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F0Ξ05: [ BDEHI%} VY8 B V  @  /DE `E:D1:DUP.SYSERROR-SAVING USER MEMORY ON DISKTYPE Y TO &}STILL RUN DOS B;DE J  (` 9 V⪍ ઍ  -'}LLu ÝDEHILV 9 .l 9 .l  `` s$B BH(}I|DE V BLV nB,DE JLV B V BLVDEIʩ BꭝLu } 3E:}DISK OPERATING SYSTEM II VERSION COPYRIGHT 1984 ATARI CORP.A. DISK DIRECTORY I. FORMAT DISKB. RUN CARTRIDG*}E J. DUPLICATE DISKC. COPY FILE K. BINARY SAVED. DELETE FILE(S) L. BINARY LOADE. RENAME FILE M. RUN AT ADDRES+}SF. LOCK FILE N. CREATE MEM.SAVG. UNLOCK FILE O. DUPLICATE FILEH. WRITE DOS FILES P. FORMAT SINGLEL !N',}#"&))9(&*)/h)''-&؆莟R'S  vL/ˢ L }Insert DOS 2.0s, type Y Λx -}DEfHI 1莏#q! @ y0ɛ8A0,' ȅ 1 1ild! 1L!NO SUCH ITEMSELECT.} ITEM OR FOR MENU! 0 .z:*{}.|{ 1 0 0JB 18L%|DL/}%DIRECTORY--SEARCH SPEC,LIST FILE?[# 0 0 &|D3" 1L!NOT A DISK FILEN !B 1L!E# 1 !BD0}ED:}:1BJ|DE 1DEBHI 1 h0ߢ 0.1}  0?詛 1 y0YЛ 1 ;#L" ;#L! BL1TYPE "Y" TO DELETE...DELETE FILE SPEC2}COPY--FROM, TO?OPTION NOT ALLOWED697 FREE SECTORS COPYING---D8:COPY32.COMl# 0|D .L/%#3}##JB|DE 1BHID#E 1#0: B 1L!#͑### B 1#c$0SY4}S1}:## # # .#Ƚ# # 𩛙## 1,#PD#ELJ- <.BJD#E 5}1 1HH 0hh|DL%1}:̳# L% #D#EL% 1 0 . .0O% 1L!WILD CARDS NOT A6}LLOWED IN DESTINATION 0 <.|K}N 2 FORMAT. t* 5) 1L!`) 0NΞ 0 L1) 1 L!BAD LOAD FILELOAD FROM WHAT FILE?) 0 ?}0#B 1L!WHAT FILE TO LOCK?) 0 0$B 1L!WHAT FILE TO UNLOCK?DUP DISK-SOURCE,DEST DRIVES?TYPE "Y" IF OK TO US@}E PROGRAM AREACAUTION: A "Y" INVALIDATES MEM.SAV.FE! +L1   `*  70 2 2A} 0.* 1 y0 0)INSERT BOTH DISKS, TYPE RETURN^, 1 y038逍 N, 1L! ,B}C, t*  Lx+, 0 ^, 1 y0 , ,0,0 ,L+ ,I0 ,Vǭ0C}Ξ, 0 }, 1 y0C,ШC, 0K'!" H H 'h h Lx+!EF 5L1L!D,I,HhD}` NOT ENOUGH ROOMINSERT SOURCE DISK,TYPE RETURNINSERT DESTINATION DISK,TYPE RETURNE}`  `8 rL1`-* 1P* 1 y0Y`hhL!NAME OF FILE TO MOVE?- 0 0|DL% <.F},^ 1 70 0 .@L# .BJ 1  DEHIB V L1 ,} 1 70,L.  G}JB|,#P#DE 1 HI BDEHHII 1 B 1 ,^ 1 70,0La- B V,#PH},^ 1 70 0L#L!-* 1P* 1 y0Yj383}mm ݭI}}`8}``|* ? ɛ,`|:-)| / 1L!`DESTINATION CANT BE DOJ}S.SYS0 0H{ 24Δ 28/L!/) 2 Π 2 0 ξK}hAΞB,0 J 1 BDEHI,HÝDE 1HIHIDELSAVE-GIVE L}FILE,START,END(,INIT,RUN)O S0 1`BDEPHI V` S0H 1 L!M}0 0 1L~0`PLEASE TYPE 1 LETTER,0`hhL! 70 1L0L<1 ,;ɛ7,"ɛ:ݦ1ݥN}A"D|ݤD|ȩ:|ȩ|ɛ,,(/+.ީ1 1,ɛ`轤{NAMEO} TOO LONG B VL!` L1I H1EΝDL1|mDiE` V0`8d/8 i:222 1 LP}!ERROR- 173ɛ+,' 20*.. өr2 1``2TOO MANY DIGITSINVALID HEXAQ}DECIMAL PARAMETER800 0 8 00`,0'D800 H,ɛh`2L1NEED D1 THRU D8uR} ECIMAL PARAMETER800 0 8 00`,0'D800 H,ɛh`2L1NEED D1 THRU D8u<=<=<=<=<=<=<=<=<=<=<=<=<=<=<=<=<=This article deals with various diskprotection techniques. Note: this isnot a beT}ginners article. Taken fromthe Unix newsnet. Transferred by MikeBlenkiron. Tidied by Dean Garraghty(ENGLAND??),(in thU}e early hours of themorning!)-----------------------------------simonh@hpopd.pwd.hp.com (Simon Hunt)writes:>"Over thV}e last few evenings, I havebeen trying to discover how the copy>protection works on one of thedisk-based games IW} have. The gameloads itself>in several stages, to display a titlescreen whilst the rest of the program>loads...">>HEX} CONTINUES:>"Does anyone know how the disk wasmanufactured such that reading thesame>sector gave TWO differeY}nt, butCONSISTANT, sets of data?>>Any ideas?"The various protection schemes used onthe disk based Atari 800 seZ}riescomputers are fascinating, and someare very clever. Quite a number ofthem used custom disk formats, whichan [} unmodifed 810/1050 would be unableto produce. The custom disk formatallowed: bad sectors; sectors with CRCerrors; u\}nformatted tracks; trackswith extra sectors; sectors too long;sectors too short; and tracks withduplicate sectors]} (amongst othertechniques).Gosh I am remembering more and more ofthese techniques all the time. Somecustom forma^}ts had 20+ sectors pertrack.This is actually not too difficult, solong as you have low level access tothe floppy _} disk controller IC,something which was impossible withthe "intellegent" Atari drives. Youcan in effect progra`}m the floppy diskcontroller (FDC) to put any dataformat on any track that you wish,with the right computer systea}m.Now each sector on a particular trackis preceded by a short header, whichcontains (if my memory is correct),the b} track number, and sector number,plus a couple of other things (?) anda CRC. The floppy disk controller maybe able toc} check the track numberagainst the track which it believes itis on (a flag will be set in thestatus register ifd} this is not thecase). If a certain sector number hasbeen requested, then as soon as thissector number is seen in e}the sectorheader, the FDC will start to read thedata portion. Now it is not toodifficult to lay down a track in whif}ch*all* sectors are numbered 1 (forexample) and each have different data.In this case the data read will be ineffecg}t random, and depends on therotational position of the disk whenthe read request was issued. The FDCwill read th}he first sector with amatching header.On your disk, I suspect that there aretwo sectors with the same sectornumi}ber, and the rest may well benormal. They will probably be arrangedto be directly opposite each other onthe disk (j}180 degrees apart). Now thetrick is all to do with timing. Send aread command to the 810/1050. One ofthe 2 sectors willk} be read, which oneis random. With either no delay, or a*calculated* delay do another read.The disk will have rotal}ted by somepart of a revolution past the 1stduplicate sector, so that the nextread will catch the 2nd duplicate. m}Thetrick to recreate this yourself is toocode up two reads in assembler back toback, and check the result. Run theassen}mbly code using your debugger,rather than using the debugger to readthe sector twice. In the assemblycode, thereo} is a fixed delay betweenboth reads. If you are using adebugger, there is a random delaybetween subsequent p} reads, hence thesector read is random.This is very clever. Using the XORmeans that it doesn't matter which ofthe q} two sectors gets read first. Ifyou copy the disk using a straightforward sector copier when it come tothe track r}in question, you will readone of the two duplicate sectors, andit will be written onto the singlesector on the destins}ation disk. As yousay this new disk will read the sametwice, and the program would crashwhen executing the unmangt}led code.Some years ago when I has an 8 bitAtari, I bought a booklet whichdescribed these techniques, from u}anadvertiser in Antic (or Analog), andit came with a specially formatteddisk to play with, using some of theirsupplv}ied programs (this sounds likeAtari Protection techniques, availablefrom Gralin International, Ed.). Itreally is a vw}ery interesting subject!A UK software house (Red RatSoftware), used an interestingtechnique. They burx}nt a hole in thedisk using a laser (apparently). Thesector never read the same twice. Acopy would always read the say}me