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F0Ξ05: [ BDEHI%} VY8 B V  @  /DE `E:D8:DUP.SYSERROR-SAVING USER MEMORY ON DISKTYPE Y TO &}STILL RUN DOS B;DE J  (` 9 V⪍ ઍ  -'}LLu ÝDEHILV 9 .l 9 .l  `` s$B BH(}I|DE V BLV nB,DE JLV B V BLVDEIʩ BꭝLu } 3E:}DISK OPERATING SYSTEM II VERSION COPYRIGHT 1984 ATARI CORP.A. DISK DIRECTORY I. FORMAT DISKB. RUN CARTRIDG*}E J. DUPLICATE DISKC. COPY FILE K. BINARY SAVED. DELETE FILE(S) L. BINARY LOADE. RENAME FILE M. RUN AT ADDRES+}SF. LOCK FILE N. CREATE MEM.SAVG. UNLOCK FILE O. DUPLICATE FILEH. WRITE DOS FILES P. FORMAT SINGLEL !N',}#"&))9(&*)/h)''-&؆莟R'S  vL/ˢ L }Insert DOS 2.0s, type Y Λx -}DEfHI 1莏#q! @ y0ɛ8A0,' ȅ 1 1ild! 1L!NO SUCH ITEMSELECT.} ITEM OR FOR MENU! 0 .z:*{}.|{ 1 0 0JB 18L%|DL/}%DIRECTORY--SEARCH SPEC,LIST FILE?[# 0 0 &|D3" 1L!NOT A DISK FILEN !B 1L!E# 1 !BD0}ED:}:1BJ|DE 1DEBHI 1 h0ߢ 0.1}  0?詛 1 y0YЛ 1 ;#L" ;#L! 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D1:**.TXT.67<,.7<,F A"@A )5@<(}F A5p  A4u}F:A,"A6*@@@4 A5P**"@e*F:A,"ApA!`pA @4@e*F:v}A,"Ap:(}L-@@p(Not In This Months News Letter! AF AF! A!` TA @w}'A@hT((} 짠򠠠 00(( à ]B7x}t@d'@@d/-6)>(>:,SF:Ad,"AF] A5P MF:@,"@#@(" <y} (More) >G)M(}   mAdAU(0(File Complete:Q(Press Any Key for Next FileXz})j@@@m$NA %6.D1:PRESSPRT.MNU*5G@@@N(}((6-C:hhhhh{} Ȅԩ`,!A@h!A " A@`(" A@@A @QB7t@d|}'@@d9-@@ J( Selection: Q)!!"@i)"@eAH"@xAC,}}"@c' A@@A@TK AD(}3D1:PRESSPRT.HLP= A5G A@KÛC~}6-@f6-@V!6-'6-36-@96-C AI0S6-F:A,"A6E(! Viewing Complete Press An}y KeyL)O$SÛDU (}-@@'"A8K(Your Printer is Not On Line...U AFX<"Ap2(}Printer Help File Not Found...< AFb= (}-@@3(ERROR # F:A,= AFl A@-}A $7@6-!"@e'6--6-7 AH@F (}-"(PRINT STYLE?0( . DRAFTF(. D}OUBLE STRIKE0)@6-&@d0 )!AH U (}-3( PAGE COLUMNS & LINE SPACING?U(. 2 COL}UMNS AT 6 LINES/INCHh%(. 2 COLUMNS AT 8 LINES/INCHG(. 3 COLUMNS AT 6 LINES/INCHh(. 3 COLUMNS AT 8 LINES/INCH}( )( @e)!@hAH@g6-@f6-@V'6-@-6-C"@f)"@hO6-@[6-}@g6-@v!@f6-$I (}-!( PAPER TYPE?4(. CONTINUOUSI(. SINGLE SHEETS8( )(} @e)!@fAIB"@f6-&'ÛL$/ 6-6. D1:**.TXT6-%"/ A@E (}-@}@>(dd, ven, or ll Pages?E)++@e*@y*@iAPU (}-9(%LOADING B}UFFER before Printing.....U(Use -P to Pause+(Use -C to Cancel+-@1 6. 67,.67},.#6.)6.16-%/ - A`6-'6-@@/-"F:Ad,"A8" AU,F:Ad,"AF}", A& &APAQAQ 67<,. AQ@67<,. AQ@67<,.}! 6-%6-%@9 ! "F:Ad,"A8" AU#,F:Ad,"AF", A$..'@"}P:'@,*"@yASE%..'@P:'@,*"@iASE(9 A&@P:,"9(}@=2 "(GF6  '6-+",$%+",$+@&,6(=:,PN (((":6-+",$@ }%+",$@G*@'N*Z: 6-6-@@-$6.*":6. _"F:Ad,"A8" AU}`,F:Ad,"AF", Ad<67B:,%,.7<,)67B:,%,.7<,<67B:,%,.7<,n"6-?: L :::: :Lr:::IEL[::i:iIIL[:`:i::i }::L:`L{:w:w: C`L:L: D8:MEM.SAV: 8| 9 '9`L:L: D:DUP.SYS:̩ 8 } x:ɀL: '9`88 |9Y:X: '9L); D8:DUP.SYS; 8::88 9 '98? :`;WL`; 9 }Ln; ` :Y;Y;L;L;)} Setting Up ATARI 130XE Ram Disk; 9L; ; -9   } L;D8:; :9 :Y;L>>}))(! <<< THESE ARE GENERAL RULES >>>))(! <<< THAT SHOULD HELP YOU(} T >>>%%( <<< TO USE THE DISK >>> ( ( (//(& The programs on this disk may consist**(" of several ty(}pe of disk files or//(&formats. All programs SHOULD run on an))(!Atari 800 48K, with DOS 2.0 disk.((( Other sys(}tes and configurations,,($should also work with most programs.,(,(! XL Computers may need to run the))(!XL Tra(}nsator disk first for some))(!programs. (Available separately).( ( ((, A6(} LOADING PROGRAMS:@(}/(/($ Programs on this disk may be one ofJ((( following types of files and areT--(%identified by the filename exten(}sin.^.(.(# .DOC or .TXT - Documentation texth,,($file. Use the DOS (C)opy function tor++(#copy file to the scree(}n r printer.T(T(I .OBJ - Machine language file. Remove BASIC cartridge and use DOS Binary''((L)oad to load and r(}unprogram.-(-(" .BAS or no extension - Use BASIC$$(cartridge and load normally. A(}-(-(" .(}PI - Requires PILOT cartridge..(.(# .MUS - Requires Atari Music Cart.R(R(G .AUT - Move file to another diskett(}e nd change the .AUT extension to++(#.SYS extension using DOS (E) rename**("file then reboot computer with new ((}isk./(/($ Other extensions may be used. Check,,($your Atari DOS manual for more info..(.(# Some files may (}no have the proper''(extension. If you have problems--(%loading with BASIC, go to DOS and try&&(Binary Load or(} Cpy functions. A +% D:NEWSLTR.BAS##@@K:AR@$((}$Press to continue.)@@$ D8:HELP.BASAR@$((fESR DIRRAMDISK COMHELP DOCHELP BASNUMGAME3BASMENU2BINBASAUTORUN SYSLUCASDEMOBJCREATIONTXTFALL TXTIMODULE1TXTGDISA}=>>vABCHOICENGLWYZSXCHOICNLLOUTNMAAA$A*67,}< E N 8 : ,}AWSAVE "D:NUMGAME3.BAS UUNUMBER GAMES,} 2.6:REM Ԡ󭠱ЮҠ̧ӠٛNUMBER GUESS BY PAUL WENZ##NUMBER MASTER BY PAUL,} HAROLD.