@L}5 _$% l0$)$$Hȱ$ UhL" `e$$%`$%`  R@P!( L(1   Y I`  d  Ld M * @  $ % CC$$)%1 Udߥ$9%: !0 S$% DD˙`  }J)Lr d M * @  $ % CC$$)%1 Udߥ$9%: !0 S$%} DD˙`  }J)Lr J  ((  p L ()   J}L= ( L 0q A    IB JC;? D W } LL  ` W )LA!  ߰")-݆ p" } $G@LL 08`Q")<2Q0 -G$Ș݆ UL# ; p8(()(0ʥ)NQ` }$GȘ݆LU )L ݆ L GȘ ݆LL )W>Z   HH)H }p h  hyhy D L> L JJ    ! LA*` BF }7'8  M HN H` 8 Z  \LdJJ!"!GFE@F (!L }EE !E^ ^ E E7EȩEdE/EȩE  D } .L }  ;F d  ;?F7F? ( .   Z D LL d } . D  L    p  E` , d)  D L) 0BM݊L݉} ML  N݆ L NLML [ TEqEHȱEqEh 0Gȹ G} HLL GɛL  LFREE SECTORS G) *Gȩ GȽG GȌ*jj >G}}this new mod, so I have written a new version. It is used in the same way, except that it offers a choice of either two sing?}le-density RAMdisks or one double-density. If you wish a disk copy of the source and object code, send me a blank disk and@} return mailer with full postage, and I will promptly send it back with the software. Alternately, you may download the sA}oftware from the Capitol Hill Atari Owners' Society BBS at 517-371-1106 or from the Castle Communications board at 517-37B}1-4234.The source file is called QMEGXLD.SRC for Quater-MEG XL Double. Also available is a RAMdisk program that sets C}up one single-density RAMdisk and leaves the XE-equivalent banks free for XE software. This is quite useful with BASIC XE,D} DOS 2.5, or the new Synapse software. Its name is QMEGXLS.SRC. I ask one thing in return for this information: PleaE}se pass it around to all your interested friends.Put it in your club's library or onyour favorite BBS. Encouraging softwarF}esupport of 256K will result in many interesting uses for it. Thank you and enjoy! DEFINITION OF MEMORY CONTROLG} REGISTER AT $D301 (54017 DECIMAL) XL MOD 130XE bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 H} D a b E c d B R D V C x y B R D=0 enables diagnostic ROM D=0 enables diagnostic ROM B=0 enables BASIC ROMI} B=0 enables BASIC ROM R=1 enables OS ROM R=1 enables OS ROM E=0 enables extended RAM V=0 enables extended RAM for vJ}ideo abcd is 4-bit extended RAM bank # C=0 enables extended RAM for CPU - ranges from 4 to 15 xy is 2-bit extendeK}d RAM bank # - banks 12 to 15 are equivalent - ranges from 0 to 3 to XE's banks 0 to 3 L} PARTS LIST 8 41256 256K-bit dynamic RAM (200ns or less) 1 74LS153 Dual 4-to-1 multiplexer (IC2)M} 1 74LS139 Dual 2-to-4 decoder (IC3) 1 - 33 ohm, 1/4 watt resistor ADDITIONAL PARTS FOR AN}NTIC #CO12296 1 74LS158 Quad inverting 2-to-1 multiplexer (IC4) 1 74LS393 Dual 4-bit counter (IC5) O} LIST OF CONNECTIONS FOR THE UPGRADE CIRCUIT Instead of a drawing of the upgrade circuit, below is a list ofP} connections. Each entry in the list begins with the name of the signal followed by all the IC pins that connect together Q}and share the signal. IC3-13 means pin 13 of IC3. The IC numbers appear in the parts list above. IC1 is the 74LS158 chipR} from socket U27 on the XL motherboard. DIP is the DIP header to be plugged into socket U27. U23-xx refers to the pins youS} bend up on the PIA chip at U23 on the motherboard. Vcc : DIP-16, IC1-16, IC2-16, IC3-16, IC3-13 Vss : DIP-8T}, IC1-8, IC2-8, IC2-1, IC2-15, IC3-8 A7 : DIP-11, IC2-10, IC2-11 A15 : DIP-10, IC2-13, IC3-3 A6 : DIP-14, U}IC2-6, IC2-5 A14 : DIP-13, IC2-3, IC3-2 MUX : DIP-1, IC1-1, IC2-2 A4 : DIP-2, IC1-2 A12 : DIP-3, IC1- }O) !"`3!3:,*2B:,"@A` A0/ +@-/(@}TURN DISK OVER/-@/(@THEN PRESS ANY KEY5AdAU)& A05% D:PROG.BASo+}A%A @7-@@Q(NO PROGRAM THIS MONTHc-@@oARB'(FLIP DISK AGAIN A}ND PRESS A KEY1 A08)B A6 (}-@ @ 6( What's Your Pleasure?_B7t@d'@}@d9-@@X(enu rint ead: _)8"@w((.( Main Menu....8 A}"@AP8"@((.( Read File....8 AF.-B:,6. D1:**.TXT.67<,.7<,F} A"@A )5@<(}F A5p  A4F:A,"A6*@@@}4 A5P**"@e*F:A,"ApA!`pA @4@e*F:A,"Ap:(}L-@@}p(Not In This Months News Letter! AF AF! A!` TA @'A@hT((} }짠򠠠 00(( à ]B7t@d'@@d/-}6)>(>:,SF:Ad,"AF] A5P MF:@,"@#@(" < (More) >G)M(}}   mAdAU(0(File Complete:Q(Press Any Key for Next FileX)j@@@m$NA }%6.D1:PRESSPRT.MNU*5G@@@N(}((6-C:hhhhh Ȅԩ`,!A@h}!A " A@`(" A@@A @QB7t@d'@@d9-@@ }J( Selection: Q)!!"@i)"@eAH"@xAC,"@c' A@@}A@TK AD(}3D1:PRESSPRT.HLP= A5G A@KÛC6-@f6-@V!6-'6-3}6-@96-C AI0S6-F:A,"A6E(! Viewing Complete Press Any KeyL)O$SÛDU (}-@}@'"A8K(Your Printer is Not On Line...U AFX<"Ap2(Printer Help File Not Found...< AF}b= (}-@@3(ERROR # F:A,= AFl A@-A $7@6-!}"@e'6--6-7 AH@F (}-"(PRINT STYLE?0( . DRAFTF(. DOUBLE STRIKE0)@6-&}@d0 )!AH U (}-3( PAGE COLUMNS & LINE SPACING?U(. 2 COLUMNS AT 6 LINES/INCHh%(. 2 CO}LUMNS AT 8 LINES/INCHG(. 3 COLUMNS AT 6 LINES/INCHh(. 3 COLUMNS AT 8 LINES/INCH( )( @e)!@hAH}@g6-@f6-@V'6-@-6-C"@f)"@hO6-@[6-@g6-@v!@f6}-$I (}-!( PAPER TYPE?4(. CONTINUOUSI(. SINGLE SHEETS8( )( @e)!@fAIB"}@f6-&'ÛC]]IF PRT=TWO AND PT=66 THEN NL=NL-LNSP/TWO:REM ӠӠŠŠנ̮L$@3}>:@',=6-*6. D1:**.TXT06-6"@ A@U (}-9(%LOADING BUFFER before Printing.....U(Use }-P to Pause+(Use -C to Cancel+-@1 6. 67,.67,.#6.)6.16-%/ - }A`6-'6-@@/-"F:Ad,"A8" AU,F:Ad,"AF", A& &}APAQAQ 67<,. AQ@67<,. AQ@67<,.! 6-%6-%@9 ! "F}:Ad,"A8" AU#,F:Ad,"AF", A(7 A&@P:,"7(@}2 "(GF6  '6-+",$%+",$+@&,6(=:,PN (((":6-+",$@ %+",}$@G*@'N*Z: 6-6-@@-$6.*":6. _"F:Ad,"A8" AU`,}F:Ad,"AF", Ad<67B:,%,.7<,)67B:,%,.7<,<67B:,%,.7<,n"6-?:ϠΠà͛ PRINT ALL FILESAtari Tris Docs $} P.D. Library CX85 Docs Basic 101 Tips $} 130XE Upgrade! Flip disk over Bonus Program for more!!!!!! $vBASIC 101: An Informative SeriesBy John Kasupski, WNYAUG Part One: Introduction & PRINT Oh, no! Not another series o(}f articles about BASIC programming! Why? Well, there are two reasons why. The first reason is that it was suggested (}by a few of our members. The second reason is that in examining the program listings of some public domain BASIC programs (}I've run across, I've seen some real kludges, so I know there are people out there who will find these articles helpful, p(}rovided they'll bother to read them and apply what's in them. So, yes, another series of articles about BASIC progra(}mming. But, this one will be different (I promise!). You see, most of the tutorials on BASIC programming that I've read i(}n magazines, newsletters, etc. are aimed at one of two groups of people, either people who know nothing at all about compu(}ters, let alone BASIC, or people who are already "experts" in Atari BASIC, in which case the article tries to "convert" t(}he reader to BASIC XE, Turbo BASIC, or some entirely different language besides BASIC. Obviously, if you're going to (}read an article about programming BASIC, you want to learn about BASIC. So, we will NOT try to convert you to programming(} in C, ACTION!, machine language, Pascal, or anything else. We'll deal with BASIC, period. And because Atari BASIC is(} the most widely used dialect of that language, at least among Atari 8-bit owners, we'll