twice.A friend of mine (who had bought anoriginal incidently), experimentedwith adding a hole using a pin. I az}mnot sure of its success.The well known "Happy Mod" allowed theAtari computer, low level access tothe FDC, and so {}could read, analysethen format these custom formats. Ifirst saw a similar mod called "thechip" for an 810. Using t|}he suppliedsoftware, it was fascinating to seethe 810 analyse the disk format anddisplay it on the screen. Duplic}}atesectors were very easy to spot.I believe that one of the commands the810 supported was to return the statusfrom the ~}FDC after a read or write.The value passed back came in part(or all?) from the FDC (an 1771 chip)status register. }The register knewabout CRC errors, data overflow, etc ,which is why some of the techniquesmentioned above were popu}lar, as the810 could detect these speciallycreated disk faults. A diskformatted/copied on the 810 would} befault free. When the 1050 drive firstcame out, a number of software titleswouldn't load, as the softwarebeli}eved itself to be copied, althoughthey were originals. This was becausethe 1050 used a different and newerFDC (a W}estern Digital 2797 orsimilar), one which could supportdouble density. The 1050 statuscommand returned s}imilar informationto the 810 including a copy of the FDCstatus register. As the statusregisters of the 1771 an}d 2797 aredifferent with different meanings toeach bit, of course software whichrelied on the 1771 status regist}erbits been set according to these diskfaults, got confused, as the new FDCreturned slightly different statusresul}ts.On a different note, Atari used boththe 2797 and 2793(?) FDC's which arevirtually identical in the 1050. Ibou}ght a very early Happy mod (fromB&C Computervisions? in Santa Clara),which didn't work in my 1050 drive,which I h}ad brough over from the UK.This was due to the switch in FDC(97->93 or vica versa) used by Atariin the 1050. The} original Happy ROMcode, which replaced the Atari 1050ROM, was written with a particular FDCin mind. I discovered} this bydisassembling the Happy ROM code. Itwas quite a lot of hassle to get themto fix it.Ah, those were the days}.....Article by: Gary Morton. (REPRINTEDWITH THANKS!!) =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=Ah, those were the dayse =>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=>=> STAR NX10/NX1000 Files by JOHN McGOWANStarNX10/1000 files named in } thisarticle, are in the OL' HACKERS A.U.G.library, as one of 2 disks sent to usby the JOHN McGOWAN. Thanks JOHN!STARMAC }.ARC: a collection of utilitiesfor TextPro and the StarNX10.DD2NX10.ARC: contains a programme toconvert DaisyDot2 fonts t }o RAM basedNLQ fonts for the StarNX10 printer andincludes about two single sided sidesof preconverted fonts.DD2NX103.ARC }: contains a programme toconvert DD2 fonts to RAM based NLQfonts for the StarNX1000 and a utilityto convert the NX10 fonts } over as well.As the NX10 fonts are included here,converted fonts for the NX1000 are NOTincluded and you will have to conv }ertthe fonts from DD2NX10 in order toobtain fonts for the NX1000.NOTE: The resulting fonts can be usedby any computer us }er with either of theabove two printers. ^\^\^\^\^\^\^\^\^\^\^\^\^\^\^\^\^\^sulting fonts can be usedby any computer us Qef&NAMEADDRESSCITYSTATECOUNTRYZIPPHONEINLINELINE2LINE1LINE3LINE4LINE5LINE6NDATEDh}( ( @H EEE DE 9E9EEE}YBrAjjSAVE "D:OHORDERF.ORM" -ԠŠӠ}Ӯ by ALEX PIGNATO 8/22/91m +AR@1A @CA@m6-F:A`,%AV}$F:Aa,%@g&@@q+%@@?%@ @S%@!@g%@"@}E%@#@e.%@$F:A`,E%@%F:Aa,O-@ .(ORDEROPOSITIO}N 24,18:? "USER PROMPT"g-@@:( FOR THE OL HACKERS P.D. LIBRARY!gPOSITION 5,6:? "DISPLAY LIST CAN GIVE YOU}"ccPOSITION 5,8:? "SEVERAL TEXT SIZES, AS WELL":POSITION 5,10:? "AS DIFFERENT BACKGROUND COLORS"``POSITION 5,12:? "(W}ITHOUT RESORTING TO TRICKY":POSITION 5,14:? "DISPLAY LIST INTERRUPTS)."-@A  ŠҠ͠}ҠZ7 B B7@@K:_GG;@i,;@i,;@i,;@i,;@i,;@},do];@0,;@@,;@0,;@ ,;@ ,;@,;@ ,;@@,oAR@x]A}A0(?("}the order form generator]( "[( (2($}ŠŠŠҠҠ[($ӠŠĠ٠K( (,( Ӡ٠٠ϠΠ>A}dAUK)@TAR(}-( Ҡź14(P(ҠԠӺT6(( }Ҡٺ(2(Ҡź6 ((ҠРź $( (ҠŠҺ$P (}+}-0@G0@@@J(M(P(!( ҠӠź!B(1(%HOW MANY OL'H. DISK}S ARE YOU ORDERING5BĠš# (} (((((#(//(GENERATE ORDER FORM FOR  DISKS:,T}AR@(*-@@T(%GENERATINGҠ͠6A-@@A('Ӡ٠٠Ϡ}þϠ;"AdAU")@@"@'%J3>:@',>:@i,O''3 OL' HACKERS P.D. }ORDER FORMT993/ DATE: :3 3333:3 ORDER #______}&3&3HOW MANY DISKS ORDERED? 66LPRINT :LPRINT "YOU HAVE ORDERED ";ND;" DISKS!"+3+3 SAVE! BUY ANY 3 DISKS} FOR $6.003 3-@'-@$@"3$2.50'ě 3 3   3W+67@<@,.BUY} 3 FOR $6.00 K67@H<@U,.SUBTOTALO3WěTTLINE4$(1,15)="BUY 3 FOR $6. ":LINE4$(48,75)="SUBTOTAL":LPRINT }LINE4$:REM ě 3 ^.67@<@",.OL'H. c/o H. PEGLERZ67@6<@U,.MAIL & HANDLING CHG.^34/+67}@<@,.129 KETCHAMS Rd./3H\067@<@#,.SYOSSET, N.Y. 11791 \67@6<@U,.**************}******R&"67@Y<@e,. &3\c-67@<@,. _67@0<@U,. } c3ad567@0<@U,. TOTAL OF ORDERd67@<@#,. f 3} 3 " 33 &-@A &%D:MENU'LL0,PRICE.*OL'H. CAT.#* DESCRIPTION * QUANTITY * T}OTAL EACH'MM0,MEMO: *-----------*-------------------------*-----------*------------$'AA0, * * } * *.'AA0, *8'MM0, } *------------t' B%D:OHORDERF.ORMRbc NAMEADDRESSCITYSTATECOUNTRYZIPPHONEINLINELINE2LINE1LINE3LINE4LINE5LINE6NDATEh}( ( @p EEE DE 9E9EEE}YSAVE "D:OHORDRBL.ANK PPŠҠ͠Ҡ ҠŞ̌Ӡ٠}ؠϠZ7 B B7@@K:_GG;@i,;@i,;@i,;@i,};@i,;@,do];@0,;@@,;@0,;@ ,;@ ,;@,;@ ,;@@,oAR}@x[AA0(=( } ŠҠ͠Ҡ[( "}[( (2($ŠŠŠҠҠ[($ӠŠĠ٠K( (,( Ӡ٠٠}Π>AdAUK)@3>:@',>:@i,''3 OL' HACKERS P.D. ORDER FORM>3>3/ } DATE: P 3NAME:3ADDRESS:$3CITY:/3STATE:83ZIP:E3COUNTRY:P3PHONE:3}33+ ORDER #____&3&3HOW MANY DISKS ORDERED?___+3+3 SAVE! BUY ANY 3 DISKS FOR $6}.00R3 3-@@RŠŠΠҠϠŠŠҠӠӡ-@$@"3$2.50 3 }3   3W+67@<@,.BUY 3 FOR $6.00 K67@H<@U,.SUBTOTALO3Wě 3 ^.67@<@}",.OL'H. c/o H. PEGLERZ67@6<@U,.MAIL & HANDLING CHG.^3!]]LINE4$(1,22)="OL'HACKERS c/o PEGLER":LINE4$}(36,55)="MAIL & HANDLING CHG.":LPRINT LINE4$4/+67@<@,.129 KETCHAMS Rd./3H\067@<@#,.SYOSSET}, N.Y. 11791 \67@6<@U,.********************R&"67@Y<@e,. &3\c-67@<@,. } _67@0<@U,. c3ad567@0<@U,. TOTAL OF ORDERd}67@<@#,. f 3 3 " 33 &-@A &%D:MENU'LL0,PRICE.*}OL'H. CAT.