,this is in machine language, not BASIC,but it's still an example of a programwritten with theN:} user in mind: Itsupports any disk drive number, ithandles errors without aborting mostprocesses, it works with a variety N;}ofsystem configurations, and the user canget the desired results with a minimumof documentation-reading. I successfuN<}lly compressed anddecompressed a disk with DiskCommunicator 3.2 the first time I usedit, WITHOUT EVEN READING THEDOCUMENTN=}ATION FIRST. This says a lot,because I have programs that I've hadfor YEARS and I STILL can't figure themout! On theN>} other hand AwardWare, byHigh-Tech Expressions is ABSOLUTELYUSELESS without the documentation evenif you've been using theN?} program foryears. I can whip up a nice-lookingdocument with Print Shop AND have itprinted out in less time than it takesN@}me to set up the template withAwardWare. This brings up another point aboutprogramming: documentation. From thestandNA}point of human engineering ONLY,ALL documentation should be included inthe program. The problem with that isthat we can ruNB}n out of memory writingthe documentation and have none leftfor the program itself! Therefore wemust strike a happy medium,NC} includingin the program only what is absolutelycritical to the program, and put therest in a hardcopy manual or a separatND}etext file containing thedocumentation. Yes, I said "a separate text filecontaining the documentation." And nowI'veNE} said it twice. If you turn aprogram loose without documentation,you haven't listened to a word I'vebeen saying since the NF}beginning of thisarticle. "When all else fails, read theinstructions...and if there aren't any,get another program!" NG} The informative manual DE RE ATARIcontains an excellent discussion ofhuman engineering in programming,written by Chris CrNH}awford. While IDON'T agree with ALL of Mr. Crawford'sideas, I DO recommend that you readAppendix B of DE RE ATARI if you wNI}antfurther information about the humanfactor in programming. Although themanual is out of print, it is usuallyavailable fNJ}rom American Techna-Visionfor about $10.00 or, if you're lucky,someone you know may have a copy youcan borrow. As foNK}r BASIC 101, our continuingseries will periodically remind you tokeep the user in mind as we move intovarious ways of gettNL}ing and screeninguser input. Next month, for example,we'll be looking at various methods ofreading the keyboard, somethingNM} whichrequires a lot of error-trapping whichwe'll build right into our examples.After that we'll discuss performingDOS fuNN}nctions from BASIC, where thingscan REALLY get screwed up if we aren'tcareful. So, human engineering willstay with us as wNO}e continue our series.Hopefully, so will you!L/ <><><><><><><><><><> NEW INVENTIONS Author Unknown (Reprinted with thanks from April 19RQ}92 POKEY NEWSLETTER, WNYAUG) <<< RECENT PATENTED INVENTIONS >>> <<< and assorted other goodies >>>* Toilet Lid LocRR}k (Patent #3477070) toprevent unauthorized access to toiletbowl.* Whisper Seat (Patent #3593345) toiletseat with acoustiRS}cal liner to preventsounds from being heard.* Eyeglass Frame With AdjustableRearview Mirrors (Patent #3423150)* Fluid-ORT}perated Zipper (Pat.#3517423)* Power-Operated Pool Cue (Pat.#3495826)* Carry-All Hat (Pat. #3496575)A hat with a cavityRU} for carryingcosmetics, jewelry, and the like.* Simulated Firearm with pivot-mountedwhiskey glass (PATENT #3450403).PullRV}ing the trigger pivots the glasstowards a person's mouth.* Electronic Snore Depressor(#3552388). Snore is detected and thRW}esnorer is electrically shocked.<<< THIS 'N THAT >>>* When ill, Ethiopian Emperor Menelikwould eat a few pages of the BRX}ible torestore his health. Unfortunately, hedied in 1913 after eating the entirebook of Kings.* Quick as a wink (1/10th RY}second) isfaster than you can say Jack Robinson(1/2 SECOND).* Tommy Rettig, Star of Lassie, HenryFord, George WashingtonRZ}, all had onething in common - they grew marijuana.