avoid trying to convert you to s(}ome other BASIC. Yes, I'll point out certain features of BASIC XE and Turbo BASIC (the two "other" BASICs I'm somewhat fam(}iliar with) from time to time when it's relevant and appropriate. But, we won't constantly harp on BASIC XE (which is a w(}aste when the reader doesn't own the $60.00 cartridge) and Turbo BASIC (which is a waste when the reader uses SpartaDOS, e(}xcept for the X-cart, because Turbo BASIC won't work with the disk-based SpartaDOS versions). What we cover here will be e)}qually valid in practically any BASIC for the Atari 8-bit...well, maybe not. I've never really used MicroSoft BASIC, so I)} can't really tell if what we're covering applies to it. Another thing that will make this series different is that w)}e're going to cut through some of the garbage that often appears in BASIC programming articles. For one thing, if you wan)}t to learn about the SETCOLOR command, look elsewhere. THIS series will be using POKE instead, because POKE is faster, sim)}pler to learn, and uses less memory...which makes me wonder why ANYONE bothers with SETCOLOR in the first place. This ser)}ies won't. We will also not bother with trying to show you how to include machine language subroutines in a BASIC pr)}ogram. In order to do this, you have to have an ML routine to include, which means you have to write one, which means you )}have to know how to use ML to write one. And if you can do that, you don't need a series on BASIC, do you? So, exact)}ly what WILL we be covering? Well, stick with us, and you'll find out, and maybe learn how to write effective, coherent pr) }ograms and routines along the way! For this month's column, we'll look at a simple yet powerful command, the PRINT s) }tatement. The most common application for PRINT is to display something on the screen. For example:10 PRINT "This is line) } 10." 20 PRINT "This is line 20." 30 PRINT 3+6 If you type in the above short program and RUN it, you'll get the fol) }lowing output:This is line 10. This is line 20. 9READY This illustrates three important points about BASIC and the) } print statement. The first point is that, as you can see from the results, BASIC executes lines in the order in which th)}ey're numbered, unless we instruct it to do otherwise (by using GOTO or GOSUB...but that's for another article). The)} second point is that when using PRINT with text, BASIC will print whatever we enclose in quotation marks after the PRINT )}statement. It could be "This is line 10.", or "My name is John", or "ASDFGHJRTYUIVBNMTYUIO", it's all the same to your At)}ari. The third point is that we can also use PRINT to tell the Atari to display the results of an arithmetic operati)}on. When we tell BASIC to "PRINT 3+6) the Atari adds three and six and prints the result, which is 9. Naturally, we d)}on't need a computer to tell us that 6+3=9, but when we want to solve 1234+5678+3456+1357+2468, the computer can do it mu)}ch faster than we can. So, you now know how to use your Atari as a calculator, don't you? The following lines show ho)}w to perform other math operations in BASIC.50 PRINT 8-3 60 PRINT 6*3 70 PRINT 6/2 80 PRINT SQR(144) RUN the above)} and you'll get 5 (8-3), 18 (6*3), 3 (6/3), and 12 (the square root of 144). We can also chain calculations together using)} parentheses, like this:PRINT (16+4)/2 This will return 10. Without the parentheses, Atari BASIC would divide four)} by two first, arriving at two, then add that to 16, giving a final result of 18. But because your Atari understands the u)}se of parentheses in mathematics, it will do what's in the parentheses first, so it adds 16+4 and gets 20, then divides th)}at by 2 to get the final answer of 10. The Atari BASIC Reference Manual lists operator precedence as follows:Highes)}t Precedence: Relational operators used in string expressions have same precedence and are performed left to right. These )}include >,<.=.>=.<=,and <>. These are followed, in order of preference, by the unary minus (-), exponentiation, mult)}iplication and division (* and /), addition and subtraction (+ and -), relational operations in numeric expressions (agai)}n, <,>,=,>=,<=, and <>), the unary operator NOT, the logical AND, and the logical OR. If you don't understand all the)} mathematical implications of the above, it's alright. It isn't the purpose of this article to teach math. But if you alr) }eady know how to do math and want to learn how to use your Atari to help you, you'll find this information vital. Th)!}e examples above also illustrate something useful about Atari BASIC, which is that if we want an immediate anser we can ju)"}st enter, say, PRINT 2+2 and press the RETURN key, and the Atari will give us 4 right away. In a program, we can use line)#} numbers, perhaps storing the result in a variable like this:10 LET A=(16+4)/2 20 PRINT A When we RUN this we'll get)$} 10 again. Also, the LET is optional here, we can just as easily write line 10 as:10 A=(16+4)/2 Here's another exa)%}mple using several variables.10 A=10:B=5 20 AA=A+B:BB=A-B:CC=A/B:DD=A*B 30 PRINT "A+B=";AA 40 PRINT "A-B=";BB 50 PRINT )&}"A/B=";CC 60 PRINT "A*B=";DD When you RUN this program you'll get the following:15 5 2 50 The above program il)'}lustrates another feature of PRINT. Notice how we used the information in quotation marks to set up a nice, neat-looking )(}display, then followed that with a semicolon, followed by the variable name we wanted to print? The semicolon leaves ))}the PRINT position where it left off. Otherwise the answer would have been printed at the begnning of the next line on the)*} screen. Try replacing those semicolons. Rerite the lines as follows:30 PRINT "A+B=":PRINT AA 40 PRINT "A-B=":PRINT BB )+}50 PRINT "A/B=":PRINT CC 60 PRINT "A*B=":PRINT DD Now RUN the program again and look at the difference in what appear),}s on the screen, and you'll see what the semicolon did in the PRINT statements we used earlier. There's another comm)-}and often used with PRINT, the POSITION statement, which allows us to tell BASIC exactly WHERE on the screen we want to p).