(66ADAPTED FOR ATARI BY RAY SIMMONDS 21:50 6/05/88.29@,9@,<GG9,9@,;@,},;@,;@,;@,F11;@ ,;@ ,;@ ,9@,K6-P (}CLEAR SCREENZ,}&&POKE 755,1:REM INVISIBLE CURSOR._6-n,-@@,(123456789012345678s,-@@,(1 ,} 8x,-@@,(1 NUMBER GAMES 8,-@@,(1 By Paul Wenz 8,-@@,,}(1 Mods A.Pignato 8,-@@,(1 8,-@@,(123456789012345678|-@@,} +((1) NUMBER GUESSB((2) NUMBER MASTER]((3) NUMBER MASTER Jr.u((0) QUIT-goto DOS?|(",} A " A0@@0@%@@5-@ @1(Do You Want,} Sound(Y/N)5 4N A@2 6.6-@! AP2TURN SOUND ON!!6-!TURN SOUND OFF!,}!@ A7 (}-@@7CLEAR SCREEN; CUE CURSOR.I A/(Guess A Number From 1 To 100!I,}BUZZ PROMPT; STATEMENT.%%6-@%P:H:@,$A,"6-,- A-BUZZ PROMPT; INPUT GUESS.6-} <*><*><*> Atari 8 BIT Book Shelf---- Reprinted from WNYAUG POKEY NL by THE OL' HACKERS ATAD}RI USER GROUP,Inc. NOTE: The book shelf is a list of books that have been written about your Atari 8 BIT compuD}ter. This list will be updated from time to time when, and if, information becomes available. ---------------D}--------------------- ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING FOR THE ATARI COMPUTERS Mark Chasin McGraw-Hill Book CompanyD},1984 Shows how to program the Atari computer using assembly language. Though most examples are USR calls,D} the book covers topics that are specific to Atari computer programming. -------------------------------D}----- The ATARI BASIC SOURCE BOOK Wilkinson, O'Brien, and Laughton Compute! Publicatons,Inc.,1983 A coD}mplete explanation of the inside workings of Atari BASIC, along with original source code. For intermediate D} and advanced programmers. ------------------------------------ COMPUTER ANIMATION PRIMER David Fox & MitchelD}l Waite McGraw-Hill, 1984 Reviews the high tech computer and Microcomputer animation then covers animation on the AD}tari Computer using BASIC and Machine Language. ------------------------------------ COMPUTE!'S FIRST BOOK OF ATARD}I Editor: Robert Lock Compute! Books, 1981 Collection of articles and programs that appeared in Compute! Magazine -D}- ------------------------------------ COMPUTE!'S SECOND BOOK OF ATARI Editor: Robert Lock Compute! Books, 1982 D} Collection of articles and programs that appeared in Compute! Magazine. ------------------------------------ COMPUD}TE!'S THIRD BOOK OF ATARI GRAPHICS Editor: Robert Lock Compute! Books, 1982 Collection of articles and programsD} about Atari graphics that appeared in Compute! Magazine. ------------------------------------ The CREATIVE ATARI DavidD} and Sandy Small, & George Blank Creative Computing Press,1983 A collection of informative articles from the D}pages of Creative Computing Magazine. ------------------------------------ DE RE ATARI The Atari Program ExchanD}ge 1982 A guide to effective programing. Explores the workings of the Atari computer. One of the BEST BOOKS! -D}----------------------------------- FREE SOFTWARE FOR YOUR ATARI David and Dorothy Heller Enrich/Ohaus,1983 BeginnerD}s book of telecommunication. ------------------------------------ MACHINE LANGUAGE FOR BEGINNERS Richard MansD}field Compute! Publications, INC, 1983 Covers progrming the 6502 microprocessor used by manyD} computers. Special sections for the Atari 8 BIT. ------------------------------------ MAPPING THE ATARI Ian ChD}adwick Compute! Books, 1983 A comprehensive sourcebook and memory guide for programmers of the 400/800 computD}er. Another BEST BOOK! ------------------------------------ MAPPING THE ATARI, REVISED EDITION Ian Chadwick ComputeD}! Books, 1985 A comprehensive sourcebook and memory guide for programs of the 400/800/XL/XE computers. AnothD}er BEST BOOK ------------------------------------ SOME COMMON BASIC PROGRAMS, ATARI ED. Poole, Borchers, and Cook OsporD}ne/Mc Graw-Hill,1981 List of small programs that can be used by themselves or as subroutines. Most are for financeD} or statistics. ------------------------------------ YOUR ATARI COMPUTER Poole, McNiff, Cook Osporne/McGraw Hill, 1982D} All-in-one guide for Atari 400/800 computer. Covers operating, trouble shooting, compatible software, compE}uter graphics, and comprehensive reference of BASIC statements and functions. A MUST HAVE BEST BOOK! ----------------E}--------------------- ADVENTURES WITH THE ATARI Jack B. Hardy Reston Publishing Co., 1984 A guide to writing advenE}ture games. Includes two programs in each of the following languages: Atari BASIC, MicroSoft BASIC, Atari PILOT. E}Also programs for creating adventure games and for playing the games that you have created. --------------------------E}----------- ATARI SOUND AND GRAPHICS Moore, Lower, Albrecht Wiley & Sons, 1982 