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Overwrite? (Y/N) | YU {MIY IyLŊIL͋ M} OILʋL Writing YUU YUmRL%L*UYXȌL{1} LL=mRL L Lé Lĩ LL‹ĩ Lé Lé Lé LLLՋLL݋} LLL* M˭􉅠`z(z(LU } {X%$ R1XRE˭/ /ME z MLK: M {MJJ)JJI? JI/}L yEEILELEIL ELeJ)_JJIRL VLI: I:LVWRR b}N M OEEIL }E ML ELeJIALҍ M OEEILύR }E }MLeJIDL9L Default drive #ߩ YURXRRRU YU {ME0EL1E:L1EXRELeJIFLcI}L[ EL`ELeJIXLL EXIT- Are you sure(Y/N)? p YU {MJJ)_JJIYLLwLeJIMLˎ ށE}LeJIHLrRŭRƩH wōrRƍRELeJISL YELeJITL ELeJIVLKwRŭRƩV wōwRƍR}ELeJIWL` #ELeEL M``2R YELeJITL ELeJIVLKwRŭRƩV wōwRƍR7!tari6iew')&graphicsdecoderviewer#/--!.$,)34 }%3#!0%abortcurrentoperationdisplaythislist! }!gainredisplayimage $$efaultdrive&&astdecodescreenoff -dis }playdiskmenu22eada')&file4adjustcolorthreshold77rite-i }cro0ainterfile8exitandcoldstart(changehorizontalratio6changeverti }calratio\enlargeimage]reduceimage3selectareatoen }largearrowkeysmovechosenarea interruptsdecodingpausebetweenimages }pausebetweenimages U ************************************************ } * * * ATARI VIEW (8) * } * version 2.0 * * * } * Graphics Interchange Format * * image file decoder/viewer *} * for all 8-bit Atari computers * * } * ************************************************ Copyright (c)Feb. 1989 by Don }Davis 50 W. Holly Hill Rd., Apt. 13 Thomasville, North Carolina 27360 } As a 'shareware' product, this program may be distributed with}out restriction on condition that the copyright notice is not removed. A contribution }of $20.00 is requested. This software and the accompanying documentation are not to be sold, either separa}tely or in combination with any software or other products, without the express written permission of the author.  } GIF and 'Graphics Interchange Forma }t' are registered trademarks of CompuServe, Incorporated,  } an H&R Block company TABLE OF CONTENTS  } ----------------- Subject Pag }e Version 2 Quick Start....................................... 1 GIF overview....................}............................ 1 GIF and Atari............................................... 2 About the} program........................................... 3 Commands....................................................} 5 Errors...................................................... 9 Adjusting the color..................}.......................10 Choosing GIF files..........................................12 Final remarks.}..............................................13 } Page 1 Version 2 Quick Start } --------------------- All commands available in version 1 of Atari View (8) are available in v}ersion 2 as well. Version 2 includes four additional commands to make its use more flexible and convenient than version }1. For those who are already familiar with version 1, a list of the new commands, with a brief description of each,} should allow you to take full advantage of the enhancements without having to read through information you already} know. (D)efault -- allows you to set a default drive which will be used for all I/O operations supporte}d by Atari View (8). The default is now provided when you select an I/O command, so you no longer have to type the }drive number each time. (F)ast -- toggles a flag which controls whether the screen display will be on or off d}uring file decoding. Turning the screen off increases speed 20-30%. (T)hreshold -- changes the color sensitivi}ty of the program, allowing you to adjust contrast on some difficult-to-display images. SELECT -- pauses betwe}en images in multi-image files. Note that version 2 consists of two files. COMMANDS.HLP contains the lis}t of commands which is displayed in response to the "?" command. This file should be on the disk in drive 1 if you wish }to have this feature available. ABOUT THE FORMAT  } ---------------- What is GIF? The Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) is a hardware-independent !} file format designed to allow different types of computers to exchange graphics information. What G"}ood is GIF? GIF might be considered the successor to the older Run Length Encoded (RLE) format. RLE was #}a least common denominator approach to hardware independent graphics. By limiting everything to a 256 x 192 or 128 $}x 96 monochrome display, RLE ensured that virtually any machine could produce an acceptable display from any image file.