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APT ^J!(@7&%@<&,+ @b36-&=+%,!@'J Aph r'(@7%@ m}<,' @b| A` Ơ5@@" @b*@5@@@% n} D:RUNME1ST Ơ5@@" @b*@5@@@% SOME OF THE DOCUMENTATION ON THISDISK REFERS SPECIFICALLY TO THEXL/XE VERSION OF TURBO BASIC.FOR EXAMPLE, EVEN THOUGH THEp} DOC'SREFER TO A COMPILER AND RUNTIMEMODULE, THIS IS ONLY AVAILABLE FORTHE XL/XE VERSION...FOR EXAMPLE, EVEN THOUGH THE_12 4 1 5 0 10 70 2 12 132 PDG Doug Van Hook - JACG TURBO-BASIC is a publr}ic domain program developed by Happy Computing magazine. It was written in Germany and Holland and some of its menu selectios}ns are written in German. JACG has TURBO-BASIC available in our disk library for the XL/XE machines, and now has a new releat}se for the 400 and 800 Atari Computers. Included with TURBO-BASIC is a new DOS called, "Mach DOS" which executes DOS functiou}ns without ever leaving the BASIC program. This Dialect of BASIC has changed the entire language by adding commands whiv}ch encourage organized thinking. Other user's groups have been enthusiastic enough about the language to begin creating librw}aries of commonly used procedures. Why such high hopes? This example shows how organized thought can make extraordinarx}y programmers out of ordinary people: 10 EXEC HOUS_KEEP 20 EXEC MAIN_LINE 30 EXEC TERM_INATE 40 END After thesy}e four lines are procedures, which divide the program into more managable routines. By dividing the program into smaller parz}ts we can focus our attention on one routine at a time. When these blocks of code are finally executed they work together as{} a single program. Atari users in Cleveland have plans to release diskettes full of procedures which can be included in your|} programs. In addition to the PROC and ENDPROC facility, TURBO-BASIC permits Labels for line numbers which can be used }}in GOTO statements. For example GO# MAINLINE will cause the program to jump to the line number defined as MAINLINE. Once a ~}routine is defined, you never need to worry about its line number. If you are still unconvinced of its value, TURBO-BAS}IC allows selective line renumbering. For example renum 50,100,10 will change line 50 to line number 100 and continue to renu}mber in increments of ten. Not enough? How about a compiler for your completed program. A cookbook explanation was pu}blished in the Australian Atari Gazette. I couldn't do any better so I'll include their article: This documentation is} provided by the Western New York Atari Users Group and may be reprinted freely provided this credit is included. I kno}w everyone is still rubbing their hands in glee over TURBO-BASIC, the new public domain BASIC interpreter imported from Holla}nd and Germany. This month we are proud to present a new treat from our international friends overseas, the TURBO COMPILER.} The TURBO COMPILER will increase the speed of your TURBO-BASIC programs 3-5 times and regular Atari BASIC programs can} be speeded up to 10-15 times faster. The TURBO COMPILER is very easy to operate. It can be used with more than one disk dr}ive, even drive 8, the 130XE ramdisk. On the TURBO COMPILER disk, you will find several files. The important ones for the o}peration of the TURBO COMPILER are COMPILER.COM and RUNTIME.COM. Before you begin, you should prepare two disks. The first }one should be a blank formatted disk with DOS.SYS and DUP.SYS written on it. Your second disk should contain your BASIC prog}ram (TURBO or Atari BASIC). To begin, insert the TURBO COMPILER disk into your drive and turn your computer on. When i}t has finished loading you will be in TURBO BASIC. Type DOS to get to the DOS 2.5 Menu. Choose DOS Option "L", Load Binary }File and load the file COMPILER.COM. After a short while, you will see a screen full of German, if you do not read German do }not worry, that is what this article is for! At any time that you are on this screen you may reboot the system by hitting Co}ntrol-R or you may return to DOS by hitting Control-D. You will be asked if you really want to do this. If you do, don't fo}rget to hit 'J' for Ja and not 'Y' for Yes!! To compile your programs, remove the TURBO COMPILER disk from the