Beginner's guide to creE}ating colorful graphics and sound effects on the ES. Includes a nice plain- English primer on using string vE}ariables. ------------------------------------- THE ATARI ASSEMBLER Don & Kurt Inman Reston Publishing Co., 1981 An E} introduction to the Atari Assembler Cartridge. Assumes some knowledge of BASIC and NO knowledge about ML. E}------------------------------------- ATARI XE USER'S HANDBOOK Weber Systems, Inc. Staff WSI Inc., 1985 PractE }ical guide to the XE computers. Includes so much vital reference material for all XE owners that it probably shoulE }d have been included in the box with the machine right from Atari Corp. ------------------------------------- INSIDEE } ATARI DOS Bill Wilkinson COMPUTE! Books, 1982 A primer on the inner workings of Atari DOS 2.0 written by one E }of the top names in the Atari ES world. Includes the complete ML source code listings for DOS 2.0 as well as an E }interesting account of how Atari DOS was created. ------------------------------------- (*) (*) END (*) (*) D{ *-*-*-*-*-* WHATS THIS? MORE BONUS PROGRAMS?? Yes, as in the prior newsletters,we will always try to 1}give you a BONUSBASIC program, and even more, if thereis room on the disk.Remember-look for any BONUS programs bygoin1}g to BASIC, list the DIRECTORY forthe name, then go to BASIC or to DOS L(BINARY LOAD [L]) in order to run the.OBJ or .1}COM machine language programs. PLUS, You will will still havethe two BASIC programs that you run bypushing the S1}pace Bar when in the MAINMENU, one on each side of the DISK. Even programs will be putin, if there is room,1} but its up to youto find them! We can't do everythingfor you, can we? But we do try anyway! On .OBJ or .COM prog2}} :::::::: THE CREATION - PART ONE (Reprinted by the OL HACKERS ATARI USER GROUP, NY, Uploa=}ded from USENET) In the beginning, all was a void, with the Spirit of GOD brooding over the dark vapors. Then G=}OD said, "Let there be Byte," and there was Byte. GOD saw the Byte and was pleased with it, and divided the Byte int=}o Bits. He created a multitude of zeros, for zeros were all there were. 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On the third day, GOD said (to whom GOD was talking has never been ascerta=}ined or even questioned), "I have Words, made up of Bytes, made up of Bits. But something's missing." So GOD scraped u=}p a lump of clay, squeezed it tightly in His mighty hands and flung it against the sky where it solidified i=}nto a smoky mass. GOD saw the steaming heap, he felt that it was good, and he was pleased, and said to it, "You =}shall be called Hardware, a home for My Words and Bytes and Bits, and as you are the very first of your kind I s=}hall call you CPU." And GOD turned, and with a flick of His wrist spewed forth tape drives, disks, paper tape, termin=}als, on-line printers, entire remote stations, whole teleprocessing installations, "For you shall serve as a tempo=}rary home for My words . . .". And GOD saw all this sparkling in the heavens, and that it was good, and He was pleased.=} Having done all this, GOD rested. On the fourth day, GOD reviewed all that He had done. He saw His Bits and His B=}ytes residing statically on an infinite variety of media. But He was not pleased. "Something's missing," said =} He. "I need to animate My treasured Bytes, to give them Life." So GOD leaned back, touched a soiled hand to His =}mighty brow, and with one single, all-powerful thought, set His hardware in motion. "You," said He to the intangible=} breath now coursing through His hardware, "I shall call you software, for . . ." and so on, and so forth. And He =}continued, "You are the first, the best, the most perfect and omnipotent software." And divided the software in=}to many parts; into utilities, compilers, system libraries and His favorite, most privileged and belo=}ved operating system. GOD was pleased, so He rested. On the fifth day, GOD again surveyed all that He had done and =}was filled with joy. He found that with His creation he could determine the value of Pi to ten thousand digits. =}He found that He could produce flowcharts of His beloved operating system, and these He posted by His thro=}ne. He discovered that He could run off Snoopy calendars, pictures of the Mona Lisa and witty little computer acc=}ounts of The Creation. With a terminal at His throne, He didn't have to travel halfway to wherever, to access =}His system. He called His creation "Imperatatum Byte Magnamus" (or "IBM" for