}rint something. Let's try the following program which illustrates the effect of using POSITION with PRINT:5 PRINT CHR$(1)/}25) 10 POSITION 0,0:PRINT "This is line 10" 20 POSITION 0,2:PRINT "This is line 20" 30 POSITION 0,1:PRINT "This is line 3)0}0" Before we RUN this program, first I'd better explain line 5. Each character that your Atari's keyboard can produc)1}e is represented by a number from zero to 255. Some of the characters are letters and numbers, some are punctuation marks,)2} some are the graphics characters produced by pressing CONTROL and a letter key. The number which represents each characte)3}r doesn't change...32 is an A, 33 is a B, and so on. The character numbered 125 represents the command which clears your )4}screen. You can get it from the keyboard with SHIFT-CLEAR or CONTROL-CLEAR. In a program we can tell BASIC to PRINT CHR$(1)5}25), and when we RUN the program, BASIC will clear the screen when it encounters this command. Now, RUN the program.)6} The screen will clear. Now look at the result. You'll notice that "This is line 30" appears on the screen BEFORE "This is)7} line 20", even though we know that BASIC executed the statements in the order they're numbered. The reason things got pr)8}inted out is because of the POSITION command. Line 10 uses "POSITION 0,0" which tells BASIC to move the cursor to co)9}lumn zero, line zero on the screen. We then print "This is line 10" starting from that screen position. Line 20 uses ):}"POSITION 0,2". This tells the Atari to begin printing at column zero on line TWO on the screen, skipping over line one, w);}hich is then used by line 30 (POSITION 0,1). Now, if you ran the program you can see that POSITION 0,0 starts printi)<}ng in the first space of the first line on the screen. Why, then, isn't this POSITION 1,1 instead of 0,0? because computer)=}s count funny (compared to humans). To people, zero means nothing, so we usually start counting from one. But to a compute)>}r, everything means something, even a zero, and so computers start counting from zero. Thus, the upper lefthand corn)?}er of your screen is 0,0 to the Atari, not 1,1. Your Atari has 40 columns across, numbered from zero to 39, and it has 24)@} lines from top to bottom, numbered from 0 to 23. You can specify anyplace on the screen to print something provided you k)A}now the right x-y coordinates to use with the POSITION statement. Of course, in a program you should make sure that what )B}you want to print will fit. If you start printing at, say, column 20, you have only 19 characters left on that line before)C} you reach the end. When you reach the end the Atari will go to the beginning of the next line. POSITION is handy whe)D}n you want to line things up in columns or print in a "window" of space you've set aside on the screen for user prompts.)E} In a future column we'll examine the use of PEEK and POKE in Atari BASIC, and we'll see how we can use POKE to set th)F}e screen margins, enabling us to adjust the width of the screen so we can get the full 40 column width without using POSIT)G}ION (the Atari defaults to a 38-character screen width). In the meantime, next month we'll look at numeric variables, and)H} at some methods of setting up what programmers refer to as a "loop". ime, next month we'll look at numeric variables, and(G OL' HACKERS P.D. DISK LIBRARY (NEWLIB5.ASC) 117 to 133 ============================= Additions as of July 1991 # 1-J}17 [Side 1]: Contains two LABEL PROGRAMS plus an excelent menu program "LAMENU" in addition to MYDOS ver. 4.0. DV LABELE-K}R Ver. 1.0 (DVLABEL1.BAS 207 sectors) produces Disk Labels and VCR Labels. MO LABELER Ver. 1.0 (MOLABEL1.BAS 168 sectors)-L} makes Mail Labels or Odd Labels. [Side 2]: Contains a Print Shop Label program, two disk copiers, keyboard macros, Manag-M}er, Graphic demos and other utilities. 13 programs - MANAGER.MOD, MYCOPYR.COM, COPIER.COM, MENUBAS.BIN, PRINTTXT.BAS, KEY-N}BDSND.BAS,SWITCH.OBJ,PSLABEL7.BAS, MYCOPYR.DOC, CLOCKCHM.BAS, MACROEDT.MOD, KLEIDSC2.BAS and TWOCOLMN.MO1. # 118 [Side -O}1]: A mailing list program and a mailing list utility program entitled "MAIL PRO" by Frank w. Votan.This side also contain-P}s complete documentation. [Side 2]: This side has a "Calorie Counter", Disk mend program, a program to make two Ram Disks -Q}with a 800XL or 130Xe computer, a printout program to print files to any device with print pause and resume, an autodialer-R} and other utilities. 19 files including documentation: SWITCH.OBJ, SOUNDS.BAS, SOUNDS.DOC, WRITER.BAS, WRITER.DOC, ERROR-S}.BAS, ERROR.DOC, DBLRAMDK.BAS, DISKMEND.BAS, PRINTOUT.BAS, AUTODUTI.LTY, AUTODIAL.DOC, PICKIOC.BAS, DBLRMDOS.BAS, MRDISK.O-T}BJ, CALCALC.BAS, AUTODAIL.ER,GOTHIC.FNT, ROLLQTY.BAS. # 119 [Side 1] (Brad Roltgen Enterprises ATARI Disk # 33 UTILITI-U}ES). This disk contains "Applications Programs with Documentation". BOOKEEPR.BAS, BOOKEEPR.DOC, WORKSHOP.BAS, WORKSHOP.DO-V}C, SORT.BAS, CLASS.FIL, LIFEINS.BAS, LIFEINS.DOC, LEDGER.BAS, LEDGER.DOC, CHECK.DAT, DOCPRINT.BAS. [Side 2]: "Educational -W}Games and Utilities" also the HAPPY XL O/S V2A for use with Happy Enhancement. FUJBOINK.COM, MATHGAME.COM, MATHGAME.DOC,P-X}RNTSTAR.BAS, TETRIX.COM, TETRIX.DOC, CRNEBULA.COM,CRNEBULA.DOC, ATASCII.COM, TETRIX.HSC and FONT.SYS. # 120 [Side 1]: D-Y}OS Mods for 256K plus misc. programs. LUNALNDR.BAS, LUNALNDR.DOC, IRA.BAS, IRA.DOC, DISKEDIT.BAS, DISKEDIT.DOC, FILERCVR.B-Z}AS, FILERCVR.DOC,DISKINV.BAS, DISKINV.DOC, IRMODE3.BAS, IRMODE45.BAS,IRMODES.DOC, FASTCIRC.BAS, FASTCIRC.DOC, WALLCAL.BAS-[},WALLCAL.DOC, XMASLIST.CAS, HEADTAIL.BAS, ADDNUMBR.BAS, ERROR.BAS, ERROR.DOC, SOUNDS.BAS, SOUNDS.DOC, WRITER.BAS, WRITER.D-\}OC, DBLRMDOS.BAS, MASTRMND.BAS, DBLRAMDK.BAS and RETIRMNT.BAS. [Side 2]: Autodialer + American Compiler + Utilities. 12 f-]}iles: TWOPRNTR.BAS, MRDISK.OBJ, CALCALC.BAS, ROLLQTY.BAS, AUTODUTI.LTY, AUTODIAL.DOC, COMPILER.COM, DISKMEND.BAS, PRINTOU-^}T.BAS, TOOLSGUN.LST, AUTODIAL.ER, and GOTHIC.FNT. # 121 [Side 1]: ARENA UTILITIES disk. Contains 5 programs with docume-_}ntation and HELP files.(CONVERT5.COM) converts the ASCII CONTROL-M and CONTROL J to an Atari return character plus the r-`}everse function.(ADDRPRNT.BAS)creates address labels. (PSET82.BAS) lets you set up a Panasonic or Epson compatable printer-a} to print in various formats. (MODEMUTL.BAS) for anyone who runs a BBS, this program will take the BBS offline when you wi-b}sh to use the computer for other purposes. (COLR40.COM) is a helper program to help a BASIC programmer figure out the col-c}or codes needed to get certain programs in their BASIC programs. [Side 2]: ANTIC P.D. SUPER UTILITIES #2 (PD0012). 