#* DESCRIPTION * QUANTITY * TOTAL EACH'MM0,MEMO: *-----------*-------------------------*-----------}*------------$'AA0, * * * *.'AA0, } *8'MM0, *------------t' B%D:OHOR}DRBL.ANK *x*x*x*x*x*x*x*x*x*x*x*x*x*x*x*x*x* HOW TO GO OFF-HOOK & ON-LINE WITHOUT SINKING! PART V By Alan Sharkis, memb}er OL'HACKERS A.U.G., NY I am going to discuss telecommunications software today. I'll limit it to terminal progr}ams (the ones the callers use; not the ones the host computer uses.) If I can be permitted one tongue-in-cheek comment, }here it is: There is only one telecommunications program for the Atari (I woudn't go that far! EDITOR) 8-bit t}oday, and that is BobTerm 1.2x." (I must admit it is good, but other terminal programs may have as many features, so use w}hat suits you but GET ON LINE! EDITOR) Obviously, there are many more Atari terminal programs around than that, but I've} just let you in on my favorite. I'll use it (over the protests of those who are fans of other programs) to illustrate wh}at a communications (or terminal) program does. Let's assume that you already have the necessary hardware; modem, phone }line, interface if neeeded and cables. Your modem may have come with a very simple type-in program to allow you to call a} number and connect with it. If that's all you want to do, fine. You won't be happy that way for long. Sometimes full-} featured terminal programs are included with modems, but they will run on an MS-DOS machine, or a Mac, or an Apple II, no}t an Atari. So, where are you supposed to get a program? Well, since most are shareware, your club library is a great p}lace to get started (HINT, HINT!) and it will only cost you a contribution. I must urge you to try several, and send the }author of the one you will use a contribution ASAP. That way the author will be encouraged to keep supporting and improv}ing his work. Now, suppose you have a copy of the latest version of BobTerm. The last officially released version is 1.2}1. There is a 1.22 which fixes a few minor bugs that some (not all) users experience, but it is not an official release.} Just what does this, or any terminal program, do for you? In brief, it sets up an interface between you and the teleco}mmunications process which, if you've been reading my articles until now, can be very technical and very complex. The ter}minal program and the BBS program at the other end make you feel as though you are controlling and using the host compute}r at the other end; as if it were yours for the time you're connected; as if your computer is just an extension of that bi}g computer at the other end. The host computer could be another 8-bit Atari like yours, or some other PC, or even a main}frame; it doesn't matter. Your terminal program must work with your Atari and the DOS it has loaded to control portions o}f the Atari's memory, its drives, it's connection to the modem, and to control the modem itself and the data-transfer pro}cess. Doing all that automatically, TRANSPARENTLY as far as you're concerned, is a tribute to the people who write and be}ta-test these programs. Let's take a look at BobTerm with the idea that most of what I say for it is true of other progr}ams (I just feel that BobTerm does it better in my system). BobTerm needs an Atari 8-bit with 48K of memory to run. That} shouldn't be a problem for anyone in this club. It will run with many of the DOSs available for the Atari 8-bit, but I }find that it is especially good with my SDX cartridge. Some terminal programs do better with one DOS or another. That ma}y influence your decision about which one to choose. If you use an RS-232 interface (such as a P: R: or an 850), two seri}al ports are supported. Because of that, I have configured BobTerm differently on two separate disks. I have one set fo}r 2400 baud (the speed of my modem) and R1: (which goes to my modem). The other disk has it configured for R2: which is at}tached to a null-modem cable that is connected to my MS-DOS machine so they can transfer files to each other. This disk }has BobTerm set at 9600 baud, the fastest rate that the P: R: connection will pass. If I had an MIO or a Black Box, I cou}ld go to twice that! The flexibility allows me to keep all cables connected and all I need to do is select the version I} need at the moment and boot it. It is most convenient for your terminal program to come in the form of a boot disk. Us}ually they don't, because you have to decide on which DOS you like, which handlers you need, and which, if any, extra mod}ules you need to load with the terminal program to add additional features. Handlers are short machine-language programs }that prepare the serial ports and modems for operation. The terminal program must work with a variety of handlers, since} different direct-connect modems and interfaces require different handlers. What's more, some direct- connect modems and }interfaces have this program stored in their rom chips and they must load automatically at the right time and into the ri}ght memory space. The terminal program must be "smart" enough to allow for this. BobTerm does all of this automatically }for many combinations, but must be "told" how to do it for some of them the first time you use it. After that, it's all }automatic and requires no help from you unless you change equipment. Other terminal programs do the same thing. Be prepa}red to do a little work the first time you run the program. I know of one program that runs in BASIC (Amodem), but all o}thers are machine language and require that BASIC is disabled and no other language cartridges are present. Most program}s will automatically disable BASIC as they load. There are several parameters that have to be set up before you can comm}unicate successfully. There is, in any program that I have used, a way to do this globally, but to override some of those} settings for specific boards that you might call when this is necessary. BobTerm allows you to set some of these global}ly from a menu, but then change them automatically when dialing a specific board from a dialing list. That way, should yo}u choose to dial manually, the global default is in effect. Speaking o menus, BobTerm calls the first menu you see a "hel}p" menu. Commands are somewhat mnemonic; the letter you press is the first letter of the function you are selecting in m}any cases. You will want to contact a variety of systems. If they are running on an Atari 8-bit, you might want to selec}t the ATASCII translation. That way, you can view ATASCII graphics and cartoons on line, and make it easy to transfer te}xt files that have been prepared with an Atari 8-bit. More universal, however, is the ASCII translation. Both of these }translations are built into all of the terminal programs I have seen. BobTerm, and others, also offer VT-52 and DEC VT-52}0. Parity refers to a way that each byte of data is checked for accuracy of transmission. It can be Mark, Space, Even, O}dd, or None. The setting of 8 data bits, no paraity, one stop bit (8N1) is most common, but some services and boards use} 7 data bits, even parity and one stop bit (7E1). You may have to experiment a bit for each board you call, but start wit}h 8N1. BobTerm automatically sets the correct parity when a specific translation is selected. The baud rate is usually }selected globally but can be set for specific boards that you call from the dialing list. If you set it globally to the }highest baud setting your modem can handle, and the other computer runs at a lower baud setting, your modem should adjust }to the lower