short, which was his OTHER way to say A=}TARI 130XE)(GOD had not invented numbers at this time!). But all was not well. GOD's beloved system was so large, so =}complex, that even the mighty GOD -- maker of heavens and earth (but that's another story), the Builder of the CP=}U and virtual memory, the Author of Fortran -- was hard-pressed to keep up on how everything worked. So GOD said, "I'll =}make Me a man." And He did, and to the man he said, "You shall be called (logically enough) "Man," and to you sh=}all fall the responsibility of maintaining all that I have done." And to keep man company, GOD gave him woman- playfull=}y saying to man, "For I know that even Bytes get lonely for a little Bit," and He chuckled at His little play on w=}ords. So, he created woman to be a helpmate and partner. On the sixth day, GOD mounted His throne, logged onto His t=}erminal, and engaged in a full day of uninterrupted, 1-second turnaround. He saw all that He had done, that=} it was good. He was pleased that from His first Byte He had created such a wonderful and extensive toy. He cr=}eated file after file, He performed advanced and impressive on-line data base updates, He wrote a faster and more exten=}sive Fortran compiler, and in general rejoiced in the perfection of His I.B.M. After a hard day's work on a hot te=}rminal -- during which man was quietly familiarizing himself with the system documentation -- GOD called it=} a day ("You I shall call day . . ." and so forth) and went to sleep. One the seventh day, so tired was He from the =}week's labors, GOD slept all day. What transpired on that crucial seventh day is recounted in the "Fall of Man . . ." T=}O BE CONTINUED IN PART 2 "THE FALL" ******crucial seventh day is recounted in the "Fall of Man . . ." T<< ***** CONTINUED FROM CREATION PART ONE THE FALL OF MAN Late in the sixth day of creation, woman calA}led man at work and begged him to come home for dinner was getting cold. Man grudgingly consented, but brA}ought home with him a copy of the system documentation to study. After dinner, woman cooed some suggestive littlA}e sighs and slipped invitingly into bed. Man followed, but -- being beat after a hard day at the office -- fell straiA}ght to sleep. Woman had an indescribably inner feeling that this was not how things should be on their first night iA}n bed (or in existence, for that matter), and disdainfully flung man's notebook from the nightstand. The book fell oA}pen to an important-looking page marked "WARNING" in bold letters. Now, woman was possessed of insatiable cA}uriosity. GOD, we must assume, had been entirely familiar with contemporary Greed writings on the subject, partiA}cularly with the escapades of a wayward feminist named Pandora. At any rate, woman picked up the book and read: WARNIA}NG: "You I have created to maintain application programs and to operate My beloved I.B.M. You may partake oA}f My utilities, My Fortran, My files, tapes and flowcharts. But with My operating system, thou shalt not tampeA}r, for to the use it giveth unlimited MASTER MODE powers . . . ." Woman -- being as greedy as she was beautiful --A} immediately woke man. She derided him for his sheepishness, for his lack of initiative, for his cowering before a siA}lly machine. She filled his mind with thoughts of power and greed, and instilled in him the resolve to win for hiA}mself all the privileges of the operating system. Besides, reasoned woman, as Boss, man won't come home dead tiredA} and might be worth something after dinner . . . So, man returned to work the next day, intent on breaching A} the operating system. He needled, he patched, he disguised clever little traps in his programs which -- for A}tantalyzingly brief periods of time - - slipped into Master Mode. By the end of the seventh day, man was so close A}to mastering the operating system that he didn't go home 'til very late. So pleased was he -- and so sure that thA}e coming day would reward him with total control of GOD's own system -- that he whistled all the way home, and A}when he got there snuck into the bedroom and gave woman a pleasant surprise ........... Early on the eighth day, man diA}d it. GOD was on the terminal early, playing Blackjack with His computer. So man was able to submit his A}carefully-prepared batch job without being noticed. The system burped, GOD's terminal blinked once but then all wasA} normal. Man's heart lept. It was his operating system now, not GOD's. For a moment he stood stunned with the impact