22 pro-d}grams, oldies! but goodies! There's almost no documentation included, except what's built into the programs themselves. T-e}herefore, you may need some expertise in order to use programs correctly. BUBLSORT.ANT, CAESARSC, KEY6CIPH, COMPARE, A-REN-f}UMBER, COMPACT, MEMDUMP. DUPFAST, RTCLOCK, MODEM, SYSTAT.SYS, TYPO.LIS, HOMEINVE, SYNTAB, SUPER.MEN, SCRNPRNT, DISLLABL, S-g}YSTAT.BAS, BUILD2X.BAS, DUPFAST.COM and RTCLOCK.OBJ. # 122 JACG DISK #227D. GAMES-MUSIC-UTILITIES-PICTURES. [Side 1]: 1-q}B%DOS SYSBAUTORUN SYSB6)EUPGRAD TXTBVAUTORUN COMCWCX85 TXTBWELCOME SCRB9NEWSLTR BASBPRESSPRTMNUBHELP DOCBMAINMENUHLPBYDBAS101 TXTBIBPDLIB TXTBHATARTRISCOMB!GATARTRITXTB2COMPDICTBASBFBONUS TXTB<fCX85 TXT1 programs, full disk therefore no room for DOS. Includes "Hunt Automata", "Charlie Chicken", California Gold", "Troll War-r}", "Composers Juke Box","Auto Booter" and more. HUNTAU.OBJ, TROLL.OBJ, MKBOOT.OBJ, RESCUE.OBJ, CSWTCH.OBJ, CVTEXT.BIN, CH-s}RCHI.OBJ, GOLD.OBJ, AM2.OBJ, QKMENU.OBJ and ROXANN.OBJ. [Side 2]: 8 more programs with DOS and DUP. Contains "Codebuster -t}Construct-A-Disk"-KILL" a file utility for SPARTDOS, "COPY+PLUS" similar to MyCopyR!, more pictures and demos. CODEBS.OBJ,-u} CPYPLS.OBJ, CPYPLS.DOC, KILL.COM, KILL.DOC, CITY.OBJ, LABELS.OBJ and SNOWCO.OBJ. # 123 JACG DISK #228. BOTH SIDES FULL-v} OF DOCUMENTATION AND TEXT FILES. [Side 1]: Documentation for "Sketch!", "Koala Pad/Atari Artist Picture Printer", "Koala-w} Pad Micro Illustrator Conversion Program", Disk Masher XE V1.1", "Alternate Reality Potions List", "The Killer", "Advance-x}d Music System II Player", "Print Shop File Converter", "Atari Touch Tablet mod to RAMBRANT(Antic)", "PDOS 1.0", "Invader-y}", "Atari RLE Maker" and more. SWAN.OBJ, BILBOA.DOC, PDOS.DOC, POTION.TXT, TTMOD.TXT, SG10.AWP, RLEMAK.DOC, INVADE.DOS, DD-z}OC, FLOORM.OBJ, MSHXE.DOC, PSPIC3.DOC, PICPRT.DOC, KOALAPIC.DOC, SKETCH.DOC, ARPOTI.TXT and AM2PLY.DOC. [Side 2]: Documen-{}tation for "HappyXL ver. 1C", "PLOT a charting program", "SMARTRAM V.2", "Hollywood Medievil", "DOOMTOMB", "XSPLOAD.DOS Ve-|}r 2.00", "Sticktst.xmo", "Relocatable File Creator", "Ultrafont", "EARTRN" and others. HOLLY.DOC, PIOCTL.TXT, XSPLOA.DOC,-}} BEDIT.DOC, SMARTR.DOC, DOOM.DOC, HAPPYDX.DOC, PIOCRL.TXT, RELOC.DOC, STICKT.DOC, PLOT.DOC, EARTN.DOC, TICTAC.DOC and ULFO-~}NT.DOC. # 124 JACG DISK #229. BOTH SIDES FULL OF BINARY GAMES, UTILITIES AND DEMOS with instructions and/or documentati-}on. [Side 1]: (CAVLDR.OBJ) "CAVELORD" a German import converted into english. (TOPGUN.OBJ)"TOP GUN" a pinball game. (FNTC-}ON.COM, FNTCCON.DOC) Atari to Daisy-Dot Font Converter. (CNVPIC.DOC) SIG*TERM Support Utility Picture Converter, view grap-}hics on-line and capture the picture as disk files after viewing them. [Side 2]: (SEADRAG.OBJ) "SEA DRAGON" a demo. (RA-}MDKA.OBJ) a utility. (KEYMUS.OBJ) "Key Board Music Maker V.3.1".(XAGON.OBJ) "XAGON" a game from M.A.C.E. Australia. (STICK-}T.OBJ) an error loading PASCAL library (documentation on Disk #123. (ARIZON.OBJ) "ARIZONA Computer City" a graphic. (AMPH-}IB.BIN, AMPHIB.DOC) "AMPHIBIAN" a game. # 125 [Side 1]: ATARI CODE. Atari Morse Code Training Program. Menu driven allo-}ws you to learn the Morse Code. Lets you to select 1) All Characters-2) Letters Only, 3) Numbers Only, 4) Select Letters -}and 5) Random Words. The code speed and frequency are adjustable. [Side 2]: UTILITY PROGRAMS COMPILED BY ATARI COMPUTER EN-}THUSIASTS (A.C.E) OF EUGENE, OREGON. (ACE UTILITY DISK #3). Contains 15 programs. (POLYCOPY)- A disk copying utility. Allo-}ws you to select only specific programs and arrange them in a specific order. (TINYTEXT.MK2)- This word processor allows -}input of frequently used words or phrases with only a few keystrokes. (ABIS)-Allows user to easily format text on the scre-}en then writes a BASIC program to display the text. (FUNCTION KEY)-Creates function keys booted into an AUTORUN.SYS. (QDOS-})-A quick DOS. (MENUPLUS)-Allows creation of an (AUTORUN.SYS), lock files, binary load and other features all from a menu.-} (LWRCASE.GR2)-Tutorial on using upper and lower case letters in graphics modes 1 and 2.(MEMMAP)-A visual memory map. (RA-}MTEST)-Test all the available RAM. (COLOR.TST)-A test pattern for your TV. (COLORS)-An easy way to find the most pleasing -}combination of background and text color. (PMHELPER.2)-An easy to use player maker from Stan Ockers. (RESET)-Disables the-} reset key.Use ESC to exit. (DISKSORT)-Sorts disk titles alphabetically. Includes a menu function. # 126 S.P.A.C.E. D-}ISK #63 PRINTSHOP UTILITIES. (Updated Aug 1987.) This disk contains 13 pages of instructions and documentation files. [Si-}de 1]: 1).THE ICON SHOP. An oustanding Print Shop Graphic editor/creator with many advanced features. (by Gregg Tavares, v-}ia the Genesee Atari Group in Flint, MI; G.A.G. Disk #149). 2).PACKTOOL.EXE. Compacts ("scrunches") or uncompacts ("unscr-}unches") Print Shop Graphics images (which are in DOS file format) for fast modem transferor convenient "Theme" storage. I-}n ACTION. (by Dave Oblad, via G.A.G. Disk #97). 3).PSPIC.EXE. Converts Print Shop Screen Magic Images (the full screen ty-}pe, not the small Graphic images) to DOS disk format. Also PSPIC allows you to overlay this picture with multiple Print Sh-}op Graphic images.(Ver. 3.0 by M.G. Collins 10/85, via G.A,G, Disk #149). 4).SHOPTOOL.EXE. Use to view or to convert Print-} Shop Graphic image to DOS file format (or vice-versa). In ACTION. (by Dave Oblad, via Compuserve). 5).DOCREADR.EXE. Displ-}ays or prints out documentation files. (by Jim Thompson via ANTIC PD). 6). DOS.SYS/DUP.SYS. Atari DOS 2.0 with a modified-} DOS.SYS file to support the Icon Shop. [Side 2]: 1). ARTSHOP.BAS. Converts Micro-Painter pictures to Print Shop Screen M-}agic images and vice-versa. Also formats disks (both types), renames, deletes, prints file listings of images on Print Sho-}p type data disks. (by Forrest A. Blood-JACS, from the JACG Library). 2). BASICON.OBJ/BASICOFF.OBJ. Use to enable/disable-} the BASIC Language on XL/XE computers. Binary Load (Dos Option L) from DOS. 3).DOCUMENT.ATN. A BASIC program which prints-} out "DOC" files in a similiar fashion (ie, to screen or printer) asthe DOCREADER.EXE program, Allows user selection of th-}e file to be printed/viewed. (by Tom Pazel, JACG). 4). FLIPPER2.OBJ. Use with DOS file formatted Print Shop Graphics imag-}es to flip, inverse overlay letters and make other modifications to the picture. Built-in documentation instructions. NOTE-}: The Graphics' filename must have a ".PSF" extender. Also when prompted for a filename (during loads or saves), be sure -}to type in the complete filespec, e.g., "D:MYPIC.PSF".In compiled BASIC. (by Jim Steele of G.A.G. via disk #116). 5).PSFCO-}NV.BAS. A BASIC program that will convert saved Print Shop Screens to DOS file format. (NOTE: Do not use with Print Shop G-}raphic images/pictures!).Created files are 63 sectors long. A preformatted DOS disk is required. (by Mike McCuen, from AN-}ALOG #38, Jan 86, pg 95). 6). PSFLOAD.BAS. A BASIC screen load subroutine bfor use with pictures created with PSFCONV.BAS,-} above. (by Mike McCuen, from ANALOG #38, Jan 86, pg 95). 