drive, a}nd insert the disk with the program you want to compile. (If you have two drives, insert your disk with the program to compil}e in Drive 2 and the blank DOS disk in Drive 1.) Press the number 1 key (number 2 if you have 2 drives). A complete listing }of all the files on that drive will appear on the screen with one highlighted in inverse video. Using the arrow keys, highli}ght the file you want to compile an hit Return. That's all there is to it! At the top of the screen, you will see the l}ine numbers fly by as the program is compiled. When it is finished, you will be prompted for a file name to save your compil}ed program under. It has to have and extender of CTB (for Compiled Turbo Basic). The program will not let you use any other }extender. At this time, if you have one drive, you should remove your original disk with your original program on it and rep}lace it with your blank DOS disk. If you want your compiled program to be an AUTORUN file, you should name it AUTORUN.CTB. }Then the file will automatically load and run at bootup time. There is one more step that you must do to get a complete}ly runnable compiled program. Go back to DOS and copy the file RUNTIME.COM from the TURBO COMPILER disk to the disk with you}r compiled program on it. Rename the RUNTIME.COM file to the name AUTORUN.SYS. Your disk is now ready to go. The TURBO COMP}ILER does not compile runnable code, you must run the RUNTIME.COM file to run your compiled program. One technical note} on the TURBO COMPILER: If you're not familiar with other compilers for the Atari computers, you should know that many have }trouble compiling certain types of statements or insist that you organize your program structure in a certain way. So for no}ne of these problems have occurred on any programs we have tested with the TURBO COMPILER. The only statement it wouldn't co}mpile so far is the END statement. The only structure that we have had trouble with is a FOR-NEXT loop that has two or more }NEXTs for one FOR.For example: 10 FOR X=1 TO 5 20 IF X=3 THEN NEXT X 30 NEXT X Other than those two examples, w}e have had no problems compiling any type of program, either TURBO or Atari BASIC. Please let us know [Western New York Atar}i Users Group] of any problems you run into compiling any types of statements or programs. Whether you program in TURBO BASI}C or just want to supercharge your old Atari BASIC programs to super speed, I'm sure you will find the TURBO COMPILER will f}it all your speed needs.harge your old Atari BASIC programs to super speed, I'm sure you will find the TURBO COMPILER will f12 2 1 5 1 10 52 2 2 1322771PDGby Joseph S. KennedyLet's go from the old to the new. For the past cou}ple of months we have been looking at some the older programs in the disk library. This month I planned to present the disk }documantation that we received from Micheal Schuetz with the Turbo BASIC program from Happy Computing magazine. Just before }I started this article I came across an article in Pokey, the Western New York Atari Users' Group newsletter, by Dave and Lau}ra Yearke which covered most of the information we have and a few points we didn't. What I have done in essence is to retype} their article adding the information which they didn't have for theirs. I just want to say thanks to Dave and Laura for sha}ring their work with the Atari world. 0TURBO BASIC COMMANDS  ɯϛBLOAD } BLOAD"D:name" Loads a binary file (DOS L with /N)BRUN BRUN}"D:name" Binary load and run file (DOS L)DELETE DELETE"D:nam}e" Delete file name (DOS D)DIR DIR Disk directory } (DOS A) DIR"Dn:*.