%} Page 2 GIF is a more ambitious appro&}ach to the challenge of hardware independence, offering the flexibility for any machine to encode files with its ow'}n screen resolution and an appropriate number of colors. The standard leaves it up to the decoder to interpret the resul(}ting file suitably for the display hardware. Restrictions on the resolution of RLE files kept the file size )} reasonable. GIF, however, includes no such restriction, and the amount of data required to describe a high resolution*} image can be enormous. A GIF image may contain up to 256 colors, and any image size up to 65,535 x 65,535 is allow+}ed. To minimize the file storage space required, as well as upload/download time, GIF uses a data compression syste,}m called LZW. This is essentially the same as the compression method used by the AlfCrunch program, and is one of the me-}thods used by ARC utilities. For some images, it produces a reduction in file size of 30:1 or more compared to the .}raw image data. Of course, compression is less effective on images containing more fine detail. GIF images com/}e in two varieties; interlaced and noninterlaced. Noninterlaced files simply store the screen data in sequence from the0} top of the screen to the bottom. Interlaced images, on the other hand, store the data in four top-to-bottom passes 1}through through the image, recording lines at intervals. Each successive pass fills in spaces left by preceding pas2}ses. The interlaced format allows a user to get an overview of the entire image without waiting for all the image data 3} to be decoded. The image format is not always mentioned in the CIS file description. What does GIF 4}mean for Atari? No new format, not even GIF, will make your 8-bit Atari look like an ST. On the other ha5}nd, it opens to Atari users a variety of graphics never before available. This new vista does not come without6} a price. Many of the image files have been encoded by machines with plug-in graphics cards costing more than an en7}tire 8-bit Atari system. Consequently, an Atari user may not find all GIF image files to be pleasant, or even recog8}nizable, viewing. Some discretion is necessary in the selection of GIF files. I will attempt to provide some guidelines 9}for file selection. Keep in mind, however, that these are only suggestions. The only way to determine for certain w:}hether a specific file will look good is trial and error. I encourage Atari users to share information about G;}IF image files. Post messages reporting which you have found to be good viewing and where you found them. Perhaps w<}e will even see text files compiling a list of those image files Atari 8-bit users might enjoy. =} Page 3 ABOUT THE PROGRAM >} ----------------- Atari View (8) is written primarily in the Action! language, origi?}nally distributed by OSS, Inc. and now available from ICD, Inc., 1220 Rock Street, Rockford, Illinois 61101-1437. The ma@}jority of the program is original, but it includes some routines from the public domain runtime package written by A}Jeff Reiser and from the IOFUNC.ACT file written by Bill Wilkinson. Booting Up Before yB}ou boot Atari View, be sure there is no cartridge installed. If you own an XL or XE model, the program disables built-inC} BASIC as it loads. If a cartridge is installed, Atari View will appear to load normally. When you attempt to read D}a GIF image file, however, the viewer will lock up within a few seconds. Atari View requires 48k of RAM and will noE}t run in less. For the same reason, Atari View is not likely to coexist with nonresident handlers. A handler intalled inF} low memory that is not overwritten by the program code itself will probably be destroyed during the data expansionG} process. Version 2.0 even uses the "page 6" RAM, so a handler or utility installed there will not survive. H} I should confess that I "cheated" to fit the program into 48k at all. I allocated a 4k block of RAM for data expansioI}n and placed it just above DOS. As the program continued to grow, I kept moving the base address of this block downJ}ward into the DOS area, until the base address is now $1B00. I feel quite safe doing this. Data expansion uses the K}allocated area from the top down, beginning at $2AFF, and a single compression code would have to consist of more than 2L},000 pixels to cause a problem. By my estimate, the minimum requirement to produce such a string is a file consistiM}ng of more than 2,000,000 identical pixels. In other words, someone would have to encode a blank screen roughly 800N} x 600. Such resolutions are available on high-end machines, but it's hard to imagine anyone bothering to encode a blankO} screen of that size. Unless I've made a serious error in my reasoning, a crash resulting from excessively long pixP}el strings is highly unlikely. Atari View has been tested with Atari DOS 2.0S in both single and double dQ}ensity, Atari DOS 2.5 and SpartaDOS versions 2.3 and 3.2. Atari View does not work properly with Sparta 3.2 if the time/R}date line is displayed. On bootup, therefore, Atari View executes a TD OFF command if Sparta 3.2 is running. When rS}unning under Sparta 2.3, the program works equally well with or without the time/date display. I don't recommend tuT}rning on the time/date