7). PSPRINT.OBJ. Prints out to an Epson/Star(or compatible) prin-}ter a listing (the picture + name) of all Print Shop Graphic images contained on that disk. Up to 70 pictures are convien-}tly printed on each page - each in the proper height/width ratio!Thus, the contents of a "packed" disk will require only 2-} pages. Compiled BASIC and VERY slow, but worth the wait! (by Rick Harroun, via G.A.G. Disk #124). 8). PSUTIL.BAS. A BASIC-} utility for Print Shop Graphic images on PrintShop data disks only. Use to view, rename, alphabetize (and make a 5 column-} filename print out), or just print out 20 graphic images per page using Epson Gemini or Prowriter type printers. (by Tom-} Pazel, JACG; JC mods). 9). PS2VIS.BAS. Converts a Print Shop Graphic image into "VISUALIZER" format as a normal DOS type -}file.Use joystick to position the image anywhere on the 1760 byte VISUALIZER screen. (by Tom Pazel, JACG). 10). SHOPRINT.O-}BJ.Use to print out listings of the contents of Print Shop Graphic disks using Epson/compatible printers. Similiar to PSP-}RINT.OBJ, above, except the printed pictures are larger sized and slightly elongated. Two printout sizes available, howeve-}r, (by unknown, via CompuServe). 11). Atari DOS 2.5. The DUP.SYS and RAMDISK.COM files are also included. *********-}******************** The TURBO BASIC PROGRAMMING KIT is a 3 disk set (#127, #128 and #129) especially written for the beg-}inning and intermediate Atari user. It shows you how to write effective programs of unlimited length that are easy reading-} easy to use and elegant. Ordinary English explanations are used throughout the set. A must have disk set for any program-}mer. The program is in the Public Domain and has been written by Ron Fetzer-of THE OL'HACKER A.U.G. ****************-}************* # 127 [Double Sided] (Disk #1) is the NEW updated version of TURBO BASIC and Compiler with complete manual-} on side 2. # 128 [Double Sided] (Disk #2) Programming Made Easy I and II, is on how to write modular and structured p-}rograms in TURBO BASIC. # 129 [Double Sided] (Disk #3) has programming modules and textfiles on arrays and sorting in -}TURBO BASIC. # 130 BIG-ATARI 8-BIT DEMO by Hi-tech Team (Holland). [DOUBLE SIDED in 1050 Density]. Contains outstanding-} music selections and fantastic graphics demos. Autoload menu driven , MUSIC MENU 1 and 2 have 16 selections each, FX DEM-}O 1!-2! and 3! are graphic demos that show you what is capable on the 8-bit Atari, LOAD BIG SCROLL! is a graphic scrolling-} demo and DIGI MUSIK contains 2 more selections. *** I-N-S-T-R-U-C-T-I-O-N-S *** 1) Use [SELECT] then [START] to pick an-}d run programs from menu. 2) Use [OPTION] to return to Main Menu. 3) DIGI MUSIK is on Side 2. [SELECT] DIGI MUSIX from -}Main Menu on Side 1 then turn disk over and then press [START]. Two music programs "ETHNICOLOR" and "CRAZY CARS" are avai-}lable. # 131 EUROPEAN DEMO by SOD. [Side 1]: No instructions on disk - press letter A-E to start program. A) "Pierestr-}oika" (demo), B) "The DCW! Final" (demo)-C) "The MEGAVIEW" (demo) **use JoyStick to read text [RESET] to Main Menu, D) "Re-}venge of the Magnus" **[ESC] for Part 2 [RESET]to Main Menu and E) "Button" (demo) **[OPTION] to change Patterns [RESET] t-}o Main Menu. [Side 2]: No instructions on disk experiment with/without BASIC on programs also try [START],[ESC] and [OPTI-}ON] keys. 7 programs on disk. "LITTLE", "THANX" (Message), "FOTO" (Graphic Demo), "ALIEN" **[ESC] key, "DICTUM" **[DELETE/-}BS] key, "ANSWER" (Graphic/Music) and "CAOTIC". # 132 GAMES mostly binary with demos and/or instructions included with -}each game. [Side 1]: 8 programs. "GRUBS", "DOMINO", "CIRCUS", "DEFLECTOR", "KINGDOM", "MUBBLE CHASE", "SWITCH BOX 1.1" an-}d "MAXTER MIND" with separate documentation. [Side 2]: 6 programs. "TRANSITION", "BRICK WALL", "BRICK WALL VER. 2", "BLOC-}K'EM", "AIR ATTACK" AND "NIM". # 133 UTILITY PROGRAMS COMPILED BY ATARI COMPUTER ENTHUSIASTS (A.C.E.) OF EUGENE, OREGON-}. [Side 1]: (ACE UTILITY DISK # 1)--29 different utilities for Disk, Printer, Modem and your BASIC programs. (ALTUSE9)-De-}monstrates writing/reading on entire screen. (AUTORUN.CAS)-Autorun boot for your cassette programs (BUBLSORT)--- Demonst-}rates simple, slow sorting algorythm (CLOAD.AUT)Automatic cload routine.(DATASTMT.GEN)-Generates data statements. (DAYOWEE-}K)-Subroutine determines day of week, given date. (DECIDUMP)-Memory dump in decimal. (DISASM)-Analyze memory with 6502 as-}sembler instructions.(DISKTAPE)-Dump Diskfiles to tape. (ERRTRAP)-Error trapper, describes errors. (HELP)-Read messages, d-}ocumentation placed on disk by (HELP.WRT)-Writes text to disk to generate documentation, instructions, etc. (HEXADEC)-Conv-}ert hex to decimal. (HOTSTUFF)-Multiple purpose directory printing menu. (LABELDSK)-Generates small directories to fit on -}small disks. (LISTER)-To list programs in column-widths using Atari 825. (MODEM)-Downloader modem program. (NOTEIN)(NOTEO-}UT)-Demonstrats NOTE and POINT. (PEEKER)-Looks at memory at specific locations. (PMDEMO)-Superfast player-missle graphics -}demo. (RENUM)-A renumbering program. (SCREENPR)-Screen to print for 825. (SUPRCOMP)-Compares 2 similar BASIC programs with-} list of differences.(PRINTEST.EPS)-Epson Cable Printer Test. (TINYTXT2) Tiny Text 2.0 by Stan Ockers, 3rd upgrade by Dale-} Lutz 6/1/83. (DIR)-another disk directory. (MENU)-special menu for Eugene A.C.E. [Side 2]: (ACE UTILITY DISK #2)--13 Ut-}ility Programs. (MENU.JOY)-menu program with selections by JoyStick. (JONESTR)-Upload/Download Program Ver 2.3 by Frank C.-} Jones 5/3/82. (EXAMINE)-Look at any Sector on Disk. (LPDIR)(MX80)-printer utility. (EPSHAND.DEM)(MX80)-printer demo. (MX-}80.IN1)-Test your printer cable. (TVTEST)-Test patterns for your TV. (AUTORUN.BLD)-Use this program to make your own AUTOR-}UN files. (VARIABLE.LST)-List variables in BASIC programs. (PLOT825)-Use your 825 printer as a Plotter/Printer. (UPDNLOAD-})-Data Transfers from the 850 interface. (QUESTION.FMT)-Random question/statement retrevial. (TIMECLOK)-Real time clock ru-}ns as you program/play. ============================= end of listing D:NEWLIB5A.A39 ====================-}========= program/play. ============================= end of listing D:NEWLIB5A.A39 ====================, c@:Ћ/R01"/`,oading!4!242)3pppBAR @@L~1}@ @ 44 46@]@/ptions-enuCC@@NAAA>BBB.C~CZDD!4!242)31}by3teve"udrysDDpppB@B@0B@0B@0BNA0BA0BA0B>B0BB0BB0B.C0B~C0B DADEF[FERGGFxJJKH1}I'D D`'D`D)D(`'D)D`e`/0D1@ @ @ <"/`'D1}`@ Ci(Ci` E'D` E'` (E E I ELIr XFWFLErIr ELE/ne0layeFFr/F9F4wo0la1}yersWFFF/Fr FFLE eJ  #| Er PrL0laythegamealreadyFF2esumegameFGFFr