* The U.S. Post Office spent $3.4million of tax funds on an advertisinR[}gcampaign to encourage Americans towrite more letters to one anotherdespite the fact that all classes ofmail, including fR\}irst-class, areoperating at a financial loss. It thenspent $775,000 to test the results ofits ad campaign. *+*R]}+*+*+*+*+*P *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*CPU SPEEDSReprinted from R.A.C.E. July 1991Rattlesnake Atari Computer EnthusiastsMODEL V_} CPU SPEED (Mhz)===== ========= ===========PC/XT 8088/8086 4.7 - 10AT 80286 V`} 8 - 16386 80386 16 - 33486 80486 16 - 33INTEL i860XP/i860XR 25 - 33INTEL Va} i486DX 50INTEL i486SX 20INTEL i586 50400/600/800 6505 4.7600/800XL Vb} 6505 4.765/130XE 6505 4.7520/1040ST 68000 8520/1040STE 68000 8MEGA STE 6800Vc}0 16TT030 68030 32 *=* end *=*TM #*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#* PRESIDENTS MESSAGE By ALEX PIGNATO By the time you read thiZe}s, itmay be announced OFFICIALLY-but I canreport UNOFFICIALLY, that the statedgoal of 500 8 BIT'ers willing tosuZf}bscribe to an ALL 8 BIT MAGAZINE-tobe published by the publisher ofATARI INTERFACE MAGAZINE, has beenachieved. Zg} Now lets see if thepublishers are willing to go ahead ashas been announced. If an 8 BIT ownerdoes not belong toZh} a USERS GROUP, itsalmost impossible for them to getnews, reviews, P.D. programs, helpwith their problems, etc.Zi} etc., so ifyou know anyone with an ATARI tellthem to join a club. Some of yourfriends who have children may haveZj} anATARI 8 BIT gathering dust. Broach thesubject of computers, and then slylysneak in the natural question, "DoyouZk}r children have an ATARICOMPUTER?". Be sure to EMPHASIS,'COMPUTER', so that if they say Yes,then you caZl}n start your routine aboutall the things the 'COMPUTER'(emphasized) can do, an all that yourfriend is missingZm}, and how this ispart of the wave of the future.Surely, you say, "You dont want to beMORE IGNORANT than your litZn}tle 10 yearold, do You?" ** S P E C I A L ** This months newsletter has aspecial feature by our own RZo}ON FETZER.RON has put together 3 programs (seeBONUS) which combined with 1st XLENTWord Processor, will alow for GRAPHIZp}CSin with your Text. How's that for the8 BIT GAME MACHINE. Of course you knowthat 1st XLENT is a commercialproduZq}ct, and should still be availableby mail order from companies likeAMERICAN TECHNA-VISION, BESTELECTRONICS, Zr}SAN JOSE COMPUTERS, etc.all the above three are in CALIFORNIA.If you want the addresses, just writeto EDITOR, and aZs}nswer will beforthcoming. **** We are very proud of the factthat our club keeps gettiZt}ng newmembers, and most often they come tous after a recommendation from another8 BIT user. I guess we must be doingZu}something right! Every member, localor out of town should be rightly proudto be a part of the OL' HACKERS. Evenour neweZv}st members come on board andvolunteer something. Some even beforethey are members, such as our ENGLISHmembers! ThanksZw} to all of you formaking us the best 8 BIT club! Remeber to check your directory,you may be surprised at what yZx}ou findthere. *** END ***8 BIT club! Remeber to check your directory,you may be surprised at what yX* be sure to check the disks directory Ye Olde EDITOR!of SYRACUSE. We may just sneak in more programsso<E *+*+*+*+* MINUTES JUNE 1992 MEETING =========================NEW MEMBER: Slowly but surelb{}y the clubsmembership increases. This time, wewelcome MURRAY BERKOWITZ who joinedthe OL' HACKERS ATARI CLUB. b|}MURRAYlives in OLD BETHPAGE, L.I., a stonesthrow from th Library. MURRAY hasworked on ATARI 8-Bit computers forsb}}ome time, and has always wanted tojoin an all 8 BIT club. OL' HACKERSwas a dream come true. Welcome to theclub.GRb~}APHIC CONTEST: As promised the GRAPHICS contestwas held at ths meeting. The judgesfor the GRAPHIC CONTEST web}re JOELEBER, BOB ULSCHMID and ALLAN ATKINS.After careful and deliberteconsideration the winners wereb}announced as follows: 1st Prize - ALEX PIGNATO with"MISS OHAUG 1992" 2nd & 3d Prize's - JACK GEDALIUSwith b}his 2 color prints. One was apicture with a LOVE theme, and theother was a Scanned picture of hisdaughter madeb} with a digitizer The new CURRENT NOTES magazinehad a very lengthy letter by BENPOEHLAND our member from Penb}nsylvania.In it he tells us about the deepfeelings he had about the disaster ofthe CHALLENGER five years ago and hb}owit affected him personally. He satdown and wrote a beautiful poem whichwas published in the JUNE 1992 issueof b}CURRENT NOTES. ALEX said the poemis very moving