line, however, particularly when a television is used for display. Atari View already requires 19U}2 scan lines, the equivalent of 24 text lines, for the graphic screen, plus the command line. The time/date line maV}y push part of the graphics display off the bottom of the television screen. W} Page 4 GIF On Display Atari View uses one of two display modes to presX}ent GIF images, depending on information in the image file header. If the header identifies it as a two-color (monoY}chrome) file, the viewer selects GRAPHICS 8, the 320 X 192 monochrome mode. If the header indicates there are more Z}than two colors in the file, Atari View defaults to GRAPHICS 15, the 160 X 192 X 4-color mode. Since this mode has no [} operating system support on older model Ataris, Atari View does not expect such support and works equally well on the\} 800 and the 130XE. Because many GIF files contain more than four colors, a technique known as dithering is us]}ed to simulate all colors. Dithering is a process of displaying adjacent pixels of two different colors, resulting ^}in a third color being perceived by the user. All GIF color files are presented using black, red, green and blue in the _}color registers. Theoretically these colors, in proper combination, can produce all the colors a television or moni`}tor can display. In practice, the GRAPHICS 15 display doesn't allow enough control to be quite that versatile. It da}oes, however, permit differentiation among far more than the four hardware colors chosen. Unfortunately, the db}ither pattern doesn't always blend smoothly. Version 2.0 uses some coarser patterns than previous versions. The patc}terns, while somewhat distracting, are necessary to differentiate as many colors as possible. For this reason it is bestd} to view the images from a few feet away, where the patterns are less obvious. If you use a monitor with a crisp die}splay, you may find that adjusting the focus to reduce the sharpness produces more pleasing results. For the pf}resent I have chosen not to use a "closest match" approach to display four-color files. GIF permits a single file to g} contain more than one image, but gives no advance warning of multi-image files. Secondary images are not limited to thq}BDOS SYSB(!DUP SYSBIAUTORUN SYSBCOMMANDSHLPB=ATVIEW8 DOCe colors used in the first image, or even to the same number of colors. Dithering with the primary colors offers grr}eater flexibility for representing all files. At the end of this document, I have included some suggestions tos} help you adjust the color of your television or monitor to get the best results from Atari View (8). Higt}h resolution images present another problem for 8-bit Ataris. Some method must be used to reduce image resolution to fitu} the display. Atari View uses simple pixel skipping because there just isn't time for a more complex approach. Reduv}cing a 640 x 350 image to fit a 160 x 192 screen means skipping three of every four pixels on a line and skipping ew}very other line altogether. As a default, Atari View computes ratios for resolution reduction that will presenx}t all, or nearly all, of the defined screen in the appropriate Atari display mode. These ratios are user-alterable, andy} you have the option of "zooming in" on a fraction of the image. z} Page 5 Command Performance The user interface for Atari View is as intuitive as {}I could make it. A user who needs a reminder of the commands can easily get a command list within the program, but |}I have provided a somewhat more complete explanation of each command here. Version 2.0 includes the following }}new functions: -User selectable default drive -Screen off option for faster decoding -User adjustable co~}lor threshold -Optional pause between images in multi-image files Version 2.0 takes} a new approach to responding to the console buttons. Response actually occurs in two steps; recognition }and action. Atari View now recognizes console buttons during the vertical blank. The command line turns g}reen to acknowledge that the program has recognized console button input. Action on the command is deferred, howeve}r, until an appropriate time for the program to react. OPTION-- This interrupts the decoding} process more or less immediately. Before expanding the data contained in a compression code, Atari View }determines whether the OPTION button has been pressed. If it has, the file is closed and control returns }to the keyboard input routine. Any portion of the image which has been displayed remains on the screen, b}ut decoding cannot be continued where it was interrupted. If you are viewing a familiar file, you can use OPTION to} halt decoding immediately after the file header has been read, change the display ratios, select a porti}on of the screen to enlarge, and