rate upon connection. Sometimes this doesn't happen, so you have the flexibility of the dialing list setting}s. When you select full duplex, everything you type first is sent to the host computer and then echoed back to appear o}n your screen. That's the most usual way to set duplex. However, some systems may want you to use half-duplex. If noth }ing appears on your screen as you type while connected, change to half- duplex. If you are in half-duplex and everything  }you type becomes ddoouubblleedd, switch to full-duplex to cure it. Some terminal programs contain other variations of the }se modes, but they are seldom used in communicating with a BBS or an information system. A good terminal program also al }lows you to choose to instruct your modem to usepulse or touchtone dialing. If you have touchtone in your home, and your } modem can use it, by all means use it, since it is faster and more feature-laden. Curiously enough, Bobterm selects this} feature not from its "help" menu, but from its dialing menu. You should be able to get your dialing menu from the main }menu, and BobTerm's "Help" menu serves as a main menu. You should also be able to get the modem to "originate" a call to} a user who is using a terminal, not a BBS program and to "autoanswer" a call from such a user. It is also convenient to }have a simple way of "hanging up" on the call without resorting to special codes typed in on the terminal screen. Most t}erminal programs can do all of the above. A dialing menu of some type really automates the calling process. Names and n}umbers of the various systems you will call frequently are entered into a list, along with baud, parity, and other setting}s. You can also tack on special "macros" (key combinations to send) with most terminal programs. When the list is compl}eted and saved, it will automatically load in with the program the next time it is used. You should be able to save sever}al lists, although only one default list will automatically load with the program. The menu will allow you to edit, add,} delete, or simply view an entry and save the revised list under the same or a different filename. It should allow you to} "tag" one or more entries and upon another keystroke, dial them in order until one answers. At the end of that call, the} tag will be removed and you can then start the autodialing process again. The menu should also allow you to dial a numb}er manually. This is important if you want to "try" a BBS, but don't want to add it to your list until you have decided i}f you like it. By the way, all lists have a fixed capacity for numbers. That's where the ability to load in a second, th}ird, etc., list comes in handy. It may be important to get a permanent record of a "conversation" you had on line, or of} a text file that you are reading on-line. To that end, most terminal programs include a facility called a "Capture Buff}er". From the moment that you turn this feature on until it fills up, all of what you and the host computer transmit is s}aved in a slice of your computer's memory. You then have the choice of dumping it to a disk, or discarding it. Some pro }grams allow you to dump it to a printer. Be warned, however, that this buffer is lost when you turn off the computer, and!} that you may need to fill it again before it is saved if you need to capture from another call. I have seen many program"}s for other computers that also have a "scrollback" buffer. This second buffer echoes the first, and allows you to scrol#}l backwards, for as much memory as it will hold, through your entire session. Of all the features that other machines off$}er in their various terminal programs, this is the one that I miss on the Atari because, to my knowledge, it is not prese%}nt in any Atari terminal program. A terminal program should be able to take you back to DOS and in again without losing &}your call. Some DOS commands should be possible from within the terminal program. Disk directories certainly come to min'}d here. The program should also allow you to set it for such things as screen color, special windows, joystick control (}of some functions, and be able to accept some "hot-key" commands defined by the user. File transfer is the next item that)} should be considered. When you receive a file from a host computer, you are downloading. When you send a file to a hos*}t computer, you are uploading. Like the capture buffer process described above, your computer can take a file that is tr+}ansmitted and save it to disk. However, with a file receive, this buffer should empty itself to disk and refill without l,}osing a single byte. The file send-receive buffer will be smaller than the capture buffer, but if it has a variable size-} that you can select, try to make it big enough to cut down on disk drive starts and stops but not big enough to interfere.} with memory needed for other program functions. If the size of the buffer automatically adjusts to other memory usage, t/}he compromise is usually a good one and you won't have to do a thing with it. Files are sent and received using a number0} of protocols. The first one, in all of its variations, is termed "ASCII". It provides no error checking. The pacing of1} transmission is variable, and must be set according to the needs of your system and the host's system. I don't like it, 2}and will not suggest that you do more than try it once to see how it works. XMODEM, or Christiansen, is a protocol that 3}sends a file in blocks of 128 bytes, followed by a checksum. If the checksum received matches the one calculated by your 4}computer from the data in the block, it is assumed that the block was transmitted and received without error, and the next5} block is sent. If not, the block is retransmitted a number of times before the program aborts the transmission. Teleph6}one line noise can actually interfere with the accuracy of transmission, so this scheme was very welcome when it first ap7}peared. It has been improved in CRC XMODEM, which brings in a more elaborate checking system. 1K-XMODEM introduces 1024-8}byte blocks for faster throughput, and should be used unless there is considerable line noise. If you encounter a series 9}of "bad blocks" when using this protocol, try the transfer again with CRC-XMODEM. Then there's YMODEM, which can be very:} handy, if both your program and the host computer's program support it. This protocol allows you or the host to send se;}veral files with no intervention by you between files. The actual arrangement varies with each caller- host system, so I <}won't go into detail about it here. To be sure, there are other protocols for other machines that have decided advantages=} over these. Some day they might be supported for Atari 8-bits as well, but until they are, understand that what we have}%%XFXMXHXMXSYFYMYHYMYSYDALRMHALSTMWSHFCCPIOVERJIB1B1B2IIXYEXEYPXPYPX1PY1?