*" Directory drive n with lega}l wildcardsLOCK LOCK"D:name" Lock file name (DOS F)RENAME RENAME"D:old,new" Rename} a file (DOS E)UNLOCK UNLOCK"D:name" Unlock a file (DOS G)G}RAPHICSCIRCLE CIRCLE x,y,r Draws a circle of radius r at ce}nter x,y CIRCLE x,y,r,r2 Draws ellipsecentered at x,yCLS CLS Clears screen CLS #6} Clears screen on channel #6FILLTO FILLTO x,y Fill commandFCOLOR Fcolor} n Determines fill colorPAINT PAINT x,y Another fill } this fills closed object around x,yTEXT TEXT x,y,a$ } This writes a$ on a graphics screen at x,yMEMORYDPOKE DPOKE} n,v Pokes locations n & n+1 with 2 byte int. vDPEEK DPE}EK(n) Peeks n & n+1MOVE MOVE n,n1,n2 Block transfers n2 bytes from } n to n1-MOVE -MOVE n,n1,n2 Same as MOVE but starts } copy with last byte of blockBPUT BPUT #n,adr,len Block PUTBGET BGET #n,adr},len Block GETTIME TIME Time of day numericTIME$ TIME$ Tim}e of day string HHMMSSTIME$= TIME$=hh,mm,ss Used to set TIME$INKEY$ INKEY$ } Returns last character typedINSTR INSTR(x$,a$) Gives relative } location of a$ in x$ (must be an exact match) INSTR(x$,a}$,i) i identifies the start of the searchUINSTR UINSTR(x$,a$) } As INSTR but does not distinguish be}tween case or inverse UINSTR(x$,a$,i) Identifies startER}R ERR Value of last error numberERL ERL Line last error} occurred at%PUT %PUT With %GET reads and stores } numbers to disk faster and more compactly}%GET %GET Used with %PUTPROGRAMMINGREPEAT REPEAT Start a REPEAT- } UNTIL loopUNTIL UNTIL (c) Terminate when c is met.WHILE WHILE (c) } Start a WHILE- WEND loop to end when c i}s metWEND WEND Terminate a WHILE-WEND loopELSE ELSE Option}al extension for IF. IF must not be foll}owed by THENENDIF ENDIF ENDS an IF-ELSE-THENDO DO Starts} an infinite DO loopLOOP LOOP Cycle back to the s}tart of a DO loopEXIT EXIT Exit a DO loopLIST LIST Gives in}dented lines in listing LIST n Lists program } from line n on*L- *L- Turns off indent*L+ *L+} Turns indent onPAUSE PAUSE Pause for n/50 secondsRENUM RENU}M n,j,i Renumber the program from n first number j } increment is iDEL DEL n,i Delete lines n to iDUMP DUMP } Lists all variables on screen DUMP name }Dump to a deviceTRACE TRACE Trace program during } execution TRACE- Trace off.DSOUND DSOUND n,f,d,v SOUND with } channel pairing for increased frequency range } DSOUND Turns off DSOUNDGO TO GO TO n ALternate to } GOTO*F+ *F+ This command checks all } FOR/NEXT loops to see if counter has bee}n reached. if it has the loop won't be ex}ecuted *F- Deactivates mode*B+ *B+ When break key } hit after this command program acts as if a}n error occured *B- Deactivates *B+-- -- REM state}ment that inserts 30 dashes in listing# } # name Assigns current line # to nameGO# GO# name Similar to G}OTOPROC PROC name Start definition of procedureENDPRO}C ENDPROC Ends procedure definitionEXEC EXEC name Execute procedure } name.CLOSE CLOSE Close channels 1 through 7DIM DI}M a(n) Automatically assigns zeros to all elements } of a numeric array or null characters to a } stringGET GET name At key press assigns the } value to nameINPUT INPUT "text",x,y Prints text at prompt before } asking for variables INPUT "text";x,y as above but } does not print question markON ON a EXEC n1,n2,.. Similar to } ON..GOSUB but for procedures ON a GO# n1,n2,.. Similar to } ON..GOTO but line labels are usedPOP POP } This command pops the routine for all fo}ur types of loopsPUT PUT n Same as PRINT CHR$(n)R}ESTORE RESTORE #name Restores the data line indicated by } label nameSOUND SOUND Turns off all soundsTRAP TRAP #}name TRAPS to the line named by labelARITHMETIC/LOGICRND} RND Parentheses are no longer needed but } still works if they are thereRAND RAND(n) Yields random } number 0-nHEX$ HEX$(n) Converts n to hex stringDEC }DEC(a$) Converts hex string a$ to decimalDIV n DIV i} Integer quotient of n/iMOD n MOD i Integ}er remainder of n/iFRAC FRAC(a) Fractional } part of aTRUNC TRUNC(a) Truncates Fractional } part of a$ $nnnn Allows input of hex numbers but } they are converted to decimal& n & i 8-}bit boolean AND! n ! i 8-bit boolean OREXOR } n EXOR i 8-bit boolean exclusive-ORNOTES1. The time functions are wriiten for the} European standard 50Hz thus do not return the proper time here.2. To print a quote mark (") in a text string simply print }a double quote in the string.3. TURBO-BASIC returns error numbers as well as English descriptions. There are several new e}rror messages added. They are as follows:#13 - ?FOR - A FOR statement is missing#15 - ?DEL - Either the RETURN for a GOSU}B or the NEXT for a FOR or the REPEAT for an UNTIL statement has been deleted#16 - ?GOSUB - A GOSUB statement is missing#22} - ?NEST - Loops not properly nested#23 - ?WHILE - A WEND with no corresponding WHILE#24 - ?REPEAT - An UNTIL with no corre}sponding REPEAT#25 - ?DO - A LOOP with no corresponding DO#26 - ?EXIT - An EXIT was placed outside a LOOP#27 - ?XPROC - An} error occured executing PROCedure#28 - ?EXEC - An ENDPROC with no corresponding EXEC#29 - ?PROC - PROCedure does not exist}#30 - ?