use the "A" command to display that area, all without having to wait for} the entire image to be displayed using the default parameters. SELECT-- This command, new w}ith version 2.0, allows you to pause between images in a multi-image file. Because multi-image files may }contain images which overlay each other, you may wish to use the SELECT button to give yourself more time} to look at an image before it is overwritten. You can press SELECT at any time during the decoding of an} image, but the pause will not take effect until that image has been completely displayed. At that time, }the command line will turn yellow and the message "Press SELECT to continue" will be displayed. Pressing }SELECT again allows decoding to resume. Page 6} START-- The START button is not defined in Atari View (8). Consequently, START can be used to cancel }the effect of the other console buttons if you use it quickly enough. This is not often practical after y}ou have pressed OPTION because the program normally responds quickly. It may be of value, however, if you} change your mind after pressing SELECT. None of the following commands require the use of the } CONTROL or SHIFT keys. ESCAPE-- This is used to abort certain program functions without chang}ing program parameters. It works with the H,V,S,R,W,D and T commands. ?-- Displays a list of c}ommands. With version 2.0, the command list is stored in an external file named COMMANDS.HLP. When the qu}estion mark is pressed, Atari View looks for D:COMMANDS.HLP. If you use Atari DOS, therefore, the help fi}le must be present on drive 1 for the program to find it. SpartaDOS users can store the file on any drive } which has been set within SpartaDOS as the default. If Atari View can't find the help file, it displays the messag}e "D:COMMANDS.HLP not found" on the command line. (A)gain-- Redisplays the currently selected }file, adjusting the display to user-specified parameters. (D)efault-- Allows the default drive} to be changed. This command is new to version 2.0. Pressing "D" causes the prompt "Default drive #1" to }appear on the command line the first time it is used. Just press the number of the desired default drive.} Atari View will accept any single digit. Should you choose a drive number which is not connected to your} system, of course, it will cause a DOS error later. Any key except a number will quit the command without changing} the default. Note: This does not change the drive recognized by SpartaDOS as the default. T}he SpartaDOS default should be changed at bootup, if desired, either manually or from a batch file.} Page 7 (F)ast-- Turns off the dis}play during file decoding to reduce decoding time 20%-30%. This command is new with version 2.0. If you a}re viewing a multi-image file, the display will be restored after the first image. Some multi-image files} feature a sort of crude animation. Such files are intended to be viewed during decoding, and the final d}isplay doesn't provide the full effect. The "F" command still saves time on the first image without destr}oying such special effects. Pressing "F" toggles fast mode on and off, and the command line responds with a } "Screen ON" or "Screen OFF" message. Unlike many of the other commands, this one does not return to the default} condition when you read a new file. (M)enu-- Displays the menu of the disk in the selected } drive. The default mask is "D#:*.GIF", where "#" indicates the default drive number set with the "D" command}, and the mask is user-alterable. ESCAPE quits without displaying a menu. (R)ead-- D}ecodes and displays a GIF image file. Pressing "R" moves you to the file name input routine. The "Read-" prompt } will be displayed on the command line, and you may then enter the file name or path name for the GIF file of} your choice, up to 30 characters. The read function requires a full legal filespec, including device, fi}lename and extender. Version 2.0 displays the prompt "Read- D#:", where "#" is the default drive number s}et with the "D" command. RETURN enters the new file name. ESCAPE quits without reading a new file. } When reading begins, the command line will display the message: screen 640 X 350 }OPTION interrupts The screen dimensions shown are those defined in the file header -- the "log}ical screen." It might be useful to think of the physical display as a window on the logical screen. Atar}i View allows you to change the "magnification" of the image appearing in the window. Secondary imag}es in multi-image files are noted by a beep from the monitor speaker. The command line displays "New imag}e at 81,40 size 120 x 100". The numbers shown are merely examples, of course. } Page 8 (T)hreshold-- Adjusts the threshold Atari View uses to } interpret colors. This command is new with version 2.0 and results in the command line prompt "Threshold (L,M,}H)-". The default is "M", or middle. Changing the threshold to high by pressing "H" drops more of the ima}ge colors into black. Low threshold, set by pressing "L", brings out colors otherwise displayed as black.