}PX2PY2WIBBCA@@p@@@@r@V@r @r @4 AE @@} @aCY A`@@WBg@Sv8v?Atc@@6@aA}A@ @A! A"V A# A$ A%. A&v A' A( )A1A*N A+ B},@-.@E/@60BsD1Bw2BwSAVE "D:CLOCKCHM.BAS**ǠǮǠŠ C}$$Press space bar to set alarms.M +'0@9-@@M(!?6-AD}6-@'6-@p36-@?6-@(c6-@6-@r'6-@V36-@r?6-@rK6-@4WE}6-AEc6-2NF:&@,@*-%@6: N&@@<1;@,;@F},;@,;@,M6-@`$@$A6Y6-A`e6-@q6-@W{ Ap+0@G}F.@.@@K:KL3>:@',>:@i,LԠҠŠŠɱؠH}ҡMv( (,( ĠˠȠӡ/(s(?To Ӡ hit and hold Šҡv(I}PC'(Is the clock already set? (Y/N)C((Or press H for HELP.)Z0)@"@& A0 A`d#"@rJ} A`# @n@x@x (N) A@() Is it (A)M or (P)M?/)@"@eK}%6.AM/ Ap""@6.PM" Ap A@ (>:,) A%  What is the hour)) AL}%  How many minutes)) A%  How many seconds)  AB'6-@`$+%@`$M}%A6$,:@*4PMB6-%"@*4AM6-%E6-P:'BU6,$6-&BU6$56-P:'AV,E6N}-&AV$i@ !@-@9@ iPOKE 20,0 INSURES NO TURNOVERS WHILE SETTING.^:6-O}+F:@,$BU6%F:@,$AV%F:@ ,,F!C9T6-&C@^ A@6-P:'@`,W6-'A6$P}6-&A6$P:,26-'@`E6-&@`$P:,N6-P:,W6-P:,"36-'@&#6-'@ T&36-'@ T&,*Q}F:@w,!A"*@wA"6000@@@&F:@w,'@@ A` DRAW CLOCK FRAMEJQ ,R}=/%?p$$E:&?,%?p$$G:&?,Q/%$E:,%$G:,T=7/%?p$$E:%?,%?p$$G:%?S},=/^i,%@M/@%%?p$$E:&?,%?p$$G:&?,i/@%%$E:,%$G:,hM?/@T}%%?p$$E:%?,%?p$$G:%?,M/@%rQ ,=/%?p$$E:&?,%?p$$G:&?U},Q/%$E:,%$G:,|=7/%?p$$E:%?,%?p$$G:%?,=/i,%@M/@%%?p$$E:V}&?,%?p$$G:&?,i/@%%$E:,%$G:,M?/@%%?p$$E:%?,%?p$$G:%?,W}M/@%EEPLOT CX,CY:DRAWTO CX+XSE*COS(S),CY+YSE*SIN(S) :REM TOO SLOW!!!77PLOT CX+1,CY:DRAWTO 1+CX+XSE*COS(S),X}CY+YSE*SIN(S) A@"F:Ad,"@3" A @2F:Ad,"@("+, A/2AdY}AU6-?:A6,#"*"# A`"@6-#"@0*"# AZ}"@16-6-C/"F:%@$,*"F:%@$%@,9 AC A`%6-%@%[} @A0& A`03-@#,8,8,//8,8,3 :C-@+,8,%@8,\}?/8,%@8,C DC-@+,8,%@8,?/8,%@8,C N?,8@,8@,/-]}@;/8,8,? XO#,8@,%@8@,7-@K/8,%@8,O bO#,8@,%^}@8@,7-@K/8,%@8,O lO#,8@,%@8@,7-@K/8,%_}@8,O vO#,8@,%@8@,7-@K/8,%@8,O ?,8@,8@,/`}-@;/8,8,? E-@%-@1,8,8,=/8,8,A E $s9@,a}9@,9@,9@,9@,9@,9@,9@,9@,9@,6-S-b}@'?R6968,-E:,$+&@,%S68,-E:,$+%@,%768,-G:,$+&@,%768,-G:,$+%@,%c}368,-E:,$$@%368,-G:,$$@%568,-E:,$%#68,-G:,$%16-%@5 [-@d}768,-E:$@r,$'@%W68,-G:$@r,$'@%[ "F:A@,@" B$ ROUTINE TO De}O HOURLY CHIME6-@ AP'-@C-@@@_2A@{2@@Pf}@2@A@ x -@6?0<2A@X2@@P@g}t2@A@x  -@A  $ ##ROUTINE TO DO HALF HOUR CHIME*j6-@q}Â?B%DOS SYSB*)DUP SYSB:SCPROTE TXTBDSTAR TXTBOHORDERNAMEBOHORDRBLANKByBHOOKLNETXTBL>CLOCKCHMBASBMAINMENUHLPBAUTORUN SYSBFXF551 TXTCNEWSLTR BASB9NEWSLTR BASBlGSIOPC TXTBAUTORUN COMBWELCOME SCRBHELP DOCBETIPS TXTB'HKEYBD TXTBPRESSPRTMNUCOHAUG  AP6-@@6@J-@b2A%@f j 4l -@6@r}4-@L2A%@P d-@@%h l >$H``ROUTINE USED BY HOURLY/HALF HOUR CHIMEs} FOR BOOKEEPING AND TO SILENCE CHIMES AT LATE NIGHT.R@ @)!@"'$@QUIET MODE FROM 11PM TO 7:59AM\# 6-t}!@#6-&@f$pALARM SOUND ROUTINEzMAdAU!6-@0;0@@M@wu}-@@#3-AU@O2@@k2@@@y6-%@v}!AU6- F:Ad,"AU  \AdAU72Y2@w}\$XXROUTINE TO SET ALARMS. NOTE ALARMS ARE SET IN MEMORY SO ARE NOT LOST BETWEEN RUNSc +x}'0@;-@ P(>:@e%,] c6-F:%@$,/"!( No alarm set.%y} / A p<6-F:%@%@$,( A@8(: < =((Press: X to exit or=( A-J to set z}an alarm))@"@& A)$!! @e)!@tA 26-&@e2F:%@$,"{}A08(8(>:%A,ݠ> K6-F:%@$,16-F:%@%@$,; A@K(|}: h( (?( Set [>:%@e,] for what hourd( (0 to unset alarm)h)"}}%@$) A @D((How many minutes after the hour,D%@$%@$))  ~} (A)M or (P)M?./)@"@e%6.AM/ A8""@6.PM" AB ApL$ @}*4PM$6-%@V$"@*4AM$6-%@`%@$ A @j<<TO CONVERT C(HR) AND D(MIN) TO P}RINTABLE FORMS C;M$;T$t+ 6.PM" @)"@$+6.AM~!@6-&@3 @6.0)67@},.=:,3 A 6.=:,$GGROUTINE TO SHOW CURRENT TIME VAUES. USEFUL FOR TIMING SOMETHING.k86-F:@},$BU6%F:@,$AV%F:@ ,I( JIFFIES = Z6-P:'@`,k( SECONDS = q6-P:'A6,$6-&A6}$56-P:'@`,E6-&@`$O A@q( TIME IS> :: $$$PRINT TIME IN DIGITAL FORM TOO}6-@6= )-%%@%%@1,&9/%= = @)-%%%@@1,&9/}%= ;-@#,&%%7/&%%%@; ;-@#,%%%7/%%%%@; } H 6-6- A@"6.=:,. @66. H67@,.=:,467@,.:#67@,.467@,. }767@,."6-%%@*6-&4 A07$($$WRITE STRING W$ AT X,Y IN GR.82U>6-@@$%F:@,%F:@},$AV%P:+,'@,U6-AV$F:AV,<<-@B:,"6-@:7<,,. @<6-&@2FG6-%$@}#-%@<%%@@$+&,F:,@ D G$PA +'0@A0@@Z}--(%נϠŠŠǠˠd((nRR(JSince this clock works off an internalclock, yo}u will only have to set thexM(( time every time you power up theM( computer. To set the clock justQ)(!answer the qu}estions. To set theQ(#clock accurately, enter the seconds**("question just as that time passes.((}JJ(BYou can set up to 10 alarms. To set alarms, press the space-bar. ( ())(!To qui}t the clock just press ESC. ( ( $N +@$'0@@A0@@K@N$0u2 #B}!-A6A'%"+/ 2$:uee160,0,24,173,48,2,105,5,133,203,173,49,2,105,0,133,204,165,203,105,96,133,205},165,204,105,0,133Ducc206,173,49,2,56,233,31,141,230,2,165,89,209,203,208,7,173,230,2,133,89,208,13,170,177,203,133Nubb89},138,145,203,24,105,15,145,205,165,89,141,80,6,165,88,141,79,6,169,0,162,30,153,80,127,200Xu))208,250,238,80,6,202,208,244,}104,96D2:CLOCKCHM.BAS,165,89,141,80,6,165,88,141,79,6,169,0,162,30,153,80,127,200Xu))208,250,238,80,6,202,208,244,짠򠠠!}Πռ Š۱ Exit To Basic ۲ E!}xit To Dos۳ Printer Config ۴ News/PrinterHelp짠!}ԠŠ<Š>ϠΠà͛ PRINT ALL FILES SIO2PC Interfac!}e MODEM>Hook/Line Keyboard Info. Protection *** NOTE: ****** STAR NX10/1000 GO TO BASIC TO !} Lil Tips 4 U ! PRINT OL' H P.D. 3 1/2 Dr. XF551 ORDER BLANKS! IOPC-Nu v are really the most commonly-used protocols for any machine. Also, understand that unless a protocol is machine-specific}N) !"`3!3. Go to DOS, and rename thefile (only the first file will berenamed). Go back to BAE}SIC and typePOKE 3118,184 . You shouldnow be able to access both disk fileson your original disk.Want to disablE}e the key inyour programs?Insert the following after everyGRAPHICS command: POKE 16,64:POKE53774,112. Remember, E}once is notenough with this one. You'vegot to keep disabling the keyafter each of the commands listedabove.WanE}t to disable the entire keyboard?POKE 16,255 will do that for you.Want to create a run-only file?Give this one a try: 327E}67 POKEPEEK(138)+256*PEEK(139)+2,0:SAVE"D:FILENAME.EXT":NEW. Insert thisline into your program (make sure yousave a normE}al version of the programfirst), and then type GOTO 32767. The resulting file can berun normally, but not listed.E}Need a random number between 0 and 255?Sneak a PEEK at memory location 53770.Want to create a MEMSAVE file fromBASIC soE} you don't lose your programwhen you go to DOS?All you need to do is type A=USR(5947) . (Owners of XL/XE series cE}omputers willneed to hit after the diskstops spinning.) <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>ies cDx =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+This article has been taken from Z*MAG Atari on-line newsletter. It is a good article oI}n fixing keyboards. File transferred by Mike Blenkiron, and tidied by Dean Garraghty, ENGLAND?? (From his NEWSLETTER #2, withI} thanks!)