# - Label does not existThis is a fairly complete description of the commands within TURBO-BASIC which are differe}nt from ATARI BASIC. TURBO-BASIC seems to run all ATARI BASIC programs but the timing in loops can be different. All-in-all} this is a fantastic BASIC that should rapidly become the standard BASIC for the 8-bit Atari's and its priced right. Again I} would like to acknowledge the very large input to this article from the Yearke's article. TURBO-BASIC should be available f}rom the disk library before the September meeting.I have just come into possession of the original German documentation for} TURBO-BASIC; for any of you linguists out there who wold like a copy, please let me know and I will see that you get a copy.}TURBO-BASIC; for any of you linguists out there who wold like a copy, please let me know and I will see that you get a copy.O<<< TURBO BASIC >>>0Reference Manual (c) 1986 BrainsoftODisk Operation Commands0DIR, DIR"D1:*.*" shows di }rectory on screenRENAME "D:old,new" renames file "old" into "new"DELETE "D:file" deletes File "file"LOCK "D:file"  } write-protects File "file"UNLOCK "D:file" unprotects the write-protected File "file"BLOAD "D:file.obj" Loads a bina }ry file from BasicBRUN "D:file.obj" Loads and starts a binary fileOStructured Commands0IF aexp ... ELSE ... ENDIF  }If condition aexp is correct (<>0) thenthen the element between IF and ELSE will}be executed,otherwise the elementbetween ELSE and ENDIFREPEAT ... UNTIL aexp Rep}eats the element "..." until condi-tion aexp is fullfilled.DO ... LOOP Endless Lo}opEXIT Exits a loop. Program jumps to nextcommand after the loop.*F+ } After this command all occuring For NextLoops are checked if the counter has }already reached the end. If that's thethe case then the loop won't be }executed.i.e.: FOR I=2 TO 1:? I:NEXT Iif the *F+ command has been gi}ven before then this loop won't be gonethrough at all not even once l}ike itwould be in Standard Basic.*F-Deactivates this modePROC name}Beginning of the procedure "name".ENDPROCMarks the end of a procedure just like}the RETURN command marks the end of aGOSUBEXEC nameExecutes t}he procedure "name"ON aexp EXEC name1,name2,..Equals the ON ... GOSUB ... statementin Basic only} that you now don't jump toprogram lines but to procedures ("name1,na}me2")#after this mark always follows a Proce-dure nameGO # name}Jump command (=GOTO Linenumber)means GOTO Procedure "name"ON aexp GO #, TRAP #, REST}ORE # = other commands which allow jumpsto procedures.--equals the REM statement (If a program is}listed then the line containing this sta-tement will not show 2 but 30} "-"chara-cters !!!LISTEmphasizes the structured elements (just}List a Turbo Basic File to see the diffe-rence*L-Turns } this special feature off*L+Turns it on againLIST 100,Program from Line 100 til !}end will belisted !!!Turns it on againLIST 100,Program from Line 100 til 3OAdditionoal Commands0DEL x,y Deletes Lines from Line "x" to line "y"(inclusive x and !#}y !!!)RENUM old,new,incr Renumbers from line "old" on. The new programlines begin at "new" and will be i!$}ncreased by "incr".DUMP Shows a list of all used variables on screenDUMP filespec Al!%}so possible to dump to Printer or diskTRACE+ Turns Trace mode on. Which means that if thepr!&}ogram is executed the linenumber the computeris right now will always be shown on screenTRACE- !'} Turns Trace mode off.*B+ If you hit the break key after this command hasbeen executed!(} then the program acts as if anerror occured. This means you can prevent theprogram f!)}rom stopping by using TRAP commands !!(Makes it easy to disactivate the Break Key !!)*B- !*}Deactivates this deviceNOTE:In the following statement descriptions after "<=>" follows the equi-valent commands you ha!+}ve to use in standard Basic to achieve the sameresults.DPOKE adr,word Double Byte Poke <=> POKE ad!,}r,word-256*INT(word/256):POKE adr+1,INT(word/256)DPEEK(adr) <=> PEEK(adr)+256*PEEK(adr+1)MO!