OGNGL1}ErIr FLE!lignmentguideisoff&G:G!lignmentguideisonNGGF&Gr GGLErIr TGLE3inglesarenot/+GG1}3inglesare/+GHrGGrHHLE΃r΃rr G wLE.opiecesrotategoodluck H%H&ewpiecesrotate=HNH3omepieces1}rotateeHvH-ostpiecesrotateHH!llpiecesrotateHHGH=HeHHHHI-IHLE eJ rL9J x LkE6iewhighscoresI1}QIAILE eJ /0i1"/ x LkE!bout!tartrisiIdJ E'I` 6E@H@ KJ E E@@@ sL1}h@ L @ @``` xI kE@@@ iIx-yI)5x-yI)C iI L@@@@ iI L 9JM cELI iI L@@ @@1}@LI-Н 9J@ KJ cELI~Э `@ E@E@@l@`eJJr iI cEΛr` rJJLErcrr1}=s !rcr zJLE3tartatlevel!J Kr KKLEΆrr J EL$onotpreviewpiecesK.K0reviewonepieceFKWK1}0reviewtwopiecesnKK0reviewthreepiecesKK0reviewfourpiecesKKJKFKnKKr 9L8LLErIr KLE0iecesrotate1}clockwiseL.L0iecesrotatecounter clockwise8LLKLH @ ԍЩЩWLh@H@ ԍЭ @Щ<Lh@<L 1}`@ ™DD`@ BD0D`LL||8~| 0`||  80 0 ~~`0 0`ooXYUUUUUUUUUUUU몪UUU1}UUU뫫WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW뫫1}WWWWWWYZ8p1}p8?ww<~~~<1}x`x`~<~~<0~Z[0 ~ <~~<1}着着ﯯﯯ1}ﯯﯯ[[PggpАcDPc1}APg!4!242)3gg!productof"lind3quirrel3oftware7rittenby3teve"udrysgg'%nie3"udryshh#1}ompu3erve )h:h!pple,ink$Qhhhco6ertical3olutionsyhh!venue+earnyhh6alencia #!h1}h4hanksto4om-eyer whoseideasandhisuggestionsfundamentallyshapedthisi;iprogram4hanksalsoto*ohn-eyer Aihi+at1}hy#ooke friendsof4he"ig(ouseiii4hisprogrammaybefreelydistributedppppGugppp  p  ppAipq1};!#7;-9/3#/=!5-=<"(0<*0>"&0><",>1}3/!7;95=3/!7;95=!##/;--="$$0<..q1}`r>359746:8359746:8"6:0<48>"6:0<481}>"$6><."8<:$040.>arhrrr! 40-**-r1}r&rs ,%6%,!D:TETRIS.SET yrl1}fyrlf`[ULHyrlf`[UQLHD@<<- -(# xcc@ddde,eeess!4!242)3()'(3#/2%3Nucu0ress42)''%21}formenuwuuuu ccuvD1:SCORES.TETv|wvvv)v4v?vJvUv`vkvvvu vu vv` 2}uu`uu` `ruu v v vuuuu 孛ru v vrruuu ` u u2} v v v vu`r uumre` Mwr`͕r}wxxrr)n }rur)riruur r fw2}urrr);rLfwrދrr)!irLfwrŅr`r)ruu`urvvʈ fwrr cvvʈ2} 0w vr`Åsrr vv i(ii yxIyirr `ppppBsp         p@2}Ax ?x/0x1 < "/ u x- 9J `` us TyJyKy y Lyu`` 2}us TyJyKy jyLLyJyy BLVBDsEJLVDEJyHKyIBLVDEJyHKyI BLV2}yz޼rr`rrL_Hx ԍЩ׍yh@HJ ԍЍЩyh@Hx ԍЩzh@HHHrX ԍЎ2}Ќ ԩyhhh@y `\`PL\йL]йM^`'rcr2}c``z{i`` Ly TyJyKyX jy Ly\`XYX腲Xar` {}2 }i i`ľi ii(i``iii i`ir 2 }ąr܅{|r i i`䥲i i `irrrcccrθrιr`ҩ2 }Ҡ҈` rҭr `rrr./ cE ,zP0g1/`ir lnee…r2 }) .ripm|}r`漥 W| S{Ƽ` W| S{ Ƽ`漥~rri i W| S{ ~rr2 }`漥0vr~rrr)i) W| S{; |6 |1 |& |~rr­r2}Ƽ`(cirl}\~i.i`ni>i`irrx)r)rɩʘ)r)r`irrr2}rÙręrřrƙrǙrșrərʙrIirrʹrɹrƹrȹrŹrrr¹rùrĹrLy`^~Y )` 2}` i ii i` ľ`i i8`8 Ʊľ`2} $i@iii i`i@iii(i`ZUi2}ii i` ?z cz z #y H zy \ ,z { z`irr޴ri ©(éʅ`cc=s rc=s2}rL-`rr | | |`jrSrNrΚrrr |rr |rr |rkrrݮrr `LVQ2}jrL`krr+sr;srLsr rjrr`trŅr |ǭr |r |1-ʅĭr$ͣrͤr2}ʭr | rЅMr |rХ`rlrmr rr {} ~#r.rridrrirmr a h~L!r2} RMmrL xL{mr mmrkrlrmr`rmr?lrirrrrkrr ` r mrkrlrmr ~mrм`nro2}rprľ0i iľL`rLIL IL``ԩ./Щoibb2}NIЍ Щr`rPЩr`ЍЍr` ^~i )̓ri irr`rr`r mirmiryszs2}irrrri) .ripmri L(riii(iΛrΜrL`PЩ`2}Ѝ`rIJErLXrc  zirrƭrIr l { {} &{irn { {} &{r ir `Pi(2}cii$ii(汥i(`c%`lirrir nr`irirr`i 2}ir rFA2 {} &{ cEr h~ж {} &{rir` wc% ! rrrr2}ȍrr}rrrrrɩ(ÍrrčrrrrʩǍrr r {} &{ } r {} &{ } M`irH2}irl {irn B}{hir` rs Ly TyJyKyrLjyD:CONFIG.TET~K w LI } rir xw W| H2} } W| ~ {} &{rK = 7lr2 { {} &{,r0 } w cE,r }irr miru  ( rr {2 }jr } W| H r-rr r xLIL~0 } w cE,r }irr miru  ( rr {08 0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0 Atartris 1.01 Release Notes3/19/90 (SEE EDITORS NOTE BELOW!)Less than obvious f6"}eatures:During play pressing START abortsthe game and calls up the Options menu.Pressing OPTION also calls up theOptions6#} menu, but the game is preservedand may be resumed.(ED. NOTE: UNFORTUNATELY WE DO NOT HAVETHE TWO BELOW MENTIONED PROGRAM6$}S, BUTTHE "ATARTRIS.COM" PROGRAM RUNS WITHOUTTHEM. IF YOU HAVE THESE TWO PROGRAMSPLEASE SEND THEM TO OL' HACKERS ATARIUSE6%}R GROUP, INC. C/O ALEX PIGNATO, 3376 OCEAN HARBOR DR., OCEANSIDE NY 11572.)When the program loads it checks thedefault dri6&}ve for two files, theinformation in which it will use inplace of it's default data.The files are TETRIS.SET and CONFIG.TE6'}TCONFIG.TET allows you to have theoptions set to your preference uponloading. It should consist of:PLAYER COUNTLegal v6(}alues: 0,1 Default: 0SINGLES OK FLAGLegal values: 0,1 Default: 1ROTATE ODDSLegal values: 0,2,4,6,8 Defau6)}lt: 8GUIDE FLAGLegal Values: 0,1 Default: 1STARTING LEVELLegal Values: 33-58 Default: 33PIECES TO SHOWLega6*}l Values: 0-4 Default: 1ROTATE DIRECTIONLegal Values: 0,1 Default: 0COLOR 0Legal Values: 0-255 Default: 6+}180COLOR 1Legal Values: 0-255 Default: 146COLOR 2Legal Values: 0-255 Default: 12INITIALS (6 bytes)Legal Va6,}lues: 33-58 (screen codes A-Z) Default: 52 48 45 42 42 52An easy way to create a CONFIG fileis with a simple BASIC pr6-}ogram such as:10 Open #1,8,0,"D:CONFIG.TET"20 For I=1 to 1630 Read N40 Put #1,N50 Next I60 Close #170 0,1,8,1,33,1,0,6.}180,146,1280 Data 52,48,45,42,42,52The file TETRIS.SET should containa complete character set. The set inthe program re6/}sides at $5800, and canbe extracted by running the program,then executing a binary save from DOS.Atartris may be freely60} distributed init's original state. If you have anycomments, suggestions, or questions,I'd like very much to hear from you61}.Please contact me using one of themethods given in the program.Steverom you.Please contact me using one of themethod4K./e?{?ACBDEFGHIJKLMDSTAR@d!(@I((A@9P!(:3}x ( #( ( "( @ @c(@"(h( (((@:4}SAVE "D:COMPDICT.BAS @e -AP6@<2@:5}@@ b2e$b%2A @@9-@A= _2:6}b$;@@,;@@,;@@,;@@,;@@,;@@,;@@,;@@,;@@:7},;@@,;@@,;@@,;@@,g +'0@@9@@dKB7t@d]A:8}R@g BaAR@'-@@"D(PRESS TO GO ON....aF:B2y,@@ ! :9}(} (AR!$'b #B@8@@K:J@@\@@9b(::}}'#-@@!"(# $'()@"@(%D:INTRO%'!! @I)!@QB )'2@2:;}&@HBBBt'[ #B !-@@g'(}*(-(0(4"8(;(O-@@S"W([ :<}~'7(-@@""(& 0 @ 4 7%'W (}#B 56-P:@g$H:,,%@C-@S":=}W 'W (}#B 56-P:@g$H:,,%@C-@S"W ',( ( (((:>}((((WORD: ,'6-@B:,267<,.>:@:7<,,&A(,6 '4QUIT%' 4(CORRECT @:?}'2 0$(NO, CORRECT ANSWER IS:((2 @( @  B<((AR@#B %(}((F(i%6-P:@:@}g$H:,,%@G6-P:@g$H:,,%@i6-P:@g$H:,,%@P(")")"BZ(%:A}-@!"% d( 6.6.6.#B n(%-@!"% x( 6.6.6.#B:B} (%-@!"% (;%6-P:@$H:,,%@; B`%+@0$,(6( ('(:C} 1+(/(3(6(('(( 2( ($('(('(( 3( ($('(( B(6:D}( ('( 1+(/(3(6(('(( 2( ($('(('(( 3( ($(:E}'(( B(6( ('( 1+(/(3(6(('(( 2( ($('(('(( :F} 3( ($('(( B(c-@@" @@@@K:c(TYPE THE NUMBER OF YO:G}UR CHOICE()@"@%(!! @I)!@QB(b&@H @G-@+@$+&@:H}H,,%+&@P,X( Ǡb B)k&@H" @=-@+@$,%+&@,I(]-:I}@Aa k B)kk,,This section can be presented in,three different formats:,,1. LESSON -- The 67:J} words and )eetheir definitions will be pre-,sented in alphabetical order.,,2. FILL-IN-THE-BLANK-QUIZ -- The)YYdefiniti:K}on will be given. You,supply the word.,,3. MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUIZ -- A word)``and three possible definitions will,be given:L}. You decide which defi-,nition is correct.,,)DDDecide which format you want. Type,the number of your choice.)kk:M}Ӡ,Prewritten programs for a computer,system to solve a particular type,of problem.")SSThese problems may be b:N}usiness;,mathematical; game; or educational,in nature.,)^^,A seven-bit code used to change,letters or numbers or symbo:O}ls,into binary numbers.6)OOThe letters stand for American,Standard Code for Information,Interchange.