----------------------------------- (Reprinted from the Mid-Florida Atari Computer Club Bulletin)by Len SpencerI}This is probably one of the last articles original to me for a while, but I will try to bring you some of the best fixes, mI}odifications, and other projects of other authors in the coming months. In this article however, I will try to give a littleI} help on fixing one of the more common breakdowns, the keyboard. I'm sure quite a few of you have an Atari in the closet wiI}th a keyboard that has gone belly-up in one way or another. You would like to put that machine to use again, or would like tI}o sell it for the best price as a working computer, so let's dig right in.The 400's membrane keyboard was a joke from the gI}it-go. The only solution there is replacement, and a lot of people replaced them with third party keyboards. Since there wI}ere so many manufacturers, I can't even begin to cover them all here.With the 800's, as well as the 800XL, there were more I}than one design of keyboards, by far the most durable of which was the full stroke, contact-switch type. Stackpole was one oI}f the major manufacturers here. While I'm notsure about what percentage of 800's used this type, not many of the 800XL's had I}them. If you should happen to have an 800 or 800XL with a Stackpole keyboard, then you should have very little if any probleI}ms with it. If you lose function of a key here, a nice bath with a good tuner cleaner will take care of even the nastiest keI}ys. If that doesn't work, then the keyswitch can be replaced.The other was the printed circuit contact sheet, where conducI}tive paint traces were silkscreened onto plastic sheets. My 800 is one of these, manufactured by Mitsumi, and a lot of the 8I}00XL's were made by Chelco. Here you must exercise a little more caution. DO NOT use any solvent type cleaner or you will waI}sh the traces right off. The only thing you can use here is a little water and a soft cloth. Even alcohol will discolor theI} traces and raise the resistance. If a trace is broken, a little dab of conductive paint, available at any electronic supplyI} store, will fix it up nicely. If the key still doesn't work, try giving the spring that presses against that contact a littI}le stretch. Be careful here, as it is easy to go too far and have the key stick on all the time. Remember, it is easier to sI}tretch a spring than it is to shorten it, (cutting it is "NOT" an acceptable alternative!!). If the problem is a key stickinI}g on all the time, try it with the pressure spring removed. If it stops repeating, then shorten the pressure spring by squeeI}zing it down with gentle pressure. If it still sticks, then take the separator sheet (the one with all the holes in it), andI} add a piece of scotch tape over the corresponding hole, and cut out the tape where it covers the hole. Don't use masking taI}pe or anything like that, as it is too thick. You should never use more than two layers of scotch tape for this type of repaI}ir. If it still sticks after two, then replace the keyboard or use the computer for parts. There are quite a few 800XL's flI}oating around that can be had for a more-than-reasonable price, and you should be able to find one with a working keyboard.J}o0o0o0o0o0o0o0o0o0o0o0o0o0o0o0o0oThis is an article about a 3 1/2" diskupgrade for the XF551 drive. Takenfrom the )} Unix newsnet system.Transferred by Mike Blenkiron. Tidiedand reprinted from ENGLAND's (??) DeanGarraghty's newsl)}etter #2, withthanks!-----------------------------------I just thought I'd tell everybodyabout an interesting)} upgrade for theXF 551 disk drive, from CSS (ComputerSoftware Services). The XF 551Conversion allows use of e)}ither a5.25" or 3.5" mechanism. The dualdrive upgrade allows use of both 5.25"and 3.5" drives. The DIP switches in)}the rear control the drive number ofthe first 5.25"; the 3.5" drive willassume the next higher drive number.The oth)}er feature of this upgrade isthe ability to read IBM and ST 360Kand 720K disks, with the separate diskreader program.)} It cannot read IBMhigh density disks (1.2 or 1.44 meg).It works great! Transferring fileswith it is a breeze --)} you can get adirectory of an ST or PC disk, andeven convert EOL's automatically withthe supplied program. It's nice )}to seesomebody out there still cares aboutthe 8-bit -- thanks Bob Puff! It evenaccesses files within subdirectorieso)}n IBM/ST disks.I recently purchased a Blackbox fromCSS, which allows you to easilyinterface SCSI/SASI hard dr)}ives toyour 8-bit -- another great job by BobPuff. It's nice to see somebody outthere still doing something on our)}computers.You can get more information from CSS,their BBS number is (716) 247-7157;the voice number is (716) 586-5545)}. *+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*(*PVkZERWOTWTRFOUPRMEKAFILEHELPMENUTITLECOL1COL2COL3LINEZLOSPACFNNCOLNSPSERPPAGCO-}LIN -}-} !"#??ԠΠ SAVE "D:NEWSLTR.BAS 6-6--}@'6-@36-@?6-@ӠϠŠӭҠԬŠ̮Ϡ̮z`-}@E:(AR`ΠŠ̮ҠŠқKB7t@d'@@d3-}@?AKA 'A@e'@ 5K:6-6-)6-A256-@-}33;,;,;,;,;,;,;,;A2,$(6.D1:WELCOME.SCR(8EA !A@h-}3B7t@dE@@dL. A 6.6. $(. A`t-@!8($Programmed For The Ol' -}PVkZERWOTWTRFOUPRMEKAFILEHELPMENUTITLECOL1COL2COL3LINEZLOSPACFNNCOLNSPSERPPAGCO1}LIN 1}1} !"#??ԠΠ SAVE "D:NEWSLTR.BAS 6-6-1}@'6-@36-@?6-@ӠϠŠӭҠԬŠ̮Ϡ̮z`1}@E:(AR`ΠŠ̮ҠŠқKB7t@d'@@d31}@?AKA 'A@e'@ 5K:6-6-)6-A256-@1}33;,;,;,;,;,;,;,;A2,$(6.D1:WELCOME.SCR(8EA !A@h1}3B7t@dE@@dL. A 6.6. $(. A`t-@!8($Programmed For The Ol' 1}Hackers AtariJ-@"t(% User Group Inc. By:Kris Holtegaarde00(' Modified By:Thomas J. Andrewsj61}66.,THE OL' HACKERS' ATARI U.G., INC. NEWSLETTERt67B:,%,.7<@8,y&-B:,6&7<,0 AU~ 1}L 6. 67@,.#67,.C6-+@&,'@%@L67,.'A @#-A"P' H6.D11}:MAINMENU.HLP$@5@A@H(}!A !A@h" A (" A1}(]B7t@d'@@d9A @E-@"V( Selection: ]6.2/ )/+"AU)"A&1},*4A07"AUA`9."A&*B:,"6.$*. A0:0"A&6.7:,*2B:,"@A` A0/ +@-/(@TURN DISK OVER/-@/(@1}THEN PRESS ANY KEY5AdAU)& A05% D:PROG.BASo+A%A @7-@1}@Q(NO PROGRAM THIS MONTHc-@@oARB'(FLIP DISK AGAIN AND PRESS A KEY1 A08)B A1}6 (}-@ @ 6( What's Your Pleasure?_B7t@d'@@d9-@@X(enu1} rint ead: _)8"@w((.( Main Menu....8 A"@AP8"@(1}(.( Read File....8 AF.-B:,6. D1:**.TXT.67<,.7<,F A"@A )1}5@<(}F A5p  A4F:A,"A6*@@@4 A5P**"@e*F:A,"1}ApA!`pA @4@e*F:A,"Ap:(}L-@@p(Not In This Months News Letter1}! AF AF! A!` TA @'A@hT((} 짠򠠠 00(1}( à ]B7t@d'@@d/-6)>(>:,SF:Ad,"AF1}] A5P MF:@,"@#@(" < (More) >G)M(}   mAdAU(0(1}File Complete:Q(Press Any Key for Next FileX)j@@@m$NA %6.D1:PRESSPRT.MNU*51}G@@@N(}((6-C:hhhhh Ȅԩ`,!A@h!A " A@`1}(" A@@A @QB7t@d'@@d9-@@ J( Selection: Q)!!"@i2})"@eAH"@xAC,"@c' A@@A@TK AD(}32}D1:PRESSPRT.HLP= A5G A@KÛC6-@f6-@V!6-'6-36-@96-C AI0S6-F:A2},"A6E(! Viewing Complete Press Any KeyL)O$SÛDU (}-@@'"A8K(Your Print2}er is Not On Line...U AFX<"Ap2(Printer Help File Not Found...< AFb= (}-@@3(ER2}ROR # F:A,= AFl A@-A $7@6-!"@e'6--6-7 AH@F (2}}-"(PRINT STYLE?0( . DRAFTF(. DOUBLE STRIKE0)@6-&@d0 )!AH U (}-2}3( PAGE COLUMNS & LINE SPACING?U(. 2 COLUMNS AT 6 LINES/INCHh%(. 2 COLUMNS AT 8 LINES/INCHG(. 3 COLUMN2}S AT 6 LINES/INCHh(. 3 COLUMNS AT 8 LINES/INCH( )( @e)!