} This command adds flexibility for viewing difficult files. Any other key quits without changing the thre}shold. (W)rite-- Writes a Micropainter-compatible file. Following this command, you will be pr}ompted for a legal filename or path name to write to. The command line prompt is "Write-D#:", where "#" i}s the default drive number set with the "D" command. If that file is already present on the specified dri}ve, you must must confirm the entry to overwrite the existing file. Output is the current screen contents}. RETURN starts the write process. ESCAPE quits without writing a file. e(X)it-- Originally, t}his command was intended to exit to the DOS menu or command prompt. Because the program alters a number o}f operating system variables, this sometimes caused a crash. Now the "X" command initiates a cold start. With } Atari DOS, if the viewer is on the disk in drive 1 and is named "AUTORUN.SYS", it will automatically load and }run again. When you enter "X", the command line prompts you to confirm the command. Pressing "Y" exits to} DOS. Any other key aborts the exit command. H-- Allows you to change the horizontal display r}atio. When this command is entered, the command line displays something like: H-1}/4 V-1/2 NEW H-1/4 V-- Allows you to change the vertical display ratio. When this command i}s entered, the command line displays something like: H-1/4 V-1/2 NEW V-1/2 } Separate commands are provided for the two ratios to allow you to change the aspect ratio of the displ}ay, if necessary. Default ratios are computed to produce the nearest fit of the entire image to the scree}n. Cursor control keys are used to change the selected ratio. The UP arrow makes the image larger and DOW}N makes it smaller. Either ratio may range from 32/1 enlargement to 1/254 reduction. Pressing RETURN ente}rs the new ratio. ESCAPE quits the ratio command without altering the ratio. } Page 9 (S)elect-- Allows you to choose the area of the image to be }enlarged. The H, V, and S commands all cause the appearance of two rectangular cursors on} the screen. One represents the upper left corner of the screen, the other represents the lower right cor}ner. This allows you to identify what will be displayed when you use the "A" command to redisplay the ima}ge. The boundaries of the physical screen fall on the outside corners of the cursors. When the "S" c}ommand is active, the command line displays: UPPER LEFT- 0,0 NEW 0,0 } If the display ratios are such that the entire image does not appear on the screen, one or both cursors may b}e moved off the screen. In this case, you can refer to the coordinates displayed on the command line. Two} sets of coordinates appear when the "S" command is active. The first set locates the upper left-hand cor}ner of the current physical display within the logical screen. The "NEW" set specifies the position of th}e corner that will be used when the "A" command is entered. The cursor control keys move the new corner p}osition where you want it. XL/XE users have the advantage of a fast key repeat rate. That feature is more } difficult to implement on the 800, and there is no room available for the necessary code. Note that the area bound}ed by the cursors will not move beyond the logical screen dimensions defined in the file header. RETURN s}aves the new upper left corner position. ESCAPE quits the "S" command without altering the corner coordin}ates. Built-In Forgiveness Atari View normally displays a copyright message when i}t is not actively decoding a file. If the program encounters an error, it notifies the user by beeping through the }television or monitor speaker. Atari View also displays an error message on the command line. In the case of disk I}/O errors, the message is simply the standard DOS error number. There are also several error messages specific to A}tari View and GIF. If you attempt to enter a command Atari View doesn't recognize, the program will display th}e message "Press ? for command list." Should you ask the program to read a file other than a GIF image file, you'll} see the message "Not a GIF file." Pressing the OPTION button during image decoding causes the message "USER INTERRUPT" }to be displayed. Page 10 Atari V}iew is capable of recognizing certain types of errors within the GIF file itself. The message "Flawed GIF file" may indi}cate one of several problems encountered in decoding the file. There may be illegal or conflicting information in t}he file header. Perhaps the file was created by an encoder