@)dd,A number s:P}ystem with a base 2 that,uses only two digits to repre-,sent values: 0 and 1.J)RROther common number systems are,base 16 (h:Q}exadecimal) and base 10,(decimal).T)\\,The smallest unit of code. The,digit 1 or the digit 0 in an elec-,tronic circuit:R}.^)22The term comes from the words,BInary digiT.,h)DD,The process of placing a copy of,DOS in computer memory.,r)II:S}The term comes from the straps of,a boot used to pull on the boot.,|)88,An area in memory to hold a block,of data.,:T})SSThe flow of data is usually slowed,down or speeded up on purpose in a,buffer.)..,Any mistake in a computer program.:U},,)SSBugs may be made in the typing of,the program or in the program logic,itself.)33,The unit usually made up of e:V}ight,bits.,)eeOne byte represents one character,on the computer keyboard or a,command to the computer memory.)bb,The:W} use of computers in teaching;,helping students learn or practice,or increase skills.)99The letters stand for Computer-,Ai:X}ded Instruction.,)II,The use of computers to discover,new ways of solving problems.,)66The letters stand for Compute:Y}r-,Aided Learning.,)gg,A plastic case that holds a mag-,netic tape or disk to store data,or computer programs.):Z}aaLanguages and prewritten programs,often come in cartridges for use,with the Atari computer.)UUŠ,A strip of :[}magnetic material to,store computer programs or data.,)ffAn Atari cassette recorder is,required to use cassette tape to,st:\}ore and retrieve programs/data.*SS,A tiny piece of silicon on which,are imprinted many electrical,circuits.*aaSilic:]}on is the element that sand,is made of. The chip is the very,essence of the computer.*MM,The use of computers in a lar:^}ge,educational setting. Several rooms*((are hooked up to a large computer.&*kkThe main computer keeps track of,student :_}progress--provides lessons--,& performs administrative work.0*ff,An instruction word that tells the,computer to do s:`}omething with a,program or with data.:*HHExamples of BASIC commands are:,RUN PRINT DATA GOTO SAVE,LOAD.D*YY:a},Capable of working together with,two or more different computer,systems.N*jjPrograms written for an Atari com-,puter do no:b}t work on other compu-,ters. They are not compatible.X*kk,The part of the system that pro-,cesses information & calcula:c}tes,& moves data to and from memory.b*eeThe letters stand for Central,Processing Unit. It has 2 main,units: the ALU and C:d}ontrol Unit.l*nn,An occurence when a diskette has,a physical defect or when the data,on a diskette becomes garbled.v*:e}ZZDiskette problems are called hard,crashes and data problems are,called soft crashes.*HH,A video screen used with the:f} com-,puter. (also see Monitor).,*VVThe letters stand for Cathode-,Ray Tube. A CRT may be used for,input or output.*hh:g},The symbol on the video screen that,shows where the next character to,be typed will appear.*IIThe cursor on the At:h}ari computer,is a small white square of light.,*cc٭̠,A device consisting of rotating,spokes which contain:i} embossed,characters.*bbA small hammer hits each spoke,against the ribbon to print the,desired letters on the paper.*]]:j},A collection of information that,is stored on devices such as tapes,or disks.*QQThis information can be accessed:k},by independent computer systems,for a fee.*ll,A collection of related data stored,in a computer system to serve :l}more,than one application.*bbCommon data bases are lists of,names and addresses; inventory,lists; and financial accounts.:m}*\\,Taking data that has been input and,using it to produce information in*""other forms such as reports.:n}*RRAny change; processing; or manipu-,lation of data is called data,processing.*NN,The process of finding and :o}eliminat-,ing errors in a program.,*ffThis is sometimes more difficult and,time-consuming than writing the,program in the :p}first place.+__,A flat circular device that can,store data or computer programs for,later retrieval. +ffA disk is pl:q}astic which has been,coated with an oxide material and,placed in a protective cover.+YYˠ,A peripheral device that:r} loads data,or programs stored on a disk. Or it+''saves data or programs to a disk. +jjA disk drive consists of a spind:s}le,on which the disk rides and spins,to allow access to stored data.*+YY,The detailed instructions and facts,a:t}bout a program. These may be in++%%the program itself or separate.4+TTAn excellent program is of no value,without equall:u}y excellent documen-,tation.>+SS,A special computer program that,controls all the disk-related,activities.H+jjThe lett:v}ers stand for Disk Operating,System. The Atari can use,many versions of DOS including CP/M.R+ggԭؠ,A device:w} that forms characters by a,series of small dots made by sets,of pins.\+hhThese pins hit the ribbon against,the paper in pr:x}edetermined patterns,to make letters and symbols.f+cc,To transfer the contents of the,computer memory or the screen to,:y}another storage device.p+eeIf you save a computer program or,data to disk--this is DUMPing or,SAVING your program to disk.:z}z+TT,A collection of records that are,all saved under a single name on,a disk.+ffEach file on a disk has a name,calle:{}d a filename. Atari file-,names are up to 8+3 letters long.+\\,A graphic outline depicting the,detailed steps in:|} the solution,of a problem.+bbMost programmers use a flowchart,or a pseudocode to plan their,programs before writing them.:}}+mm,The way to organize data on a,diskette. Also the way to organ-,ize words after being processed.+RRAll new di:~}skettes must be format-,ted before using. This is done,using DOS.+mm,If the data which is entered into,the computer i:}s not valid--the,data received is not trustworthy.+66The letters stand for Garbage In--,Garbage Out.,+gg,Any no:}n-text design or graph or,picture or diagram that is,displayed on screen or paper.+jjThe Atari has excellent graphics,usin:}g special graphics characters,keys and player-missile graphics.+==Ġ,A printout; the paper output from,a printer.,:}+hhAlthough paper is not hard--this,information can be saved unlike,screen output which is soft copy.+ll,Any com:}puter equipment such as the,keyboard or screen or cassette,recorder or printer or etc.+VVThis is opposed to software which:},is the computer programs used on,the hardware.,cc,A number system with a base 16,using 16 symbols: 0 1 2 3 4 :}5 6 7,8 9 A B C D E F,``Assembly languages use "hex" which,is easily converted to binary,used in machine language.,]]:}ȭ̠,A programming language far remov-,ed from the internal characteris-,tics of the machine.