@hAH@g6-@f6-@V'6-@2}-6-C"@f)"@hO6-@[6-@g6-@v!@f6-$I (}-!( PAPER TYPE?42 }(. CONTINUOUSI(. SINGLE SHEETS8( )( @e)!@fAIB"@f6-&'ÛC]]IF PRT=TWO A2 }ND PT=66 THEN NL=NL-LNSP/TWO:REM ӠӠŠŠנ̮L$@3>:@',=6-*6. D1:**.TXT02 }6-6"@ A@U (}-9(%LOADING BUFFER before Printing.....U(Use -P to Pause+(Use -2 }C to Cancel+-@1 6. 67,.67,.#6.)6.16-%/ - A`6-'6-@@/-"2 }F:Ad,"A8" AU,F:Ad,"AF", A& &APAQAQ 67<,.2} AQ@67<,. AQ@67<,.! 6-%6-%@9 ! "F:Ad,"A8" AU#,F:A2}d,"AF", A(7 A&@P:,"7(@2 "(GF6  '6-+"2},$%+",$+@&,6(=:,PN (((":6-+",$@ %+",$@G*@'N*Z: 6-2}6-@@-$6.*":6. _"F:Ad,"A8" AU`,F:Ad,"AF", A2}d<67B:,%,.7<,)67B:,%,.7<,<67B:,%,.7<,n"6-?:}u normally do. Then you set up a ramdrive in the PC with the SIO2PC, say D2:, and format it with an Atari DOS, and writ6?}e DOS files to it. Then you turn off the Atari computer AND D1. You then give the SIO2PC a command to create ramdisk 1 a6@}nd swap the contents of 1 and 2 (yes, ramdisks can be swapped, once set up.) Now turn on your Atari computer, and it wil6A}l boot from ramdisk 1! If you use the Sparta X, Ramdisk 1 need only hold a config.sys and an autoexec.bat file, although 6B}it can hold considerably more than that. You can boot your favorite DOS and your favorite application. Loading is faste6C}r than from a mechanical drive, and SIO sounds are mimicked to let you know what's happening. You can even load your favo6D}rite DOS into ramdisk 1 automatically when you start the SIO2PC program. How is this possible? I told you at the outset6E} that the SIO2PC acts as a "file server" for the Atari. That means that the ramdisks supply the files to the Atari. But6F} those ramdisks can also be saved as ramdisk "images" on any one of your PC's disk drives. Mine happens to have a 65Meg h6G}ard drive, nearly full up. But I have saved ramdisk images of my Sparta X boot disk (as described above) and my Atari DO6H}S 2.5 in the same directory as the SIO2PC. You can use the floppy drives in your PC the same way. Mine happens to have h6I}igh density drives. The 5.25" drive can give me 360K in double density or 1.2Meg in high density. The 3.5" drive can gi6J}ve me 720K in double density or 1.44Meg in high density. If I use the last of these formats, I can save 7-9 ramdisk image6K}s per 3.5" disk, giving me storage for all of my Atari disks (7 disk files worth) in one 100 disk filebox. That's become6L} the primary reason for my getting the SIO2PC. I needed a wall-stretcher very badly, and this is really helping. Also, t6M}he time may be fast approaching when it will be difficult to get service on Atari drives. I know that it's almost impossi6N}ble to get service for Indus drives and that the only 1050s and XF551s you can get are now used. With the SIO2PC, you do6O}n't even need to turn on your Atari drives, which should cut down on their wear and tear considerably. I mentioned a prob6P}lem with printing before, and that there would be an additional solution in this review. Here it comes. Suppose you want6Q} to print a file from your Atari. Say you have a word processor running and you need to print to a printer that is conne6R}cted to your PC. No problem! In fact, several potential problems are eliminated. You simply ask SIO2PC to go into "prin6S}t-through" mode. It will then take the output of your Atari and direct it to the PC's screen, printer, or a PC disk file6T}. The program will ask if you want the Atari's EOL characters (ASCII 155) changed to carriage returns, and you'll probabl6U}y say yes, because ASCII 155 in the extended IBM graphics is a cent sign, hardly a combined line feed and carriage return6V}. You'll then be asked if you want to add line feeds. The answer to this depends on how your printer is set up. I need 6W}to say yes, or to reconfigure the printer. It's easier to say yes. Finally, the program asks if you want the eighth bit6X} stripped. Those of you who don't know what that means will soon find out! Should your Atari file contain graphics chara6Y}cters or even inverse characters, they will not print normally when in print-through mode. They _WILL_ give you the IBM g6Z}raphics characters (which will probably be entirely inappropriate) or headaches in the form of printer control codes that6[} will really mess up your work. The easiest solution is to simply strip the eighth bit, which converts all of the charact6\}ers to normal ones. I have a printer that works in either IBM or Epson emulation, and I make sure it's set for Epson. It6]}'s possible that inverse alphabetics on the Atari will give me italics in print-through, but I haven't tried it yet. I h6^}ave printed Atari files through to my printer with the eighth bit stripped, and to the PC's screen as well. I get nice 806_}-column screen displays if the Atari text files are set up that way. There are, of course, several improvements I would 6`}like to see in the SIO2PC, but they concern areas at the PC end, and are probably best addressed through software improve6a}ments. However, these improvements will likely be dependent on each PC user's configuration and the DOS he or she is usin6b}g. For example, I would like the SIO2PC to be capable of using expanded or extended memory, although I personally would 6c}not do that with my system. I would also like the program to tell me how much room is left on my PC's floppy disk when it6d} tells me the names of files I have already placed there. Otherwise I have to estimate and sometimes miss. That means r6e}esaving the ramdisk image on a new, hopefully preformatted floppy and erasing the partial save on the old one with DOS aft6f}er exiting the program (inconvenient, but not tragic). At the Atari end, I'd like to see a positive shutoff of the devic6g}e without plugging and unplugging connectors, as I described earlier. There are a variety of operations possible with th6h}e program that I have not talked about because I don't personally use them. For example, there is a status line displayed6i} at the bottom of the PC's screen that tells you what SIO2PC is doing. Because of the way this line writes to the screen6j}, it can cause problems with some PC displays, so there is a way to take it out. The COM port number can be changed. Som6k}etimes a particular user's system needs the data line locked on, and this can be set from the software. Usually it's in 6l}auto mode. If you have unusual addresses for the COM ports or wish to use one higher than 4, there is a way to set that a6m}ddress. Ramdisks can be uninstalled, just as they are installed, so that more memory is freed up for others. There is a 6n}file included that lets you check your bus timings and then you have the ability to alter them. Most of the time, howeve6o}r, this is not necessary. There is also a file that tells you what COM ports your machine comes with and what their