program which does not strictly adhere to GIF specificat}ions. Or there may be a problem with the compressed image data. In compressed files, correct interpretation of the data} currently being examined depends on the data preceding it. Atari View can recognize some types of errors in the com}pressed GIF data. Any such errors make it impossible for Atari View to know how to interpret the rest of the file. }This problem is most likely the result of a bad upload or download. At the time this program was released, Com}puServe programmers and independent GIF developers were debating a number of possible enhancements to GIF. The form}at provides for the orderly inclusion of such "extensions," but at this writing, none have been officially adopted.} Should you encounter a file containing one or more extensions, Atari View (8) will notify you of their presence with th}e message "Unrecognized format extension" on the command line. Properly implemented extensions should cause no prob}lem for Atari View, but their inclusion in a GIF file could mean you will not get the full effect the artist intend}ed. All errors return control to the command input routine. Therefore, recovery from all of them is simple -- }enter a new command. GETTING STARTED -------}-------- Your Color Or Mine You probably think the color is adjusted pretty well on your tele}vision or monitor. I think the color is adjusted well on my monitor, too. If our monitors aren't adjusted the same, who'}s right? I am. You see, I wasn't looking at your monitor when I wrote the program. As Archie Bunker }used to say, "Ipso fatso." My monitor has to be the standard, and if you can adjust your monitor or television to a}pproximate the colors mine displays you will get the best results from Atari View (8). To that end, I have inc}luded a 16-color test file to help you. COLORS.GIF was uploaded to CompuServe by Steve Wilhite, the network's chief} software engineer, as a test for IBM PCs with EGA graphics cards. By sheer good luck, it's a good test for Atari View (}8) as well, and the program simulates 15 of the 16 colors. By enlarging segments of the image, you can even read th}e color names, but I'll save you the trouble. } Page 11 ----------------------------------- | | DARK | LIGHT | } | | BLACK | GRAY | GRAY | WHITE | | | | | | } ----------------------------------- | | RED | | YELLOW | } | RED | YELLOW | YELLOW | GREEN | | | | | | } ----------------------------------- | | GREEN | | CYAN | | GR}EEN | CYAN | CYAN | BLUE | | | | | | ----------}------------------------- | | BLUE | |MAGENTA | | BLUE |MAGENTA |}MAGENTA | RED | | | | | | -------------------------}---------- First, look at the left column. These are the only colors used by Atari View (8). Black shoul}d be fairly well saturated. It should look like black, not gray, although it's difficult to get a really solid blac}k on a television without adversely affecting other colors. Blue and green should be bright, and should appear "pure". A}tari colors don't include a really pure red. The color used is more of a hot pink, which is as pure red as Atari co}lors get. Next, look at the third column excluding the top one for the moment. These colors are equal blends o }f two of the others. Second from the top is yellow, and it should appear gold or "dirty yellow". Some users have as }ked me about "that bilious green color." Obviously their monitor adjustments don't match mine. Below yellow is cyan, and } it should appear greenish-blue. Last is magenta, with equal proportions of red and blue, so make it look purple.  } The lower three colors in the other columns are mixtures of the first and third columns. If the colors I've des }cribed so far look right, these should take care of themselves. The upper right corner of the chart is suppose}d to be white. The pattern displayed, which should actually appear as alternating cyan and yellow dots, is as close} as Atari View (8) can get right now. From a few feet away, it should appear light gray. To the left of white }is the only gray I've managed to simulate so far. Viewed closely, this square looks like a pattern formed by a wide } cyan dot and smaller black and red dots. From a distance it probably looks more dark blue than gray. To the l}eft of the gray square is a second black one. Setting a low threshold produces two gray squares and one black one. } These are not all of the 30 or more colors Atari View (8) can simulate, but they are the more basic ones. In partic}ular, if yellow, cyan and magenta look close to the way I have described them, you should get good results from the} program. Page 12 Making The Hard Choices} The most valuable tool in choosing files is the CompuServe file description. The image resolution and nu}mber of colors are often specified