$,[[Some com:}mon high-level languages,are BASIC Pascal LOGO PILOT,ADA COBOL RPG etc..,RR,To set up beginning data va:}lues,and clear memory area for use/,$$during execution of a program.8,llA complex program takes a while to,initialize and:} should let you know,with some message on the screen.B,XX,The information or data or program,that is loaded into the c:}omputer's,memoryL,IIAlso the process of putting,information into the computer's,memory.V,SS,A device that lets a:} computer work,with a peripheral; a place whereW,((data meets & acts with other data.`,bbThe Atari 850 interface allows a:},modem and/or a printer to be con-,nected with the computer.j,CC,Stands for 1000 times; used when,referring to memory size:}.,t,mmThe letter stands for kilo-. Ac-,tually a kilobit is 1024 bits and,16K is 16384 bytes of memory space.~,bb:},A large computer system that can,handle many jobs at once and at,very fast speeds.,TTThe Atari and other home computers,:}are not mainframe but are mini-,processors.,hh,A list of options available in a,computer program or a list of files,av:}ailable on a diskette.,ggGenerally the more complicated the,program the more menus you will,find to direct you through it.:},ii,A device which converts digital to/,from analog signals to relay data,across telephone lines.,GGThe terms come:} from a modem's true,name: MOdulator-DEModulator.,,;;,The screen on your computer. (Also,see CRT),,iiAfter sev:}eral minutes without a key,touched--the Atari changes colors,on the monitor to protect it.,__,A code meaning that the d:}ata sent or,ready to be sent to a device,has an error in it.,00The letters mean: Negative AcKnow-,ledge.,,bb,Sev:}eral computer systems connected,to a central computer & a central,supply of data.,ggAtaris are being networked in many,sch:}ools across the country to make,use of limited peripherals.,ffέůƭ,Describes whether or not a peripher-,al is :}currently connected to the,computer.-iiFor example a printer is off-line,when set to manually feed paper,instead of using :}program control. -__Ǡ,A collection of programs that allows,a computer to supervise fundamental -&&operatio:}ns like saving programs.-bbThe Atari operating system is con-,tained inside the computer on what,is called a ROM board.-:}PP,Information that is produced as a,result of processing input data.,(-<<Common output devices are the TV,screen or:} a printer.,2-kk,Extra equipment such as tape re-,corder or printers that are con-,nected to the computer.<-UU:}The Atari supports many peripher-,als including a touch tablet and,a light pen.F-ff,A small point of light on the,comp:}uter screen. Displays are,made by lighting these pointsP-jjThe Atari computer has different,graphics modes to light differ:}ent,amounts of pixels with a command.Z-gg,An output device that prints the,output on paper under the control,of a co:}mputer program.d-^^There are many kinds of printers,including dot-matrix; daisy-wheel;,thermal and ink jet.n-ii,A :}series of instructions which,directs the computer what to do,to produce a desired output.x-eePrograms may be very short or,:}very complicated. They may be,written in a variety of languages.-bb,A symbol or message from the com-,puter to indi:}cate when it is ready,to accept input.-iiA prompt should describe or limit,the input. An example would be:,Type your name:} and press RETURN.-XX,The computer's temporary memory,that can be written into and can,be read from.-eeThe letters s:}tand for Random,Access Memory. Data in RAM dis-,appears when power is turned off.-VV,The amount of detail in a :}dia-,gram or design on the computer,screen.-ddThe Atari has several different,modes of graphics--each with a,different deg:}ree of resolution.-UU,The computer's permanent memory,that can be read from but not,written into.-ccThe letters stan:}d for Read Only,Memory. Data in ROM does not,leave when power is turned off.-mm,Prewritten programs for a com-,pu:}ter; usually refers to programs,stored on devices like disks.-OOMany companies exist exclusiv-,ly to produce software for,:}home computers.-ggȠ,A device allowing the computer to,make sounds combined to form spo-,ken words.-kkS:}peech synthesizers are also avail-,able for the Atari in software,format rather than as peripherals.-kk,Any data mad:}e up of a series of,letters or numbers or symbols., ..llThe concept of a string is neces-,sar:}y to understand only if you are,intending to become a programmer..SS,A group of instructions which are,used a nu:}mber of times in a pro-.%%gram & can be called as needed..iiCommon subroutines may be ones to,alphabetize; play a song;:} print,instructions; draw some graphics..RR,The actual computer hardware which,consists of the CPU; operator con-.:}''sole; I/O devices; & peripherals.".llThe necessary system requirements,on the Atari are the keyboard and,a screen. Othe:}rs are peripherals.,.UUĠ,The ability of a computer to allow,the user to store or move or-.$$change words wi:}thout retyping.6.``This is the 2nd most common use of,a computer. The most common use,is in data processing.D:COMP:}DICT.BASyping.6.``This is the 2nd most common use of,a computer. The most common use,is in data processing.D:COMP8 --------Please note that you can find a BONUSprogram. Just go to DOS and hit [L](BINARY LOAD) to load "D:ATAR>}TRIS.COM".Dont forget that when in the main menuof the newsletter- just press the SPACEbar to run the BASIC program! ENJOY>}! Ye olde EDITORS =========sletter- just press the SPACEbar to run the BASIC program! ENJOY<<3 RA4 : IC1-4, DIP-4 A5 : DIP-5, IC1-5 A13 : DIP-6, IC1-6 RA5 : IC1-7, DIP-7 -E : DIP-15, IC1- }15 RA7 : IC2-9, DIP-9 RA6 : IC2-7, DIP-12 PB2 : U23-12, IC2-4 PB3 : U23-13, IC2-12 PB4 : U23-14 }, IC3-1 PB5 : U23-15, IC1-10 PB6 : U23-16, IC1-11 -Zd : IC1-9, IC3-14 -O1a : IC3-5, IC3-15, IC2-14 } -O2b : IC3-10, One side of resistor RA8 : Other side of resistor, Pin 1 of all RAMs If your U7 part number } is CO12296, do not connect signal A7 above, and make the following additional connections. The connection to U7 is to a } trace on the motherboard that runs from pin 8 of U7. Vcc : DIP-16, IC4-16, IC5-14, IC4-3 Vss : DIP-8, IC4-8, } IC4-2, IC4-15, IC5-7, IC5-2, IC5-12 A7 : DIP-11, IC4-6 -REF : U7-8, IC4-1 REF : IC4-4, IC5-1 A7' : }IC4-7, IC2-10, IC2-11 Q7 : IC5-8, IC4-5 Q3 : IC5-6, IC5-13JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ }JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJC4-7, IC2-10, IC2-11 Q7 : IC5-8, IC4-5 Q3 : IC5-6, IC5-13N) !"`3!3