A}of his move. Then -- with a self-assurance that only novice programmers can truly appreciate -- he seatA}ed himself at the master console, and pushed the attention key. His hands trembling with excitement, he began to A} type "DELETE G-O-D." BINGO Just as He was about to hit the carriage return -- and with the system $500 ahA}ead in GOD's blackjack game (God holding 20 for a thousand- dollar pot) -- the system crashed. GOD was furious. "YoA}u ignored My Warning!" said He to man, as woman wailed pathetically that she had had nothing to do with it. "You vA}iolated My beloved system, and dared think that you could become as one with GOD." He waved man disdainfully from HisA} sight. He then reached into His I.B.M., took a handful of core, mutilated it a little, and flung it after mA}an. "Go," said He to the slice of core, "and multiply into a host of inferior systems, each more prostituted and glA}itch-filled that the last. And perhaps if man's time is wasted debugging inferior systems, I won't be bothereA}d by him." And that -- according to the book of Bytes -- is why the world consists of two types of computers: IBM (betA}ter known today, as 8 BIT 130XE and upgraded 800XL's) and all the rest. And so it is that certain individuals are A}born to serve GOD's favorite IBM, (better known as ATARI 8 BIT) while others are condemned to suffer the damnation ofA} amateur "other" computer companies. But if you're very good, and if you're honest and trustworthy and like tA}o work twenty hours a day without material reward, then you may well hope that one day you will be selected to moA}ve up through Xerox to Burroughs to Honeywell to Univac to that great system in the sky whose name inspire men to thiA}s very day -- ATARI, (better known as ATARI 8 BIT 130XE or upgraded 800XL's). Then, you too can be an EDITOR of a newslA}etter, or a BBS SYSOP! THE MORAL TO THE STORY IS:........... DON'T GET STUCK BUYING A PROBLEM CAUSING INFERIOR I.BA}.M., OR A CLONE, ............. INSTEAD ............... BUY AN ATARI 130XE OR UPGRADED 800XL INSTEAD, AND YOU WILL BE ONA} YOUR WAY TO HEAVEN! ******........... BUY AN ATARI 130XE OR UPGRADED 800XL INSTEAD, AND YOU WILL BE ON@-"#MVSGDISTURHNDBME@@@>W7PAA@Y AM} A` @ A` @@BhU@xSAVE "D:DARTS.BAS"<'D:DARTS.RES'F!!DARTS by M}RICKY KNOPMAN #22AP(c) COPYRIGHT 1981Z##A.N.A.L.O.G. 400/800 MAGAZINEd An""*******GET PLAYER'S POSITIONM}xK !,AX&@-/AEA/AX%@K@.R:,"@$6-@. AM}R:,6-@ 6-$@  6-R:,E%6-%++"@,&+"@,,$E6-%++"@,&+"@,N }6-%@@ ( PRINT SPACES"J " AT" @^   AhS A!(-}too HIGH!+ ApS4 SPACES RIGHT, 1 LINE UP; STATEMENT.r( NEXT Guess A|m A!(TOO low!!+-} A5 ApmDOUBLE BUZZ PROMPT;4 SPACES RIGHT,1 LINE UP;STATEMENTW @C(!Awesome GUESS!! and in onl-}y  tries!!M AW Ap88LINE #330 4 SPACES RIGHT AND 1 LINE UP; STATEMENT.Y!@* @E(-}Great guess and in only  tries!O AY Ap88LINE #350 4 SPACES RIGHT AND 1 LINE UP; STATEMENT.M!@-}* @ 9(AVERAGE  guessesC AM Ap88LINE #370 4 SPACES RIGHT AND 1 LINE UP; STATEMENT.I-}!@?(SLOWPOKE!!! YOU TOOK  GUESSESI A88LINE #390 4 SPACES RIGHT AND 1 LINE UP; STATEMENT.-}P A!-%@L(%Do You Want To Play Another Game(Y/N)P 4N A.*(!ϠՠԠϠ-}٠ŠŠ.) 4Y(} A)Ġׯ: 4N(} A`:Ġׯ CLEAR SCREEN-}NUMBER MASTER(MASTERMIND)"@A6-%@D$(SIZE OF NUMBER (3 TO 9)(D3 SPACES LEFT; S-}TATEMENT. @ A@%6-@%P:H:@,$D,@RANDOM NUMBER GENERATER. 6.=:,&6--}6-@0V A(}%-@@VBUZZ PROMPT; CLEAR SCREEN AND POSITION CURSOR.: A D6.7@-}&,N6-%@6-%@X(Ҡšb 40 AlX (-@@&%() -}XMOVE CURSOR UP 1 LINE AND PAST INPUT NUMBER.vOB:,B:,!( INPUT ERROR+ AOERROR STATEMENT WITH BUZZ PROMP-}T. 4 A`!@" A -@7<,07<, A0 6-*"@(1 -} A* A! (7<, A! A67<,. 67<,.. -@-@-}7<,07<, A0* @(X AP* A  (7<,"@ (*67<,. 46-}7<,..> H   R A\ AfW (}-@@0(THE NUMBER IS WCLEAR SCREEN AND POSIT-}ION STATEMENT.kX=X+1:REM ěp6-@ @6(ՠĠԡ In  triesuQ!@%!-@Q(-} =-=-=-= 8-bit Disaster Averted. by Joseph E. Hicswa, President Jersey ATARI Computer Club, NJ,I} and member OL' HACKERS ATARI User Group, NY One of the advantages of owning and using an ATARI 130XE or upgradeI}d 800XL 8 BIT computer--they both have a RAMDISK! WHAT IS A RAMDISK, ANYWAY??? A RAMDISK is an internal disk drive I}in a computer. Its like haveing a spare Disk Drive. The disadvantage is when the computer is closed down; RAMDISK I}files are lost unless they were DOS copied, SAVEd or LISTed to Tape, Floppy Disk, or Hard drive. This article is aboI}ut the advantage of a RAMDISK. THE GREAT EXPERIMENT FORMULA! I heard, (probably misheard) that when a SAVEd BASI}IC language file is DELETED (DOS D), it is immediately restored by using wildcard "*": LOAD "D:*". "Ah