in the keywords this way: 640 X 350 X 16 The first} number is the number of pixels per line, the second is the number of lines per screen and the third is the number of co}lors. For Atari View, the number of colors is generally the most important of these. In files with a large num}ber of colors, recognition of detail tends to depend heavily on relatively small differences between shades of the }same color. Atari View simply can't represent all those shades, and the detail is lost. In general it's best to sti}ck to files with fewer colors. This is a suggestion, not a rule. Depending on the subject matter, files with only 8 or 1}6 colors may have the same problem with small differences between shades. To make matters more complicated, some 25}6-color files do quite well because all the colors aren't actually used. Another clue to the suitability of a }particular file is the file size. Image files approaching 500k in length have been uploaded. An Atari 8-bit user wo }uld need a hard disk merely to download one of these, and I shudder to think of the time Atari View would require to !} decode it. Although a 50k file will fit easily on a single-density floppy disk, it still reflects quite a bit of fine "}detail in the image and may not produce an attractive display. Therefore, another reasonable guideline is to stick #}to files 30k or less in size. Oddly enough, defined screen resolution is substantially less important, althoug$}h the default display is not always the best way to view the image. With the "zoom" capability of Atari View (8), it is%} always possible to see a portion of an image at full resolution. Off And Running Althou&}gh version 2.0 is roughly twice as fast as previous versions, the first thing you are likely to notice is that the image'} will appear on your screen more slowly than images from files created by Atari paint programs. There are several r(}easons for this. The first, and most obvious, is that the image data is compressed and must be expanded to its)} original form before being displayed. Second, many of the images are much higher resolution than the 8-bit At*}ari display. All of these pixels must be decoded from the file, even though they will not be displayed, so Atari View is+} actually working much harder than it appears to be. ,} Page 13 And third, the process of locating each pixel from the image on the physical display is -}quite complex. GIF allows a single file to contain more than one image. There is no requirement that any of the ima.}ges begin at the upper left corner of the logical screen. Atari View also allows any portion of the defined screen to be/} enlarged, at your discretion. The requirement that the program handle both interlaced and noninterlaced files comp0}licates matters still further. All these factors must be taken into account each time a pixel is displayed, and the1} computations require time. THE LAST WORD -----2}-------- I'm not willing to claim at this point that Atari View (8) represents the best possible GIF dec3}oder/viewer for Atari 8-bit computers. It has been quite a task to take the program this far, and there is yet more4} work to be done. In addition, there are more GIF programs to be written for Atari. The fact that Atari View (5}8) has come this far is due in large part to the advice and encouragement I received from other members of CompuSer6}ve's GIF developers' group. In particular I would like to take note here of the help I've received from Steve Baute. Alt7}hough Steve programs a Texas Instruments PC, his patient assistance has been invaluable in bringing GIF to 8-bit At8}aris. In addition, I wish to thank the SysOps and members of CompuServe's Atari 8-bit forum who have suggested9} many of the improvements incorporated in version 2.0. In particular I wish to thank Bill Aycock for his helpful su:}ggestions, and to compliment him on his "Bedit" file editor utility, which I have found extremely useful in the pre;}paration of the latest version of Atari View (8). Look forward in the near future to an Atari GIF encoder, a <}direct GIF-to-printer utility and other GIF related programs. Perhaps other programmers will offer their own GIF pr=}oducts. In the meantime, I believe Atari View 8 does a creditable job considering the hardware limitations. >} Atari View (8) is a shareware product. Those who send the requested $20.00 contribution will become registered o?}wners and will be entitled to future updates of Atari View (8) for a nominal handling charge. Registered owners wil@}l be personally notified of future GIF products. Orders, questions or comments may be directed to: A} Don Davis 50 W. Holly Hill Rd., Apt.13 Thomasville, North Carolina 27360 B} Phone: (919) 475-2627 CompuServe I.D. 72327,311 C} CompuServe I.D. 72327,311 '