-}VE source,dest,count Makes transfer of large amount of Byteseasy. F.E. MOVE 53744,X!.},1024 copies the Charactersetfrom start address 57344 to start address "X".BPUT #n,adr,len <=> FOR I!/}=0 TO len-1:PUT #n,PEEK(adr+I):NEXT IBGET #n,adr,len <=> FOR I=0 to len-1:GET #n,A:POKE adr+I,A:NEXT I%PUT,%GET !0} These commands store/read numbers faster and morecompact on/from disk.FILLTO x,y <=> POSITION x!1},y:XIO 18,#6,0,0,"S:"FCOLOR n choose Color for Fill command <=> POKE 765,nCLS,CLS#6 Clear ScreenPUT n !2} <=> ?CHR$(n)GET KEY <=> OPEN #7,4,0,"K:":GET #7,KEY:CLOSE #7Computer waits for ke!3}yboard input and stores valueof pressed key in "KEY"DIM A(100) <=> DIM A(100):FOR I=0 TO 100:A(I!4})=0:N.IINPUT "text",x,y <=> ?"text";:INPUT x,yINPUT "text";x,y same as above only there won't a questionamrk !5}appear on the screenTEXT x,y,text Writes the text "text" on a graphic screen. Thecoordi!6}nates x,y mark the upper left pixel of the letter to be printed first.CIRCLE x0,y0,r Draws a circle!7}CIRCLE x0,y0,xr,yr Draws an ellipsePAINT x,y Fills a closed figure with the color determinedby !8}the COLOR statementTIME$ special variable which stores the time in theformat hhmmssTIME$=1!9}02030 Sets the variable at the time 10:20:30 PAUSE n <=> FOR I=1 TO n:NEXT ISOUND <=> FOR I=0!:} TO 3:SOUND I,0,0,0:N.ICLOSE <=> FOR I=0 TO 7:CLOSE #I:N.I> FOR I=1 TO n:NEXT ISOUND <=> FOR I=0 IOSPECIAL FUNCTIONS0INKEY$ Stores the value of the last pressed keyINSTR(A$,B$) Searches a %<}the string B$ in the longer stringA$.UNINSTR(A$,B$) Same thing only this time it doesn't mak%=}e adifference if the string contains words inlower or upper case (word=WORD=w%>}Ord...)ERR stores the value of memroy cell 195 (errorcode)ERL stores the value of the%?} line error occurs<=> ERL=PEEK(186)+256*PEEK(187)RND <=> RND(0)RAND(n) %@} Creates a number between 0 and n at randomHEX$(exp) Changes an Integernumber into a HEXvalueDEC(sexp) %A} Chnages the Hexvalue sexp into a Decimalnumber$aaaa allows use of Hex-values in program%B}f.e.: POKE $E477,0& Binary AND! Binary OREXOR %C} Exclusive ORDIV Division without remainderf.e. 3 DIV 2 = 1MOD %D} contains the remainderONew Error Codes0ERROR-13? FOR a FOR statement is missingERROR-15? DEL e%E}ither the GOSUB for a RETURN or the NEXT fora FOR or the REPEAT for an UNTIL statement has%F}been deleted.ERROR-16? GOSUB a GOSUB statement is missingERROR-23? WHILE a WHILE statement is mi%G}ssingERROR-24? REPEAT a REPEAT is missingERROR-25? DO a DO is missingERROR-26? EXIT EXIT without a%H} LOOPERROR-27? XPROC a PROC statement can't be executed (onlypossibility: EXEC!!!)ERROR-28? %I}EXEC a EXEC is missingERROR-29? PROC an unknown procedure has been calledERROR-30? # an unknown %J}mark has been usedNOTES:- Variable and Procedurenames may include the "_" character: IN_DOO$- It is possible to put BAS%K}IC autorun.sys files on a disk just name itAUTORUN.BAS and your file will be automatically run.- Two old Basic bugs have %L}been eliminated:1) sudden computer lock up during long time editing2) the adding of 16 bytes to a program whenever stor%M}ed with theSAVE command on diskock up during long time editing2) the adding of 16 bytes to a program whenever stor$'Welcome to JACG Public Domain Files.To bypass our NJ LOGO - DEPRESS "M", or "OPTION" briefly during loading.Tom Pazel's Men)O}u will RUN: Tokenized Basic, and Binary files. Files labelled DOC are RUN by RUNME1ST. Because of time we did not edit the d)P}ocs. Thus, there will be duplication which may be beneficial anyway.The DRDISK.COM file on this 400/800 disk is Turbo Basic.)Q} The purpose of this disk is to feature Turbo Basic. There are no other files for your pleasure. We have been unable to fin)R}d any files that work with this version of TURBO BASIC. If you find any we would like to add them to our library. Remember yo)S}u will have free pick of a library disk for a disk of files donated to JACGREAD all the Docs. to our library. Remember yo(asBDOS SYSB(!DUP SYSBIAUTORUN SYSB[RUNME1ST BoREADME DOCB4qPDG DOCBdPDG2 DOCB TURBO1 DOCB"TURBO2 DOCB;TURBO3 DOCBNSEEFIRSTDOC