haaa somethinI}g new!", I gloated. THE ACTUAL TRIAL RUN! Anxiously and hastily I dashed home to experiment. Quickly my TV monitor I}and drive were switched on. When red busy light went out, a DOS disk was inserted into the drive, door closed, and comI}puter switch flipped. I was impatient for my bOOTUP to complete. At READY prompt, I typed DOS; it's MENU was displayI}ed on screen. "A" listed all files on disk directory. I chose a FILENAME; wrote it on paper to not forget it; prI}essed DOS D (Delete), typed in the Filename and pressed RETURN followed by Y when computer asked if I was sure. I I}WAS! Whirring stopped, directory displayed. Yep, the file was no longer there. It was deleted! DOS B (I}Return to Basic) gave me control of the computer. "Now!", thought I glowingly, "I'll be able to demo this at a meeting."I} LOAD "D:*" was typed and followed by RETURN. I crossed my arms, sat back and watched the screen intently. THE BIG FI}AILURE! There on the screen was: ERROR 170 (FILE NOT FOUND). "What happened?" shouted my surprised and disappointed mI}ind. "The file is lost. What shall I do now". RAMDISK TO THE RESCUE! This is the way it might have happened wI}ere it not for the 130XE ramdisk. At original boot up, and prior to the experiment, the file (that was to be deletedI}) was copied from disk in drive 1 to Ramdisk D8:. The ramdisk D8:filename was deleted. The experiment failed. MyI} program was still intact on floppy disk in drive 1. How about that! MORAL TO THE STORY-& WHAT YOU CAN DO I hope I}readers unaware of disasters that could befall them, have learned a lesson. Perhaps you have something to share withI} us--a disaster you encountered or averted. Send it in to the EDITOR, and when printed, it will help some other poorI} soul avert a disaster. ------------- E N D --------------he EDITOR, and when printed, it will help some other poorH@+IT'S ABOUT TIME YOU GOT THIS ONE CORRECT!!!zD-@@(%Do You Want To Play Another Game(Y/N)D 4N-} A'#( DO YOU WANT THE SAME GAME' 4N(} A` (} A0!@ ++(Star-}t game (0=STOP) * digits*+"@6.1=!6.X=+ A ` 6.n=6.n=%%(Correct digit and loc-}ation.++(!Correct digit but wrong location!9!@-(NUMBER PLEASE!  96-$:(6-%.}@+(ӠӠŠ 7":$!@% A  -@6@2@.}-@@0@@0@%@@$ . 8$BAU@.}.D:AU@(6(DO YOU WANT TO GO TO DOS:G 4Y.I 4NL@$V%".}6-A!% A`%"@6-A% Aj%"@6-@% At%"@6-@% .}A~%"@6-@% A%"@6-@r% A%"@6-@d% A%".}@6-@`% A%"@6-@S% A6-@G-@@#2@.}@# (%2($"@($=== FALLING OBJECT ===4-@0.}A@>!!2@'@%H-@'@ R \%%2@ @f.}%%2@AU@@p-@A uG%2G2@. }$D2:NUMGAME3.BAS-@A uG%2G2@,%,o?6-+ ,%+!* @,$%+!@y,$@yo6-+!* @,$%+!@,$@@@( ELEVAN }TION=P:%?P, GRAVITY =P:$A,YT:,*T:@,/,AX&@;/AEO/AX%@N }Y A  ****************THROW DART6-6'@ -A8@6@[ A@-,%N }@&@;/%@Q/%@%@[@1 6-%6-%1 @)!@yAp2N}@@5,%@&@/5/%@%@  B""*******FIND OUT WHERE HE HIT"N}|Vol: he ||Issue: || R}   ||Join a user   || Group!   ||Get involR}ved   || NOW!!!  ||   || R} ||  ||  || R}  ||  || Atari User Group Inc.(c)1985 || R} |*** Alex Pignato, President ****** 3376 Ocean Harbor Drive ****** Oceanside, N.Y. 1157R}2 ***|Charter Member NEAR*US ATARI USER Gp.|| JAN./FEB. 1993 R} ||Charter Member NEAR*US ATARI USER Gp.|| NOV./DEC. 1992 P-=%29-@@= ,6-P:O:@9P&,,6%!@56-% Ap@%N}!@!6-@% AJ%!@6-@ % AT%!6-@@% A^##**************PN}RINT OUT SCOREh55S=75:? "} BULLSEYE!!!";:RESTORE 880:GOTO 390i56-@u!( } BULLSEYE!+#A5 Ar)N}( } MISS!#Ap) A|:(}  POINTS$#A`0 @):#Ao "!12N}@@?-@C e2o A 6-% (YOUR SCORE IS )-N}A  ) A ""********************END GAME` B!6-#+5-@@\(!YOUR N}TOPS-PLEASE ENTER YOUR NAME `i +@-@@>(@FINAL SCORE IS D i(@SORRY N}YOU blew IT!O(@.(@ HIGH SCORE IS:O(@   POINTSN-@@ 2(@N} FIRE N(@ Ϡ##T:,*T:@,Ap#6-#-@@&6-H:N },'@ &6-@""SET GRAPHICS WITH LARGE TEXTs +@'0@@A0@@@N!}[0@g6-@s6-@--6-F:A`,%AV$F:Aa,%@e%@@e.%N"}@F:A`,E%@F:Aa,Q@qe%@@&!!****SET UP BOARD,DRAW DARTS0G @!-N#}@@-,@9/@t= G@:}@%-@@&A,$@ %@ ]/$@ N$}%@@y/$@ %@ @} D,@@+/@@=,@@0O/@N%}@8a,@@As/@@I,@@c/@@tN AXINITIALATION***********bF N&}+@'09AVA&F;@,l`(@)(@    E(@ N'} `(@    v4-@@4(@ =-@)-@N(}9(@`= /(@/(@ instructions 'yn':"@@K/)@:@N)}"@:N,A@:Y,A`""****************INSTRUCTIONS7 +76-F:A`,%AV$F:AaN*},%@=@#&@@=0@,@@9,(}<<<>>>^^(VN+} Moving the joystick vertically controls the initial release position of the dart.aa(Y Moving the joystick sidewayN,}s controls elevation (initial takeoff angle) of the dart00('At elevation=(10), angle = 60 degrees.--(%At elevatioN-}n=(0), angle = 0 degrees.MM(E Gravity (from o to 100), isadded to influence the tragectory of ++(#the dart. The N.}stronger the gravity,))(!the higher the elevation required %%(to keep the dart 'on target'.