and very well done.ALEX read part of the poem at themeeting. JOE b}LEBER said his brother isan Aero-Space Engineer and he was verymuch involved in that launch and hecan attest to the b} fact that thedisaster had a profound affect oneveryone, including JOE's brother. ALEX felt he just had to wrb}ite aletter to BEN in which he stated thatBEN had a great talent with words andperhaps that BEN had missed hiscab}lling as an author. ALEX said thathe enjoyed the poem tremendously andwe were glad that BEN was a friend anda member b} of the OL' HACKERS. ALEXmentioned that RON FETZER used BEN'Sarticle to upgrade the two of his HongKong 800XL compub}ters, as well asALEX'S. (BEN: the articles are great,and the upgrades work beautifully - RON). ALEX praised Rb}ON for hisdedication to the 8-Bit and to the OL'HACKERS in the lettter to BEN. ALEXmentioned that the write-in campb}aignfor the CLASSIC MAGAZINE was asuccess. AIM magazine got 560commitments to subscribe to an 8-BitCLAb}SSIC MAGAZINE. The CLASSIC 8-Bitmagazine campaign report can be readon GENIE file #5854 or COMP-U-SERVE#18446.Thb}e WESTERN NEW YORK ATARI USERS GROUPis also using our newsletter formatfor their newsletter. COMMITTEE REPORTS: b} HAROLD PEGLER the librarianreported on our experimental DISKOPARTY copy program. The program isgoing O.K. b}but more members shouldavail themselves of these great diskbargains, before the programfinishes. TREASb}URES REPORT: The treasurerRON FETZER reported that we are O.K.and in the black.CORRESPONDENCE: RICK REASER thb}e current 8-Biteditor of CURRENT NOTES wrote and saidthat in future issues he probably willreview the RON FETZER, OLb}' HACKERS"TURBO BASIC PROGRAMMING KIT" and theRON FETZER, STAN SCHENFELD "DISKMANAGEMENT SYSTEM" disks. RICK alsb}owrote to ALEX that he might highlightour club in his section of themagazine. ALEX answered him and toldhim b}more about our club. ALEXmentioned KRIS HOLTEGAARD, (one of ourprogrammers) a deceased member whowrote the progb}ram for our newsletter - an excellent programmer and a finemember. We shall miss him. The SAGE SCROLL from b}ERIE,Pennsylvania mentioned the OL' HACKERSand they thanked us for helping themwith their newsletter. AL ATKINS b}wrote up the completeprocedures and protocols for going onto the NEW NEST BBS (516) 234-4943 andhow to use the 850 Eb}XPRESS MODEMPROGRAM. He made copies of his articleand distributed it to the members. Itwas very well done and the meb}mbersappreciated his work. Because AL is sounassuming when he photo copied it hedid not even put his name on it. AL itisb} a great piece of work and it hashelped all of us to become more adeptwhen going on a modem, and it will befound in tb}his next newsletter. A letter from JIM CUTLER ourmember from ENGLAND. He writes us thathe is going on a vacatib}on to NorthWales for a week. He sends us hisregards, and a couple of disks asalways. Thanks again, JIM. ENJOYb} YOURVACATION! From the LIBRARY's "WORLD OFPLAINVIEW" newsletter of Jan 1987 ALEXshowed a picture of ALEX and Ab}L ATKINSand some of the other members not withus any more. We had presented theLibrary at that time with Atarib}programs for children and adults.DEMOE's: ALEX showed the program HEAVYMETAL which comes from the AIM disk oftb}he month. It is a very good exampleof the great graphics that come fromEUROPE. ALEX showed a modification he hadb}made to the "BULK FORMATTER" PROGRAMby RON FETZER. ALEX added a directoryfunction and more caution functions tothe prb}ogram. In the mean timeunbeknownst to ALEX, RON had re-written the program and called it"SUPER BULK FORMb}ATTER." It will be putinto our P.D. Library. A program from AIM magazinecalled DRONE was shown, It is a greatb}game. It is a take off on PAC MAN butbut it is much better and the graphicsare great. It is in machine languageand veryb} fast! ALEX showed a game program called"CASINO" that had about 5 games on it.The computer picks which game you areb}to play. From Craps to RussianRoulette. ALEX played craps and losthis shirt. Better never go to LosVegas ALb}EX! A couple members playedRUSSIAN ROULETTE, and lived to tellabout it. ALEX showed another disk from AIMmagazb}ine, "EURODEMO 2" made by THEGATE KEEPER from Holland a great demo.again it proves that they dounbelievable