addre6p}sses are (in case you don't know). One last file lets you convert PC files into Atari ramdisk images. There are also lo6q}ts of nice files that can run on the Atari, including one that you run from Atari DOS that lets you control SIO2PC functio6r}ns from the Atari. I tried it, and it works, but I have my two machines sitting side-by-side, so I don't use it. Anothe6s}r lets you convert Atari files into PC files instead of Atari disk images. I haven't tried it yet, but it should be usefu6t}l in some applications. Nick Kennedy claims that this project is simply a hobby for him, and that he has constructed on6u}ly about fifty of the units (mine included) and really wants to get away from that aspect of it. Therefore, he has provi6v}ded three routes for those who want the SIO2PC. You can, of course, get a fully assembled and tested unit from him. You 6w}can also download the files, which are on many systems as shareware, and either buy a kit of materials from him using the 6x}files to help you construct it, or you can simply go out with the list of materials in the files, purchase the parts, and6y} hardware-hack to your heart's content. Mr. Kennedy suggests a shareware contribution for the files, and charges $35.00 f6z}or a kit, and $49.95 for a fully assembled and tested unit ($2.00 more if you need a DB25 connector at the PC end instead6{} of a DB9). Postage and handling for both kits and assembled units is $5.00. Mr. Kennedy accepts money orders only at th6|}is time. He offers full money-back guarantees and upgrades at $5.00. His address is: N. R. Kennedy 300 S. Va6}}ncouver Russellville, AR 72801 Note: I read a message on FidoNet's Atari 8-bit echo from a somewhat dissatisfied u6~}ser of the SIO2PC named David Reed. Some of David's points are valid; some I cannot verify. For example, David Reed clai6}ms that his copy of the software came complete with a virus. Nick Kennedy is sending out software with a disclaimer abou6}t viruses and he puts a file-size message on the screen as a primitive virus-check. If you are the owner of a PC, you sho6}uld have a virus-checker and use it while any new software is still on floppy. I used mine, and found the files to be vi6}rus-free. (ALAN graciously invited members of OL'HACKERS to his home in November for a MINI-MEETING, and to demo his SIO26}PC as a good way to learn what equipment is around, and useful for the 8 BIT. THANKS ALAN! EDITOR) *+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*6}+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+* to learn what equipment is around, and useful for the 8 BIT. THANKS ALAN! EDITOR) *+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*4O) !"`3!3}   ||   ||   || >}   ||  ||   || >} ||  ||  || >}  ||  || Atari User Group Inc.(c)1985 || >} || Member NEAR*US || NOVEMBER/DECEMBER >}1991 || Member NEAR*US || NOVEMBER/DECEMBER <3 The OL HACKERS Disk News Letter Help File  The OL'HACKER Disk Based News LetteB}ris very simple for you to use. Allyou have to do is make the selectionsyou'd like and read them. To readthe whole newslB}etter, use SelectionA. To read only part of thenewsletter, select each file in anyorder by using the letter in front ofitB} on the main menu screen. If youwant to change one of yourselections, use the BACKSPACE key toremove selections until youB} reach theone to be changed, and start fromthere with your new selections. Theother screen editing function keyswill notB} work from the main menu. When you are finished selecting, pressRETURN then [R] and start reading. Asyou can see there arB}e pauses in thetext so it's much easier to read. Making a selection from 1 thru 4 youcan Exit to Basic or Exit to Dos, orB}even go to The News Letter PressRoom. Selections B thru Z are newsArticles. When a selection is madethe article is sent B}to the screenwith page breaks. At the end of thelast article selected, you are sentback to the Newsletter Main Menu. B} About The Printer  When you make your selection ofthe file you would like to reaB}d youwill be presented with the following: enu rint ead: If you choose then and youdon't have a priB}nter on line you willcome back to these options. Then youshould use the option to read thefile online. If however you B}eithermade a mistake or don't care to reador print the file you selected youcan go right back to the main menujust by hitB}ting . If you choose and you have not yet configuredyour printer, you will do that beforeprinting. When the nB}ewsletter program isformatting files for the printer, orwhile it is printing, press CONTROLand P to pause printing. To reB}sume,press any key. To cancel printing,press CONTROL and C. About Configuring Your Printer   B}  The printer configuration sectioncan be reached by using selection 3from the main menu. You also will beB}send there the first time you try toprint a file, if you haven't beenthere already. Explainations of theconfiguration secB}tion can be accessedfrom the print room menu. en't beenthere already. Explainations of theconfiguration sec@=f the keyshafts bridging two contacts on the sheet. Here if cleaning doesn't help, save yourself a lot of aggravation and reJ}place the keyboard.If you've found everything to be fine and dandy with the keyboard itself, but you don't have function ofJ} a group of keys, check the ribbon connector where the keyboard connects to the computer. There may be a bad connection. OnJ} the 800 this shouldn't happen, as this is a full plastic-bodied 18-pin connector. On the 800XL, the ribbon is merely an extJ}ension of the silk-screened sheet that slips into a connector on the main board. If part of the conductive paint has been scrJ}apped away, you can reach fresh trace by trimming down the ribbon a little. If you find yourself having to go too far, then J}replace the keyboard.Sometimes the problem is on the main board itself. The keyboard is read by two 4051 decoders and fed J}into the POKEY chip. Try swapping out the chips, one at a time, and eventually the keyboard should come back to life. If noJ}t, then there is a more serious problem that requires professional attention.Hopefully, I have given you enough informationJ} here to enable you to do your own keyboard repairs and save a little money. !|!|!|!|!|!|!|!|!|!|!|!|!|!|!|!|!| informationHq (and few are) it can be used to transfer files prepared ON any computer FROM any computer TO any computer (did you follo}w that?). The Apple, or IBM, or C64 files might not run on your Atari, but your Atari can save them and transfer them to }any other machine. x*x*x*x*x*x*x*x*x*x*x*x*x*x*x*x*x*x*xn your Atari, but your Atari can save them and transfer them to <  |짠򠠠| || N} pson Fx86e and Epson Compatibles. Panasonic Star. 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