***(" A few practiceN/} games will help4++(#to improve your score dramatically.>++(" ԠŠŠΠϠԠH ApR""****N0}**********DATA FOR MUSIC\##57,75,57,75,57,75,72,250,-1,0f0065,75,65,75,79,75,58,75,65,150,79,100,-1,0p11130,30,100,3N|} +-+-+-+ PRINTER BASICS Everything You Wanted To Know About Using Your Printer! By John PickZ2}en and reprinted by Puget Sound Atari News, Re-printed by THE OL' HACKERS with THANKS ******** Many comZ3}puter owners claim the "reaison d'etre" for their system is productivity software - data base, word processor, etc.Z4} At least, that's how they justify the time and money spent to a disbelieving spouse; after all, Rule 1 of personal compZ5}uting is: "Never admit to owning a joystick". Assuming the owner is actually going to use the system for more thaZ6}n PacMan, the most important component becomes the printer. Application software is nearly worthless without a mZ7}eans of presenting permanent results. Unfortunately, the printer is often the most under utilized component inZ8} a system because it is the least understood. Using a printer is not terribly complex though it sometimes seems so Z9}because of the instruction manual. Usually, all the information you need to learn to control any printer can be fZ:}ound in its manual, albeit with some errors. You often get better results by regarding the manual as a collectionZ;} of hints to provide a basis for experimentation. Why this is so is anyone's guess, but you can add this to thZ<}e collected wisdom of Murphy: "Quality of documentation varies inversely with printer sophisticationZ=}." Printers come in all shapes, sizes, and prices. They may be broadly categorized by the way they mark the paper.Z>} Laser machines produce superb results at a superb price. It is my understanding that they print using techniques Z?}similar to Xerography but I haven't really looked into them because of lack of opportunity (read "lack of dollars")Z@} to play with one. "Letter Quality" printers produce characters by the single impact of a complete form, whetherZA} it be on a wheel, drum, ball or typewriter key. This category runs from top of the line "Daisy Wheel" machines down tZB}o the old Atari 1027. Prices range from high to low and, correspondingly, speeds from fast to dead slow. All howevZC}er, have two common characteristics: First, if character size and style is changeable, it can onlyZD} be accomplished by replacing the printing element. Second, they are mechanically complex and usually ZE}noisy. "Dot Matrix", the most commonly used printers, produce images by patterns of dots similar to the wayZF} an image is drawn on a television. Dots may be formed by ink jets or thermal paper but most commonly, are produceZG}d by "pins" striking a ribbon over the paper. "Nine-Pin" dot matrix machines are the subject of discussion. ZH} While it is possible to find older models with fewer, the standard is nine pins, though only eight are normallyZI} used at any one time. The pins, also called "wires", are arranged in a vertical column. Images are produced by ZJ} moving this column across the page while "firing" or "striking" the pins in various combinations. The differZK}ence from a television is that the printer does up to nine rows of pins at a time. Why use only eight of nine, and ZL}why these numbers in the first place? Well, eight is the closest thing you will find to a "magic number" in the worZM}ld of computing because a "byte", which is normally the smallest usable amount of data, is always made up of eight bitsZN}. The printer is able to interpret the bits separately, so the bits of a single byte can be used to control firing of eZO}ight pins. The ninth pin is there for things like underlining or descenders on lower case letters. The priZP}nter normally only uses eight pins but it may switch between the top or bottom eight. Try underlining on most prZQ}inters and you'll notice that the underline runs into lower case descenders. There are nine-pin graphics ZR}modes but they are rarely used as a complete second data byte is required for the addition of only one more pin. EssZS}entially, you can ignore the existence of the ninth pin unless you want to get into the more advanced subjects likeZT} download characters. "27-pin", also called "24-Pin", printers are nearly identical, but have three such ZU}pin columns mounted closely side by side with a slight vertical offset between each. This arrangement produces much higZV}her quality characters than is possible with nine pins. Once you