b}graphics work in Europe. RON FETZER showed his new SUPERBULK FORMATTER for 2 disk drives. Theprogram requires SUPEb}RDOS because thisDOS issues error codes on XIO formatcommands - DOS 2.5 does not. RONshowed how the program can fob}rmat 2 oran unlimited amount of disks at onetime. The program can write anydensity and can format 1 or 2 sides ob}fa disk. If you want too, you can alsowrite DOS.SYS to the disk at the sametime. If the program encounters a badside ib}t stops and lets you label thebad side and then it continues. Ialways have 5 disks formatted. I usesingle densitb}y and 1050 density.Frequently you need a formatted diskor you loose the program, such as on adownload or when wrb}iting a program.This program will be put on a futurenewsletter disk for you to have. (Lookin this newsletter!) ALEb}X showed a utility disk thathe made up of KRIS HOLTEGAARD'sprograms. We saw a SCREEN FONT LOADERprogram, a supeb}r directory program,copy a file, and DOS function menuprograms, write, edit or create orview a text file, reb}boot computer,show current time and date on disk,utilities etc. It is a terrificprogram. It has so many featuresb} on itthat it required a double densitydisk. ALEX said that he is going tomake it up as 2 single density disksbb}ecause many 8-Bitters do not havedouble density drives. You have a lotof programs on the disk to do variousthings. b}On the utility section youhave such things as MULTI.COM,JOYSTICK TESTER, PRINTER SETUP etc.ALEX is still worb}king on this program,and hopes to put it into the Librarysoon.PICNIC NEWS: STAN SCHENFELD, V.P. and thepicnb}ic chairman reported that BRADYPARK has been booked for the wholeyear. He suggested that instead wehave a PICb}NIC DINNER. Since we hadsuch a good time last time at CAFE 20in Baldwin L.I. the members agreed tohave a dinner inb}stead. ALEX madearrangements for FRIDAY evening at 7PM. The date is July 17. By the timeyou read this the dinner b}date willhave passed. HAROLD PEGLER then demonstratedsome digitized pictures. The pictureslooked like they werb}e digitized withEASY SCAN. The pictures were prettyimpressive. HARRY TUTHILL demonstrated twoprograms that hb}e uses together tomanage his finances. The programs areFAMILY FINANCE and MICRO CHECK. HARRYuses the same codes in Fb}AMILY FINANCEand MICRO CHECK so he can use bothprograms. HARRY said that FAMILY FINANCE anAtari program is very b}user friendly.You just follow the prompts. MICROCHECK has a much better search abilitythan FAMILY FINANCE. You can b}call upany expense or income groups by itscode for the year or quarter year ormonth. FAMILY FINANCE uses 2 sides ofb}a disk. One side is cash flow on theother side is budgets. With MICROCHECK HARRY uses 2 disks. One is thesystem b}disk and disk two is the datadisk. On the data disks, one side isfor expenses and the other side is forincome. With Mb}ICRO CHECK you have anunlimited printout with codes whereasFAMILY FINANCE has only 13 codes ofincomes and 13 codes of b}expenses. HARRY modified MICRO CHECK tosuit his needs. MICRO CHECK is inBASIC. Since the program is primarilb}ya check balancing program HARRYmodified it for a finance program.HARRY created a semi monthly worksheetfor ib}ncomes and expenses. On the worksheet he enters the codes and then heenters it into MICRO CHECK at themiddle and theb} end of the month. WithMICRO CHECK you can call up anyexpense or income for any period oftime that you are inteb}rested in. HARRYshowed us some actual entries that hemade with the programs and then hesearched for them. He prinb}ts out abudget with FAMILY FINANCE. The presentation was verydetailed and complete and veryinterestinb}g. This was the first demoby HARRY and it was well done, and wehope to see more of HARRY's, demo's.Harry got a standb}ing ovation from theclub for the great presentation.DOOR PRIZES:RON FETZERHAROLD PEGLERALLAN ATKINSJACK GEDALIUSMURRb}Y BERKOWITZALAN SHARKISBOB ULSCHMIDSTAN SCHENFELDJOE LEBER (No, HARRY TUTHILL did not winthis time, Sorry HARRY!b}!)Submitted by Ron Fetzer >>>>>>>>>>>>>>END<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< not winthis time, Sorry HARRY!`[ICRO CHECK you have anunlimited printout with codes whereasFAMILY FINANCE has only 13 codes ofincomes and 13 codes of `}