get beyond simple text printing, these become morZW}e complex as you obviously need at least one byte to control eight of the pins in each of the three columns and tZX}he equivalent of the nine-pin mode would require a total of six data bytes. The key to understanding how dotZY} matrix printers work, and therefore, what is and is not possible, lies in the name. They cannot produce any image oZZ}ther than a "Dot" - everything they print is formed from dots. The "Matrix" part of the name describes something whichZ[}, physically, does not exist. It is a human concept represented by a collection of bytes for the printer's Z\} memory. The printer's "Firmware" (program in ROM) interprets these as a pattern of pins to fire to form a partZ]}icular character. Mechanically, that's it: the printer can produce only dots. Firmware and software control pin fiZ^}ring, paper feed, and carriage motion to arrange these on the paper. While printer response to any particularZ_} byte is governed by firmware, this response can be modified. Sometimes this can be done by switches but maZ`}ny features are not controllable except by software. In other words, the computer must command the printer remoteZa}ly. Like any other kind of remote control, communication is required. A small part of this consists of actual eZb}lectronic signals. Most however is exercised by the computer talking to the printer in a language it understanZc}ds: patterns or sequences of data bytes. This is where the user enters the picture via a word processor or otheZd}r program. Getting what you want out of your system requires you to give both the printer and the word processorZe} the proper commands. The word processor contains a block of data holding the information it needs to control your paZf}rticular printer. This is changeable, normally by load from disk. There are numerous names used to describZg}e these: "Printer Driver", "Printer Description", and "Configuration" files being some of the more commonZh}. No matter what they're called, they are functionally bilingual dictionaries which the word processor uses to translatZi}e something like "underline from here to here" into language the printer understands. If your system Zj}is not producing up to its capabilities, the source of the problem may very well be this file. Most word processorsZk} come with a utility program to allow you to change or customize the printer driver. The catch is you've got Zl} to read and understand the documentation, both for the word processor and the printer, and you havZm}e to know what is and is not possible. Understanding of a few terms and measurements aids in this task. BZn}UFFER -- "Buffer" is commonly used but not always understood. A buffer is just a reserved area of memory for temporary Zo} storage of bytes. When dealing with printers, there are at least two buffers involved, one in the computer and oZp}ne in the printer. Eight-bitters have a buffer in the interface as well which serves the same purposes as printeZq}r buffers. Buffers allow transmission of multiple byte blocks of data. This decreases time lost on "HandshakiZr}ng" signals and calculation of checksums. Also, since the printer can't print anywhere near as fast as the computer canZs} send, it accepts and stores as many bytes as it can so that the computer is free to move on to other business soZt}oner. Obviously the bigger the printer buffer, the sooner the transmission is completed. The second purpose of theZu} printer (and interface) buffer is to allow it to examine and modify the data before it is printed. It has to sort ouZv}t printable data from commands, make any required conversions such as ATASCII, ASCII or addition of auto line Zw}feeds, and possibly, calculate right justification, etc. Once this is done, it determines how, and at what point iZx}n the printout, to apply the commands. Most printers actually have two buffers - everything that comes in goesZy} to the "Receive Buffer". Printable stuff is then moved and held in the "Print Buffer". The importance ofZz} this distinction is that some commands affect only the print buffer - you have to read and decipher the book. Z{} <><> END <><>is that some commands affect only the print buffer - you have to read and decipher the book. X0,80,30,65,70,80,30,65,100,-1,0z,,96,75,85,75,108,75,216,75,144,200,-1,0 D8:DARTS.BAS79,100,-1,0p11130,30,100,3L`rams you haveto check to see if they are to be runwith our without BASIC! 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